• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This study is to develop a method to evaluate the compaction effects of asphalt binders using WMA additives and compare their compaction effects on two types of WMA additives, two types of testing temperatures, and three types of asphalt film thicknesses. METHODS : This study is based on laboratory experiments and rheological analysis of the experimental results. Testing materials are aggregate disks, asphalt, and WMA additives. The main testing method is the stress sweep test by using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). In addition, the testing parameters obtained from the stress sweep results to evaluate lubrication effects are complex modulus and LVE-Limit. RESULTS : At both the first compaction condition ($110^{\circ}C$, 0.3mm) and second compaction condition ($80^{\circ}C$, 0.2mm) assumed, LEADCAP showed better compaction effects than Sasobit. CONCLUSIONS : The temperature $30^{\circ}C$ lower than general compaction temperatures can provide a better sensitivity for the evaluation of compaction effects. If a testing temperature and film thickness are grouped for the proper compaction conditions in the testing results, the compaction performance of each WMA additive can be more clearly discriminated in the grouped testing results matched with the grouped conditions.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2015

Anionic epoxy compound was synthesized and added to asphalt aiming to prepare self-healing asphalt. Epoxy-modified asphalt showed excellent modification effect and healing effect as well. The results revealed that with 5% addition of polymer the tensile strength, impact strength and complex shear modulus of the polymer-modified asphalt increased by 65%. 64% and 35%, respectively. It seems that high interaction occurs between polymer and asphalt matrix. Self-healing efficiency of the polymer-modified asphalt based on tensile strength showed 100%, comparing to 79% of straight asphalt. In impact experiment the polymer-modified asphalt showed 99% of healing efficiency, comparing to 77% of straight asphalt. In rheological experiment the polymer-modified asphalt showed 103% of healing efficiency, comparing to 72% of straight asphalt. It appears that the ionic bonding existing in epoxy polymers contributed to high values of self-healing efficiency. The polymer which has high intermolecular force fills the crack of the asphalt, pulling the opponent side each other, and so the original properties were restored.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.471-480
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• 2019

The constructions of engineering structures such as airports, highways and railway on clayey soils may create many problems. The economic losses and damages caused by these soils have led researchers to do many studies using different chemical additives for the stabilization of them. Lime is a popular additive used to stabilize the clayey soils. When the base course is stabilized by mixing with an additive, inevitable delays may occur during compaction due to reasons like insufficient workers, breakdown of compaction equipment, etc. The main purpose of this study is to research the effect of compaction delay time (7 days) on the strength, compaction, and dynamic properties of a clay soil stabilized with lime content of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% by dry weight of soil. Compaction characteristics of these mixes were determined immediately after mixing, and after 7 days from the end of mixing process. Within this context, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) under the various curing periods (uncured, 7 and 28 days) and dynamic triaxial tests were performed on the compacted specimens. The results of UCS and dynamic triaxial tests showed that delayed compaction on the strength of the lime-stabilized clay soil were significantly effective. Especially with the lime content of 9%, the increase in the shear modulus (G) and UCS of 28 days curing were more prominent after 7 days mellowing period. Because of the complex forms of hysteresis loops caused by the lime additive, the damping ratio (D) values differed from the trends presented in the literature and showed a scattered relationship.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.173-189
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• 2023

For a given structural geometry, the stiffness and damping parameters of the soil and the dynamic response of the structure may change in the face of an equivalent linear soil behavior caused by a strong earthquake. Therefore, the influence of equivalent linear soil behavior on the impedance functions form and the seismic response of the soil-structure system has been investigated. Through the substructure method, the seismic response of the selected structure was obtained by an analytical formulation based on the dynamic equilibrium of the soil-structure system modeled by an analog model with three degrees of freedom. Also, the dynamic response of the soil-structure system for a nonlinear soil behavior and for the two types of impedance function forms was also analyzed by 2D finite element modeling using ABAQUS software. The numerical results were compared with those of the analytical solution. After the investigation, the effect of soil nonlinearity clearly showed the critical role of soil stiffness loss under strong shaking, which is more complex than the linear elastic soil behavior, where the energy dissipation depends on the seismic motion amplitude and its frequency, the impedance function types, the shear modulus reduction and the damping increase. Excellent agreement between finite element analysis and analytical results has been obtained due to the reasonable representation of the model.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.121-133
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• 1999

본 논문은 국내 정유사에서 생산되는 도로 포장용 아스팔트에 대하여 노화에 따른 거동 특성을 파악하였다. 이를 위해 국내의 5개 정유회사에 생산되는 두가지 등급의 아스팔트 제품(침입도 85-100, 침입도 60-70)을 포함한 총 9종에 대하여 노화 단계별(노화 이전, 단기노화, 장기노화)로 국내 스트레이트 아스팔트의 침입도$(25^{\circ}C)$, 점도$(50^{\circ}C\;135^{\circ}C)$, 연화점, 및 DSR 시험$(-20^{\circ}C\sim30^{\circ}C)$을 수행하여, 아스팔트의 물성 변화 특성을 고찰하였다. 연구 결과, 국내 스트레이트 아스팔트의 거동은 고온($60^{\circ}C$근방) 및 상온$(10-30^{\circ}C)$범위에서 정유사 제품에 따라 상당한 차이를 나타내었으며, 저온의 경우에는 정유사 제품이나 등급에 관계없이 거의 유사한 거동을 나타내었다. 따라서 어느 정유사의 아스팔트를 사용하는가에 따라, 저온에서의 온도 균열에 대한 저항성은 다소 비슷한 수준일 것으로 판단되지만, 소성변형 및 피로 균열에 대한 저항성이 상이하게 나타날 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2016

본 연구는 천연 감자전분과 adipic acid와 acetic anhydride를 혼합하여 제조한 가교제를 각각 다양한 농도(0.125, 0.25, 0.5%)로 반응시켜 제조한 가교화 감자전분의 유변학적 특성에 대해 조사하였다. 천연 감자전분 분산액과 가교화 감자전분 분산액은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 shear-thinning의 거동(n=0.43~0.63)을 냈으며, 천연 감자전분 분산액에 비해 가교화 감자전분 분산액의 점조도 지수(K), 겉보기 점도(${\eta}_{a,100}$), Casson 항복응력(${\sigma}_{oc}$) 값이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 첨가된 가교제의 농도가 증가함에 따라서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 동적 점탄 특성에 의하면 천연 감자전분 분산액과 가교화 감자전분 분산액은 모두 약한 겔과 같은 거동을 보여주었으며, G'과 G'' 값들은 첨가된 가교제의 농도와 적용된 진동수 범위(0.63~62.8 rad/s)에서 진동수(${\omega}$)가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 이들 동적점 탄성 데이터로부터 천연 감자전분과 비교하여 가교화 감자전분 시료들은 가교제에 의해 입자 간 강한 결합을 형성하여 유변학적 특성이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Cox-Merz 중첩원리는 천연 감자전분 분산액과 가교화 감자전분 분산액 모두에 잘 적용되지 않았다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.410-417
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• 2003

Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylonitrile) [P(MMA-co-AN)]/Na-MMT nanocomposites were synthesized through emulsion polymerization with pristine Na-MMT. The nanocomposites were exfoliated up to 20 wt% content of pristine Na-MMT relative to the amount of MMA and AN, and exhibited enhanced storage moduli, E', relative to the neat copolymer. The exfoliated morphology of the nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD and TEM. 2-Acryla-mido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) widened the galleries between the clay layers before polymerization and facilitated the comonomers, penetration into the clay to create the exfoliated nanocomposites. The onset of the thermal decomposition of the nanocomposites shifted to a higher temperature as the clay content increased. By calculating areas of tan$\delta$ of the nanocomposites, we observed that the nanocomposites show more solid-like behavior as the clay content increases. The dynamic storage modulus and complex viscosity increased with clay content. The complex viscosity showed shear-thinning behavior as the clay content increased. The Young's moduli of the nano-composites are higher than that of the neat copolymer and they increase steadily as the silicate content increases, as a result of the exfoliated structure at high clay content.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.627-641
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• 2019

The paper focuses on bending analysis of the functionally graded (FG) plates with arbitrary shapes and boundary conditions. The material property of FG plates is modelled by using the power law distribution. Based on the first order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT), the governing equations as well as boundary conditions are formulated and obtained by using the principle of virtual work. The coupled Boundary Element-Radial Basis Function (BE-RBF) method is established to solve the complex FG plates. The proposed methodology is developed by applying the concept of the analog equation method (AEM). According to the AEM, the original governing differential equations are replaced by three Poisson equations with fictitious sources under the same boundary conditions. Then, the fictitious sources are established by the application of a technique based on the boundary element method and approximated by using the radial basis functions. The solution of the actual problem is attained from the known integral representations of the potential problem. Therefore, the kernels of the boundary integral equations are conveniently evaluated and readily determined, so that the complex FG plates can be easily computed. The reliability of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing the present results with those from analytical solutions. The effects of the power index, the length to thickness ratio and the modulus ratio on the bending responses are investigated. Finally, many interesting features and results obtained from the analysis of the FG plates with arbitrary shapes and boundary conditions are demonstrated.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2003

본 연구는 말뚝 부마찰력 저감용으로 사용하는 역청재료의 유변학적 특성을 분석한 결과이다. 역청재료는 효과적으로 부마찰력을 저감시키고 경제적인 장점으로 인하여 말뚝의 부마찰력 저감 공법으로 사용하여 왔다. 본 연구에서는 세 종류의 말뚝용 역청재료를 선택하여 비교 시험을 실시하였다. 물리적 특성시험으로는 침입도 시험, 연화점 시험 및 침입도 지수를 실시하였으며 유변학적 시험으로는 동적전단 유동기를 사용하여 위상각, 복합계수, 크리프시험 및 흐름시험을 시험온도 15, 30, 45 및 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 수행하였다. 시험 결과는 역청재료의 유변학적 특성을 나타내는 위상각, G$^*$/sin $\delta$, 크리프 컴플라이언스 및 전단점도로 분석하여 상호 비교하였다. 시험 결과 온도와 위상각은 비례관계를 나타냈으며 G$^*$/sin $\delta$는 반비례 관계를 보였다. 또한, 크리프 컴플라이언스는 하중시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하여 역청재료가 시간의 변화에 따라 점성유체로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 크리프시험으로 인한 시간 및 온도의 변화는 크리프 컴플라이언스 값을 크게 변화 시켰으나 전단점도의 변화는 그다지 심하게 나타나지 않아서 말뚝 역청재료의 평가에는 크리프 컴플라이언스를 측정 할 수 있는 크리프시험이 적절한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구에서 유변학적 시험을 실시한 결과 물리적 시험으로부터 분석할 수 없는 온도와 시간의 변화에 따른 역청재료의 특성변화를 상세하게 분석할 수 있었는데 이러한 시험 결과는 말뚝용 역청재료의 선정에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2019

최근 복잡해지는 토목 공사 현장에서 요구되는 수요에 적합한 다기능 지오텍스타일의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 5종류의 위킹사를 섬유의 특성을 분석하고 요구 특성에 만족하는 위킹사를 선택하였고, 이 중에서 2종류의 위킹사를 적용하여 수평 위킹 배수 특성을 지니면서 보강에 적합한 지오텍스타일을 시제품을 개발하여 인장 강도, 2% 시컨트 모듈러스, 수직 투수율, 유효구멍크기, 직접 전단법에 의한 마찰 특성 및 수직·수평 위킹 시험을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 개발 된 수평 배수 특성과 분리 및 보강 성능을 지닌 지오텍스타일을 실내 토조실험을 통하여 수평배수능력에 따른 풍화토 함수비 변화를 관찰하였으며, 개발된 지오텍스타일의 위킹성능에 의한 수평배수능력을 검증하였다. 실내 토조 실험 결과 위킹사를 적용하여 직조된 지오텍스타일은 수평방향으로의 과잉간극수를 배출하는 기능을 충분히 발휘하는 것을 확인하였다.