• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1650-1653
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• 2007

We demonstrate fluorescent green organic lightemitting diodes employing a rhenium oxide ($ReO_3$)-doped N,N-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) hole transporting layer (HTL). The devices exhibit significantly reduced driving voltages as well as prolonged lifetime. Details of $ReO_3$ doping effects are described in terms of charge transfer complex and stabilization of HTL morphology.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1999

Until recently, the cranial base tumors were deemed unresectable due to the inability to diagnose the extent of the involvement accurately and to approach and excise the tumor safely. With refinements in CT and NMR scanning and development of craniofacial techniques, reconstruction becomes absolutely crucial in allowing successful resection of these tumors. Resection of these tumors may sometimes result in massive and complex extirpation defects that are not amendable to local tissue closure. In such cases, the free tissue transfer was a useful alternative because it can provide large amount of well-vascularized tissues and reliable separation of intracranial space from bacterial flora of the upper airway. The microvascular free tissue transfer was used in 9 patients at our center to reconstruct the cranial base defects. Of these, 8 were free rectus muscle flaps, and 1 was free latissimua dorsi muscle flap. There were 1 case of partial flap loss and 1 case of postoperative wound infection. The large, complex defects were successfully reconstructed by one stage operation and the functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory with acceptable complication rates.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.305-310
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• 2016

A thermal storage systems was designed to correspond to the temporal or quantitative variation in the thermal energy demand, and most of its heat is stored using the latent and sensible heat of the heat storage material. The heat storage method using latent heat has a very complex phenomenon for heat transfer and thermal behavior because it is accompanied by a phase change in the course of heating/cooling of the heat storage material. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to produce an experimentally accessible as well as numerical approach to confirm the heat transfer and thermal behavior of phase change materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems encountered during the actual heat transfer from an internal storage tank through simulation of the process of storing and utilizing thermal energy from the thermal storage tank containing charged PCM. This study used analysis methods to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of the PCM with simultaneous heating/cooling conditions in the rectangular space simulating the thermal storage tank. A numerical analysis was carried out in a state considering natural convection using the ANSYS FLUENT(R) program. The result indicates that the slope of the liquid-solid interface in the analysis field changed according to the temperature difference between the heating surface and cooling surface.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.808-810
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• 2002

Higher current-rating and improved thermal performance are being sought for existing medium-voltage vacuum circuit breakers(VCB) in order to meet market needs which require to be compact and downsized. In this paper, thermal performance of medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker was investigated through experiments and numerical analysis. We changed several major parameters of current-rating and heat sink affecting on thermal behaviors in the breaker and observed the results. To predict the temperature distribution in complex three-dimensional (3-D) VCB components and gas, the commercial package was used to simulate conjugate heat transfer. Although some assumptions and simplifications were introduced to simulate the model, results from the computational model were in good agreement with actual temperature rise measurements obtained from experiments.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.289-291
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• 2001

To study the structure and dynamics of a cosmic-ray-plasma system, hydrodynamic approach is a fairly good approximation. In this approach, there are three basic energy transfer mechanisms: work done by the plasma flow against pressure gradients, cosmic ray streaming instability and stochastic acceleration. The interplay between these mechanisms gives a range of structures. We present some results of different version of the hydrodynamic approach, e.g., flow structure, injection, instability, acceleration with and without shocks.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 1998

Intraperitoneal administration of radioisotopes is suggested to treat the metastatic ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity. Administering beta-emitting radioisotopes into the peritoneal cavity allows the maximum energy delivery to the cancerous cells of the peritoneal wall surface while sparing the normal cells located in deep site of the peritoneal wall. In this study, dose estimates of the peritoneal wall are provided to be used for prescribing the amount of $^{166}Ho$-chitosan complex administered. The $^{166}Ho$-chitosan complex diffused in the peritoneal fluid may attach to the peritoneal wall surface. The attachment fraction of $^{166}Ho$-chitosan complex to the peritoneal wall surface is obtained by simulating the ascites with Fischer rats. Both volume source in the peritoneal fluid and the surface source over the peritoneal wall surface are counted for the contribution to the peritoneal wall dose. The Monte Carlo code EGS4 is used to simulate the energy transfer of the beta particles emitted from $^{166}Ho$. A plane geometrical model of semi-infinite volume describes the peritoneal cavity and the peritoneal wall. A semi-infinite plane of $10{\mu}m$ in thickness at every 1 mm of depth in the peritoneal wall is taken as the target in dose estimation. Greater than 98 percents of attachment fraction has been observed from the experiments with Fischer rats. Given $1.3{\mu}Ci/cm^2$ and $2.4{\mu}Ci/ml$ of uniform activity density, absorbed dose is 123 Gy, 8.59 Gy, 3.00 Gy, 1.03 Gy, and .327 Gy at 0 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm in depth to the peritoneal wall, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1098-1105
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• 2017

Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) has been widely used for pseudotyping retroviral, lentiviral, and artificial viral vectors. The objective of this study was to establish a potential approach for large-scale production of VSV-G. To this end, VSV-G was cloned with an N-terminal His-tag into Pichia pastoris expression vector pPIC3.5K. Three clones ($Mut^s$) containing the VSV-G expression cassette were identified by PCR. All clones proliferated normally in expansion medium, whereas the proliferation was reduced significantly under induction conditions. VSV-G protein was detected in cell lysates by western blot analysis, and the highest expression level was observed at 96 h post induction. VSV-G could also be obtained from the condition medium of yeast protoplasts. Furthermore, VSV-G could be incorporated into Ad293 cells and was able to induce cell fusion, leading to the transfer of cytoplasmic protein. Finally, VSV-G-mediated DNA transfection was assayed by flow cytometry and luciferase measurement. Incubation of VSV-G lysate with the pGL3-control DNA complex increased the luciferase activity in Ad293 and HeLa cells by about 3-fold. Likewise, incubation of VSV-G lysate with the pCMV-DsRed DNA complex improved the transfection efficiency into Ad293 by 10% and into HeLa cells by about 1-fold. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that VSV-G could be produced from P. pastoris with biofunctionalities, demonstrating that large-scale production of the viral glycoprotein is feasible.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

The catalytic hydrolysis reactivities of dinuclear nickel (II) complex, ${\mu}-aquapentaaqua[{\mu}-3,6-bis(6'-methyl-2'-pyridyl)pyridazine]chlorodinickel\;(II)$ trichloride trihydrate (APNT) for bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) as a DNA model compound were investigated. The dissociation constants of APNT were $pKa_1=7.9$ and $pKa_2=9.6$, respectively. The hydrolysis rate constant of BNPP compound by APNT was showed the rate enhancement of about 370,000 times in the case of none catalyst at pH 7.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. Based on the findings, we proposed the catalytic cycle for the hydrolysis of BNPP by APNT complex. The metal ions of dinuclear nickel (II) complex significantly enhance the transfer rate of phosphoryl group in the catalytic process and the water molecules as nucleophile and proton transfer agent act in different steps.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

In this paper, we examine the points of similarity and difference between Korea, Japan, and the USA in terms of the spin-off effects of space technology on cultural life. In Japan and the USA, spin-off effects of space development research by government funded research centers are diffusive while in Korea they are interruptive. Spin-offs of research results impact cultural life via technology transfer and commercialization in businesses. This is because the Korean aerospace industry has progressed largely based on an overall system, but the promotion of internal parts and sub-systems, which can trigger technological development and spin-off effects in manufacturing, has been neglected. In the case of the KARI, the government funded research center, we argue that it is necessary for KARI to devote more resources to transfer (or promote spin-offs of) space technology to small and medium-sized businesses and other industries.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2005

(-)-Fumagillol (1), a hydrolysis product of fumagillin, has been synthesized by several group from commercially available 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-${\alpha}$-D-allofuranose in a highly stereoselective manner. Chiral centers on C5 and C6 came from D-allofuranose and the asymmetric center on C4 was accomplished by 1,3-chirality transfer using the Claisen rearrangement on a chiral allyl alcohol. Chirality, which is necessary on an epoxide consisting of the spiro-ring system, was diastereoselectively constructed by the well-known reaction, intramolecular ester enolate alkylation (IEEA), which showed that this reaction can be applied to the alpha-alkoxy ester system. The epoxide on the side chain was regioselectively introduced by the difference between the number of substituents on the vinyl groups. This accomplishment proved that IEEA can be a useful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules.