• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.9A no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2002

As network environments have been improved and the use of internet has been increased, mobile agent technologies are widely used in the fields of information retrieval, network management, electronic commerce, and parallel/distributed processing. Recently, a lot of researchers have studied the concepts of parallel/distributed processing based on mobile agents. SPMD is the parallel processing method which transmits a program to all the computers participated in parallel environment, and performs a work with different data. Therefore, to transmit fast a program to all the computers is one of important factors to reduce total execution time. In this paper, we consider the parallel environment consisting of mobile agents system, and propose a new method which transmits fast a mobile agent code to all the computers using binomial trees in order to efficiently perform the SPMD parallel processing. The proposed method is compared with another ones through experimental evaluation on the IBM's Aglets, and gets greatly better performance. Also this paper deals with fault tolerances which can be occurred in transmitting a mobile agent using binomial trees.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4 s.109
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• pp.373-377
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• 2004

Since, in 1970, diatoms and diatom indices was first used in measuring quality of streams and rivers at the Seine Water Agency in France, five other water agencies began to show interests since 1990. In 1994, associated with CEMAGREF (Centre National du Machinisme Agricole du Genie Rural et des Eaux et des Forets : environmental science and expertise for the sustainable management of land and water), the six French Water Agencies (Seine, Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse, Artois- Picardie, Loire-Bretagne, Rhin-Meuse and Adour-Garonne) developed a practical diatom index, which is liable to be used routinely in the territorial streams and rivers of whole France, and which is liable to promote and facilitate its use in monitoring water networks. In 1995, the first version of a biological diatom index (IBD) was generated by them. Since then, the software update for IBD calculation and the user's network have led to numerous practical applications in France. Furthermore, the Water Agencies have run applicable programs on the National Basin Network from 1996, and the initial data set of IBD was completed. Re- examination of the complete data set was done at the end of 1998, and the tests on different calculation options of the IBD led to a third version of this index in June,2000 (AFNOR NF T 90-354).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2009

In the present work, the metabolic network of primary metabolism of the slow-growing myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum was reconstructed from the annotated genome sequence of the type strain So ce56. During growth on glucose as the carbon source and asparagine as the nitrogen source, So ce56 showed a very low growth rate of $0.23\;d^{-1}$, equivalent to a doubling time of 3 days. Based on a complete stoichiometric and isotopomer model of the central metabolism, $^{13}C$ metabolic flux analysis was carried out for growth with glucose as carbon and asparagine as nitrogen sources. Normalized to the uptake flux for glucose (100%), cells recruited glycolysis (51%) and the pentose phosphate pathway (48%) as major catabolic pathways. The Entner-Doudoroff pathway and glyoxylate shunt were not active. A high flux through the TCA cycle (118%) enabled a strong formation of ATP, but cells revealed a rather low yield for biomass. Inspection of fluxes linked to energy metabolism revealed that S. cellulosum utilized only 10% of the ATP formed for growth, whereas 90% is required for maintenance. This explains the apparent discrepancy between the relatively low biomass yield and the high flux through the energy-delivering TCA cycle. The total flux of NADPH supply (216%) was higher than the demand for anabolism (156%), indicating additional reactions for balancing of NADPH. The cells further exhibited a highly active metabolic cycle, interconverting $C_3$ and $C_4$ metabolites of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The present work provides the first insight into fluxes of the primary metabolism of myxobacteria, especially for future investigation on the supply of cofactors, building blocks, and energy in myxobacteria, producing natural compounds of biotechnological interest.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

Mobile IP was proposed to overcome identity problem of original IP address system caused by mobility of wireless mobile host. To complete its network handoff procedure, it must receive a mobile advertisement broadcasted by mobile agent. Generally, in a mobile IP system, mean time delay, 500ms, in a network handoff procedure is a critical problem of wireless service such as Voip, multimedia streaming. A caching agent caches a latest mobile advertisement, and replays it by receiving solicitation message from a mobile node finishing link layer detection. But, during the procedure of mobile registration, many packets from service provider to the mobile host would be lost and handoff time delay would be increased. In this thesis, we propose an unproved caching agent technique which can forward data packets while handoff procedure, and CoA pool for fast mobile IP registration.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

We consider a receiving node, located at the origin, and a Poisson point process (PPP) that models the locations of the desired transmitter as well as the interferers. Interference is known to be non-Gaussian in this scenario. The capacity bounds for additive non-Gaussian channels depend not only on the power of interference (i.e., up to second order statistics) but also on its entropy power which is influenced by higher order statistics as well. Therefore, a complete statistical characterization of interference is required to obtain the capacity bounds. While the statistics of sum of signal and interference is known in closed form, the statistics of interference highly depends on the location of the desired transmitter. In this paper, we show that there is a tradeoff between entropy power of interference on the one hand and signal and interference power on the other hand which have conflicting effects on the channel capacity. We obtain closed form results for the cumulants of the interference, when the desired transmitter node is an arbitrary neighbor of the receiver. We show that to find the cumulants, joint statistics of distances in the PPP will be required which we obtain in closed form. Using the cumulants, we approximate the interference entropy power and obtain bounds on the capacity of the channel between an arbitrary transmitter and the receiver. Our results provide insight and shed light on the capacity of links in a Poisson network. In particular, we show that, in a Poisson network, the closest hop is not necessarily the highest capacity link.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2020

With the proposal-agreement procedure, RSTP can reduce the network recovery time to 400 ms or less in the case of 40 bridges. While the legacy RSTP reverts the previous agreement at the bridge with the alternate port role in the ring during the fault recovery, a new position based fast fault recovery procedure is proposed in this paper to guarantee a single proposal-agreement transaction which can provide more faster recovery. By knowing the relative position of the faulty link or bridge in hops, the bridge on the middle of the ring can complete the recovery procedure without revert. The performance of proposed procedure is numerically calculated and verified by simulation and the result shows that the recovery time can be reduced up to 100 ms, which is 1/4 times of the legacy RSTP.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.893-900
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• 2019

This paper deals with the analysis of SON (Self Organization Network) technology in LTE networks. SON is a unique LTE feature compared to previous cellular systems UMTS and GSM, and is a cost-effective tool for achieving the best performance in a changing environment. In addition, SON has the function of automating the settings of the network, enabling centralized planning and reducing the need for manual tasks. SON is largely divided into three categories: Self-Configuration, Self-Optimization, and Self-Healing. Each large category has a detailed description, and all the technologies in each category come together to complete the technology called SON. In this paper, we analyzed intensively about ANR among the techniques of Self-Configuration in each of the three categories.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.825-834
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• 2021

With the development of various devices and Internet platforms, production and demand for content are increasing rapidly. However, effective response to exponentially increasing data usage is difficult in current TCP/IP schemes. As a result, with the emergence of an alternative called CCN, data can be transmitted and received from the host-centered to the content-oriented, and large-capacity content can be handled with more mitigated network resources. In this paper, we will address intermediate node mobility, which is one of the areas studied in CCN. In CCN, real-time services are a very important factor for information providers as well as requestors. However, when a node departure situation occurs, packet transmission and transmission speed decreases. Therefore, to ensure these numbers, even if the intermediate node deviates using a dual path, it provides a complete QoS (Quality of Service) using an alternative path.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.191-202
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• 2021

This research was conducted with the aim to appraise the level of satisfaction of students and faculty members with the services of the Deanship of e-Learning and Distance Education at Umm Al-Qura University. In addition, it investigated any differences arising between the evaluation of students and faculty members for these services owing to their gender..To achieve these goals, a descriptive analysis methodology was used in this research. The sample comprised 1357 students (704 male and 653 female) and 372 faculty members (208 male and 164 female) from Umm Al-Qura University in the academic year 2020-2021. To collect the requisite data, the study participants were asked to complete a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, and the validity and reliability of the data were then assessed. The findings revealed the existence of a high level of satisfaction of students and faculty members with the services of Deanship of e-Learning and Distance Education at Umm Al-Qura University. There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of students (male/female) at Umm Al-Qura University in evaluating the said services. Furthermore, there are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of faculty members (male/female) at Umm Al-Qura University in evaluating these. There exist statistically significant differences between the mean scores of faculty members and students in the evaluation of the services of the Deanship for the benefit of faculty members.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

This paper deals with damage detection using a Gapped Smoothing Method (GSM) combined with deep learning. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a model of deep learning. CNN has an input layer, an output layer, and a number of hidden layers that consist of convolutional layers. The input layer is a tensor with shape (number of images) × (image width) × (image height) × (image depth). An activation function is applied each time to this tensor passing through a hidden layer and the last layer is the fully connected layer. After the fully connected layer, the output layer, which is the final layer, is predicted by CNN. In this paper, a complete machine learning system is introduced. The training data was taken from a Finite Element (FE) model. The input images are the contour plots of curvature gapped smooth damage index. A free-free beam is used as a case study. In the first step, the FE model of the beam was used to generate data. The collected data were then divided into two parts, i.e. 70% for training and 30% for validation. In the second step, the proposed CNN was trained using training data and then validated using available data. Furthermore, a vibration experiment on steel damaged beam in free-free support condition was carried out in the laboratory to test the method. A total number of 15 accelerometers were set up to measure the mode shapes and calculate the curvature gapped smooth of the damaged beam. Two scenarios were introduced with different severities of the damage. The results showed that the trained CNN was successful in detecting the location as well as the severity of the damage in the experimental damaged beam.