• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is prone to infection of various pathogenic organisms. Pebrine, one of the deadliest disease of silkworm caused by highly virulent parasitic microsporidian, Nosema bombycis has been understood since long. Infections of the disease range from chronic to highly virulent and can result in complete loss to the sericulture industry. Several strains and species of microsporidians have since been isolated from the infected silkworms; the disease is becoming increasingly more and more complex. Epizootiology, development of immunodiagnostic kit, use of chemotherapy and thermotherapy techniques has been addressed for identification and control of the disease. A technique of delayed mother moth examination, which plays a decisive role in the detection of the disease and harvestation of stable cocoon crop, has been described. An attempt has been made to review briefly the literature available on various aspects of the pebrine disease in order to develop efficient model(s) for the prevention and control of the disease and to suggest future avenues of investigation in the field of pebrine disease management.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.220-221
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• 2003

Bacterial infection is a very complex process in which both pathogens and host cells play crucial roles, and the host cells undergo drastic changes in their physiology, releasing various proteins in response to the pathogenic infection. Human airway epithelial surface serves as a first line of defense against microorganisms and the external environment. It is well known that bronchial epithelial cells secrete various chemokines and cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 to cope with various respiratory pathogens. (omitted)

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2004

Many important horticultural and field crops are susceptible to virus infections or may possess a degree of resistance to some viruses, but become infected by others. Plant viruses enter cells through the presence of wounds, and replicate intracellularly small genomes that encode genes required for replication, cell-to-cell movement and encapsidation. There are numerous evidences from specific virus-host interactions to require the involvement of host factors and steps during viral replication cycle. However, viruses should deal with host defense responses either by general or specific mechanisms, targeting viral components or genome itself. On the other hand, the host plants have also adapted to defend themselves against viral attack by operating different lines of resistance responses. The defense-related interactions provide new insights into the complex molecular strategies for hosts for defense and counter-defense employed by viruses.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.154-157
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• 2022

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications that can occur after shoulder arthroplasty. Although staged revision arthroplasty is the standard treatment in many cases, surgical intervention with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) can be an effective option for acute PJI. We report a complex case of infected reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in a 73-year-old male. The patient had been previously treated for infected nonunion of a proximal humerus fracture caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. He presented with a sinus tract 16 days after the implantation of RSA and was diagnosed with PJI caused by Serratia marcescens. The patient was successfully treated with DAIR and was free of infection at the last follow-up visit at 4 years postoperatively.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제52권
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• pp.11.1-11.9
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• 2022

Zoonotic poxvirus infections pose significant threat to human health as we have witnessed recent spread of monkeypox. Therefore, insights into molecular mechanism behind poxvirus replication cycle are needed for the development of efficient antiviral strategies. Virion assembly is one of the key steps that determine the fate of replicating poxviruses. However, in-depth understanding of poxvirus assembly is challenging due to the complex nature of multi-step morphogenesis and heterogeneous virion structures. Despite these challenges, decades of research have revealed virion morphologies at various maturation stages, critical protein components and interactions with host cell compartments. Transmission electron microscopy has been employed as an indispensable tool for the examination of virion morphology, and more recently for the structure determination of protein complexes. In this review, we describe some of the major findings in poxvirus morphogenesis and the contributions of continuously advancing electron microscopy techniques.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.57.1-57.8
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• 2023

Siewert-Kartagener's syndrome, a type of primary ciliary dyskinesia, is a complex disease comprising situs inversus, rhinosinusitis, and bronchiectasis. Situs inversus totalis is a condition in which all organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities are reversed. Furthermore, primary ciliary dyskinesia, an autosomal genetic disease, may coexist with situs inversus totalis. Reports on Siewert-Kartagener's syndrome in veterinary medicine are limited. We report a rare case of primary ciliary dyskinesia with Siewert-Kartagener's syndrome in a dog, concurrently infected with canine distemper virus and type-2 adenovirus. This case highlights that situs inversus totalis can cause primary ciliary dyskinesia, and concurrent infections are possible.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.538-547
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• 2023

Rapid apple decline (RAD) is a complex phenomenon affecting cultivated apple trees and particularly dwarf rootstocks on grafted young apple trees. Since its first appearance in the United States, RAD has been reported worldwide, for example in Canada, South America, Africa, and Asia. The phenomenon has also been observed in apple orchards in Korea, and it presented similar symptoms regardless of apple cultivar and cultivation period. Most previous reports have suggested that RAD may be associated with multiple factors, including plant pathogenic infections, abiotic stresses, environmental conditions, and the susceptibility of trees to cold injury during winter. However, RAD was observed to be more severe and affect more frequently apple trees on the Malling series dwarf rootstock. In this study, we reviewed the current status of RAD worldwide and surveyed biotic and abiotic factors that are potentially closely related to it in Korea.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2024

Diabetes, a chronic hyperglycemic condition, is caused by insufficient insulin secretion or functional impairment. Long-term inadequate regulation of blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have explored the molecular mechanisms linking diabetes to bone loss and an increased susceptibility to fractures. This study reviews the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced bone disease. Depending on the type of diabetes, changes in bone tissue vary. The molecular mechanisms responsible for bone loss in diabetes include the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, induction of oxidative stress, and deficiencies in insulin/IGF-1. In diabetes, alveolar bone loss results from complex interactions involving oral bacterial infections, host responses, and hyperglycemic stress in periodontal tissues. Therapeutic strategies for diabetes-induced bone loss may include blocking the AGEs signaling pathway, decreasing inflammatory cytokine activity, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and activity, and controlling glucose levels; however, further research is warranted.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.785-790
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• 2009

목 적 : 열성 경련은 소아에서 흔한 신경계 질환이며 재발의 가능성이 있어 위험인자를 조절하여 예방하는 것이 중요하다. 최근 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 열성 경련과 관련성이 높고 열성 경련의 재발과 연관되어 있다는 보고가 있어, 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염과 관련하여 발생한 열성 경련 환아의 임상적 특징과 재발에 관계된 위험 요소를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 11월부터 2008년 2월까지 침례 병원에 입원하여 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염으로 증명된 환아 57명 중 열성 경련을 일으켰던 11명을 환자군으로 하였다. 비교를 위하여 대조군은 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 있으면서 열성 경련을 일으키지 않은 환아 46명을 대조군 1로, 열성 경련으로 입원하였으나 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 없었던 환아 53명을 대조군 2로 하였다. 결 과 : 환자군에서는 대조군 1보다 최고체온이 $39.3{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$로 높았고, 총 발열 기간이 $2.9{\pm}1.2$일로 짧았으며, 열성 경련의 과거력이 8명(72.7%)으로 더 많았다. 또한 환자군과 대조군 1의 비교에서 다변량 분석 결과 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 있을 때 이전 열성 경련의 병력이 있는 경우 열성 경련의 재발 가능성이 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 것으로 조사되었다(OR=225.9, 95% CI : 1.7-4,780.0, P<0.05). 그 외에 성별, 나이, 열성 경련의 가족력은 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 열성 경련 환아에서 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 유무에 따라 비교하였을 때, 환자군에서 대조군 2에 비해 경련이 있기 전까지 발열 기간이 $0.9{\pm}0.7$일로 짧았고, 열성 경련의 과거력이 8명(72.7%)으로 대조군2에서 18명(34%)보다 더 많았다. 환자군과 대조군 2의 비교에서 다변량 분석결과 이전 열성 경련의 병력이 있는 경우 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 시 재발할 가능성이 통계적으로 유의하게(OR=5.5, 95% CI : 1.2-25.1, P=0.03) 높았고, 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 시 열성 경련 전의 발열 기간이 1일 증가할 때마다 열성 경련할 가능성은 0.3배(95% CI : 0.1-0.9) 감소하였다. 복합 열성 경련은 환자군에서 36%였고, 대조군 2에서 22%로 통계적으로 의미 있게 차이를 보이지는 않았다(P=0.46). 그 외에 성별, 나이, 최고 체온, 총 발열기간, 열성 경련의 가족력의 경우는 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 환자군과 대조군1,2사이에 다변량 분석결과를 비교해 볼 때 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 환아에서 열성 경련의 위험인자로서 열성 경련의 과거력이 유일하였다. 그러므로 열성 경련의 과거력이 있는 환아에서, 특히 인플루엔자 유행 시기에는 인플루엔자 바이러스 예방접종이 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염에 의한 열성 경련의 재발을 막는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.40-53
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• 2019

Of the Acinetobacter spp., A. baumannii (genospecies 2) is the most clinically significant in terms of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. It is difficult to perform Acinetobacter-related taxonomy using phenotypic characteristics and routine laboratory methods owing to clusters of closely related species. The ability to accurately identify Acinetobacter spp. is clinically important because antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical relevance differs significantly among the different genospecies. Based on the medical importance of pathogenic Acinetobacter spp., the distribution and characterization of Acinetobacter spp. isolates from 123 clinical samples was determined in the current study using four typically applied bacterial identification methods; partial rpoB gene sequencing, amplified rRNA gene restriction analysis (ARDRA) of the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 16~23S rRNA, the $VITEK^{(R)}$ 2 system (an automated microbial identification system) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A. baumannii isolates (74.8%, 92/123) were the most common species, A. nosocomialis (10.6%, 13/123) and A. pittii isolates (7.5%, 9/123) were second and third most common strains of the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (ACB) complex, respectively. A. soli (5.0%, 6/123) was the most common species of the non-ACB complex. RpoB gene sequencing and ARDRA of the ITS region were demonstrated to lead to more accurate species identification than the other methods of analysis used in this study. These results suggest that the use of rpoB genotyping and ARDRA of the ITS region is useful for the species-level identification of Acinetobacter isolates.