• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 2020

Background: Repair of the orbital floor following trauma or tumor removal remains a challenge because of its complex three-dimensional shape. The purpose of the present study is to understand normal orbital floor anatomy by investigating its differences across four groups (Caucasian American and East Asian, males and females) via facial bone computed tomography (CT). Methods: A total of 48 orbits in 24 patients between 20 and 60 years of age were evaluated. Although most patients underwent CT scanning following trauma, the orbital walls were intact in all patients. Linear and angular measurements of the orbital floor were obtained from CT images. Results: Orbital floor width, length, angle between the orbital floor and medial wall, and distance from the inferior orbital rim to the lowest point of the orbital floor did not show a statistically significant difference between groups. Angles made by the infraorbital rim, the lowest point of the floor, and the anterior border of the infraorbital fissure were statistically significantly wider in East Asian females than in male groups. The floor depth in East Asian females was significantly smaller compared to all the other groups. Conclusion: East Asian female population had smaller curvature and depth of an orbital floor than the other groups, which means racial and sex-related differences should be considered in the orbital floor reconstruction.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2004

This paper proposes a color matching 3D look-up table simplifying the complex color matching procedure between a monitor and a mobile display device. In other to perform color matching, it is necessary to process color of image in the device independent color space like CIEXYZ or CIELAB. To obtain the data of the device independent color space from that of the device dependent RGB color space, we must perform display characterizations. LCD characterization error using S-curve model is larger than tolerance error since LCD is more nonlinear than CRT. This paper improves the S-curve model to have smaller characterization error than tolerance error using the electro-optical transfer functions of X, Y, and Z value. We obtained images having higher color fidelity on mobile display devices through color matching experiments between monitor and mobile display devices. As a result of this experiments, we concluded that the color matching look-up table with 64(4${\times}$4${\times}$4) is the smallest size allowing characterization error to be acceptable.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.494-499
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• 2012

In this paper, a new method for detecting various objects that can be risks to safety navigation in sea environment is proposed. By analysing Infrared(IR) images obtained from various sea environments, we could find out that object regions include both horizontal and vertical direction edges while background regions of sea surface mainly include vertical direction edges. Therefore, we present an approach to detecting object regions considering horizontal and vertical edges. To this end, in the first step, image enhancement is performed by suppressing noises such as sea glint and complex clutters using a statistical filter. In the second step, a horizontal edge map and a vertical edge map are generated by 1-D Discrete Cosine Transform technique. Then, a combined map integrating the horizontal and the vertical edge maps is generated. In the third step, candidate object regions are detected by a adaptive thresholding method. Finally, exact object regions are extracted by eliminating background and clutter regions based on morphological operation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.505-516
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• 2000

Cellular Neural Networks(CNN) is a nonlinear information-processing system that has a locally connected characteristic and is widely used in the real-time high speed image processing. In this paper, a practical system approach of time-multiplexing CNN implementations suitable for processing large and complex images using small CNN arrays is presented and $6\times6$ CNN hardware is designed for the processing of a large image. While previous implementations are mostly suitable for black and white applications because of the thresholded outputs, our approach is especially suitable for applications in gray image processing due to the analog nature of the state node. CNN chip is designed using a 0.65${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 2P2M(double poly, double metal) N-Well CMOS process technology. It contains about 15,400 devices on an area of about $1.85\times1.75$ md. The designed $6\times6$ CNN is tested for the edge detection of a large image input and it's performance is verified.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the types and frequency of the various incidental findings (IFs) on magnetic resonance images (MRI) taken from the patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms. Materials and Methods: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) MRI taken from 1,013 patients with TMD symptoms were evaluated retrospectively. IF was defined as imaging features that were accidentally or unexpectedly found, rather than degenerative bony changes of TMJ complex or disc derangement. They were classified into two groups as TMJ site-specific findings and unexpected findings at other regions. The frequency of the sub groups was analyzed. Result: A total of 26 (2.57%) cases with IFs were classified into 13 cases with TMJ site-specific findings and 13 cases with unexpected findings at other region. TMJ site-specific findings included synovial chondromatosis in 6 cases, synovial cyst in 6 cases and osteochondroma in one case. Unexpected findings included salivary gland tumor in 3 cases, developmental cyst in 3 cases, vascular malformation in 2 cases, mastoiditis in 4 cases and sialadenitis on parotid gland in one case. Conclusion: When diagnosing TMD through TMJ MRI, clinicians should carefully read the image, considering the possibility of IFs because TMJ MRI can provide pathologic information in TMJ region and other oral and maxillofacial region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.47-64
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• 2014

A variety of traditional costumes have been developed in Asia due to different natural and cultural environments and they are still worn by people in many areas. Traditional costumes in Asia have been formed under the influence of various ideologies, as well as technology and social structure. Three Asian religions(Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam), which have undeniably strong influence on traditional Asian cultures, have great effects on the styles of traditional costume in each region of Asia. The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics and aesthetic values of traditional Asian costumes. To do this, the author used images of traditional costumes, which were taken in person by the author, in each region of Asia as reference. Unlike the traditional costumes in the West, which expose the body shape, traditional Asian costumes have nonstructural features in construction, form and wearing rules. They are also decorated with religious symbols and other ornaments, which is different from functional and non-decorative modern clothes. Each traditional Asian costume has unique characteristics. The costume under the influence of Buddhism shows the beauty of concealment that features trans-spatiality and abundant silhouette. On the other hand, the Hindu costume shows the beauty of symbolization represented by very colorful and complex ornaments, while costume in the Islam regions shows the beauty of restraint with clothes that wrap up the body in accordance with its strict religious discipline. Asian religions also represent philosophy, culture as well as an ethnic group. They have influenced entire Asian cultures including the arts, aesthetics and social structure and decided the style of costumes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2012

Shoulder MRArthrography was performed to get an accurate diagnosis about complex anatomical structure in shoulder joint. We carried out how the changes of anatomical rotations in shoulder joint could bring certain diagnosis effects on MRI images for various shoulder humerus positions; Neutral position, Internal rotation position and External rotation position. In addition, we prepared an aid tool in oder to maintain the right posture of a patient. This aid tool was made by adapting Modeling Design Program. By virtue of this aid, we obtained the following result. Shoulder MR Arthrography by the External rotation position for anatomical structure diagnosis was the most suitable in diagnostic evaluations of important anatomical structures in shoulder joint such as Biceps tendon, Supera-spiatus tendon, Sub-scapularis tendon, Labrum and Sub-acromial space.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.6 no.1 s.10
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• pp.72-79
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• 2002

This paper presents an efficient face detection algorithm for color images with a complex background. The presented algorithm utilizes the color information and eigenface that is calculated by PCA-LDA (Principle Component Analysis - Linear Discriminant Analysis). The method of using the color information is faster than any other methods. Eigenface includes average information of the whole test faces. Therefore eigenface can decide that the candidate region is a face. The whole process is composed of two steps. First, it finds first face candidates region of skin tone using a color information in image. We can get a size and position of face candidate region. Second, we compare first face candidate region with eigenface, so decide that an image whether include a face or not. The advantages of the proposed approach include that increasing the detection speed by deciding a size and position of first face candidates region. Also, Betting 97% of the detection rate by comparing the eigenfaces calculated in PCA-LDA.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2017

Purpose Surgery for separating craniopagus twins involves many critical issues owing to complex anatomical features. We demonstrate a 3D printed model and virtual reality (VR) technologies that could provide valuable benefits for surgical planning and simulation, which would improve the visualization and perception during craniopagus surgery. Material & Methods We printed a 3D model extracted from CT images of craniopagus patients using segmentation software developed in-house. Then, we imported the 3D model to create the VR environment using 3D simulation software (Unity, Unity Technologies, CA). We utilized the HTC Vive (HTC & Valve Corp) head-mount-display for the VR simulation. Results We obtained the 3D printed model of craniopagus patients and imported the model to a VR environment. Manipulating the model in VR was possible, and the 3D model in the VR environment enhanced the application of user-friendly 3D modeling in surgery for craniopagus twins. Conclusion The use of the 3D printed model and VR has helped understand complicated anatomical structures of craniopagus patients and has made communicating with other medical surgeons in the field much easier. Further, interacting with the 3D model is possible in VR, which enhances the understanding of the craniopagus surgery as well as the success rate of separation surgery while providing useful information on diagnosing and surgery planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.1 s.139
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• pp.23-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to spread the public recognition for the style of Islamic dress has been ignorantly left and provide this as the basic data for Islamic fashion design. This treatise restricts the Islamic scope into the southeast Asia and confuted the study referring to Islam related books, treatise, domestic and foreign fashion magazines as well as newspaper articles, Internet and screen materials. The study results are as follows: Commonly Islam as a term of religious scope means complex cultural body based on Islam. 1. The Islamic social and cultural images were categorized as (1) conservative and sexual (2) simple, static, decorative and rhythmical (3) dark, violent, bright and amusing image. 2. Islamic nations' style of dress was characterized (1) surface decorative dress (2) practical outer garment (3) trousers style. 3. Both men and women basically put on trousers in children's stories and animations. In case of women, they wear skirts and according a social standing, tunic and caftan style jackets. As for men and women, Dey both wear turbans or chadors but in particular, wealthy classes put on a distinguishable turbans and chadors with splendid accessories. 4. The characteristics of Islamic fashion are lace decoration around a sleeve and the waist or blouse and harem pants with a elastic cord. In addition, they are splendid necklace and ring earings looking old, accessories with big pendants and dragging belts. These examples are shown in collections and streets.