• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제9D권6호
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2002

무선 네트워킹 기술과 통신기기의 발달로 이동 컴퓨팅 환경이 보편화됨에 따라 제한된 대역폭의 절감과 빠른 응답시간, 그리고 확장성을 위해 이동 호스트는 지역 캐쉬를 이용한다. 이때 이동 호스트와 지구국간에 캐쉬된 데이터의 일관성 유지가 필요하며 이에 따라 많은 기법이 제안되고 있다. 기존의 일관성 기법은 탐지기반의 기법들이 수로 사용되며 잦은 접속단절을 고려해 주기적인 무효화 메시지를 브로드캐스트 하여 캐쉬 일관성을 유지한다. 하지만 이러한 기법들은 데이터의 정확성 검사에 따른 전송 메시지 수의 증가나 지연을 통한 철회 단계를 증가시키며 이동 호스트에 캐쉬된 데이터를 삭제함에 따라 자치성과 확장성이 떨어진다. 본 논문에서 제안된 기법은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 페이지 요청 또는 완료시 갱신 연산이 일어난 객체에 대해 갱신 빈도를 참조하여 수행하도록 하였다. 따라서, 갱신 연산이 이루어지는 경우 비동기적으로 갱신 빈도에 따른 갱신의도 선언 또는 갱신을 선택적으로 수행할 수 있어 응답이 빠르고 철회 단계가 감소하는 장점을 갖는다. 또한 접속단절 이후 일괄적으로 진행되는 주기적인 무효화 메시지에 대해서도 갱신 빈도에 따라 선택적으로 삭제 또는 전파를 수행함으로써 자치성과 확장성을 높였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.512-527
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• 2001

클라이언트-서버 공간 데이터베이스에서는 대용량의 공간 데이터를 네트웍을 통해 접근하는 과부하를 피하기 위해 캐쉬를 사용한다. 이 논문은 클라이언트에서 지도를 수정하는 변경트랜잭션들의 동시성 지원과 일관성 제어 문제를 다룬다. 지도를 수정하는 클라이언트 트랜잭션은 화면을 통해 대화식으로 진행되는 긴 트랜잭션이며, 변경 대상인 공간 객체는 공간 관련성에 의한 종속성을 가지는 특징이 있다. 또한, 캐쉬의 동적 중복에 대한 일관성을 제어하기 위해서는 변경 후 서버 뿐만 아니라 다른 클라이언트들로 전파가 필요하며, 이러한 변경 전파로 인한 통신 부하는 캐쉬의 이점을 잃지 않도록 최소화 되어야한다. 이 논문은 CR 잠금과 CX 잠금을 이용한 캐쉬 영역 잠금법을 제시하여 공간 관련성에 의한 변경 종속성을 해결한다. 또한, CS 잠금 및 COD 잠금을 제시하여 낙관적인 탐지기반 기법 으로 일관성 제어를 지원함으로써 클라이언트들의 메시지 부하 최소화를 지원한다. 그리고, 이러한 확장된 잠금을 적용한 공간 관련성 기반 2PC 프로토콜을 통하여 긴 트랜잭션들 간 의 정확한 지도 수정을 보장한다.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제60호
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• pp.133-173
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• 2018

본 연구는 노후소득보장체계의 핵심인 공적연금에 해당하는 북한 년로년금에 대해 공간(公刊) 문헌에 기초하여 제도를 분석하고 북한이탈주민 인터뷰를 통해 실태를 파악함으로써 제도와실태 간 일치 및 괴리를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구방법은 1945년부터 2013년까지 사회보장과 관련된 북한 법령과 북한 사전(정치사전, 경제사전, 재정금융사전, 조선대백과사전)을 활용한 문헌분석 및 눈덩이 표집방법을 활용한 25명의 북한이탈주민 면접자료의질적 분석이다. 연구결과, 북한 년로년금의 제도와 실태는 일부에서만 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 사회주의 국가체제에서 국가책임의 공적연금이 제대로 작동하지 않을 경우 결국 가족의 역할이 강조될 수밖에 없다. 본 연구의 학술적 함의로는 다양한 북한 원자료에 기초한 연금제도 이해와 북한이탈주민 인터뷰를 통한 실태 해석이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과물이 통일시대 노후소득보장 체계 구축에서 가족, 시장, 국가 간의 균형을 찾는데 기여할 수있을 것이다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2015

This study compares two generalized Lindley distributions and assesses consistency between theoretical and analytical results. Data (complete and censored) assumed to follow the Lindley distribution are generated and analyzed using two generalized Lindley distributions, and maximum likelihood estimates of parameters from the generalized distributions are obtained. Size and power of tests of hypotheses on the parameters are assessed drawing on asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimates. Results suggest that whereas size of some of the tests of hypotheses based on the considered generalized distributions are essentially ${\alpha}$-level, some are possibly not; power of tests of hypotheses on the Lindley distribution parameter from the two distributions differs.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.267-269
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• 2009

Incomplete knowledge instances may be registered from misidentifications of sensors, such as vision sensor. In previous study, we proposed robust object instance registration method to robot centered knowledge framework to guarantee the consistency of the registered knowledge. In real environment, a persistent update is necessary due to the objects can be moved dynamically. In this paper, we propose the way to update robot knowledge continually using the registration method. Our experiment in this paper shows that sound and complete knowledge can be registered and updated by the proposed method, even under imperfect sensing data.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.427-440
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• 2000

The formulas for the perturbation analysis with modes of close eigenvalues are derived in this paper. Emphasis is made on the consistency of the straightforward perturbation process, given the complete terms of perturbations in the zeroth-order, which is a form of Rayleigh quotient, and in the higher-orders. By dividing the perturbation of eigenvector into two parts, the first-order perturbation with respect to the modes of close eigenvalues is moved into the zeroth-order perturbation. The normality condition is employed to compute the higher-order perturbations of eigenvector. The algorithm can be condensed to a single mode with a distinct eigenvalue, and this can accelerate the convergence of the perturbation analysis. The example confirms that the perturbation approximation obtained from the suggested procedure is in a good accuracy on the eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and normality.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Objectives : The aims of the current study were to assess the reliability and validity of the CoRe-Ditec-BS Questionnaire-II (BSQ-II; Blood stasis questionnaire-II) with 8 items including 5 items related women added to BSQ-I that was consisted of 36 items and developed in 2013. Methods : Between May 2014 and November 2014, 411 patients from 3 traditional Korean medical hospitals were asked to complete the BSQ-II. Each patient was independently diagnosed with BSS by two traditional Korean medical physicians from the same site. We estimated the internal consistency using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, the discriminant validity using the means score of BSS, and the predictive validity using logistic regression (sensitivity and specificity). Results : The BSQ-II had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient=0.765) and validity, with significant differences in the mean scores between the BSS($63.60{\pm}9.56$) and non-BSS groups($48.36{\pm}5.93$). The area under the receiver operating curve was about 98%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.4% and 94.9%, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that the CoRE-Ditec-BSQ-II is more reliable and valid instrument for estimating BSS than BSQ-I.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to determine whether two methods of documentation, print and electronic forms, for the assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in complete denture wearers provide comparable results. The study also quantified the time needed for filling the forms by each method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty participants enrolled in a university clinic answered two forms (a questionnaire for denture satisfaction and OHIP-EDENT). They provided answers with two application methods in a random order, with a one-month interval between them: (1) electronic forms on a tablet computer; and (2) print forms. The methods were compared in terms of mean results, correlation/agreement, internal consistency, and spent time. RESULTS. Mean results for both methods were similar for each denture satisfaction item (100-mm VAS) and OHIP-EDENT summary score. Both questionnaires presented good internal consistency regardless of the application method (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.86$ or higher). Correlation and agreement between the methods regarding specific items was at least moderate for the majority of cases. Mean time for the electronic and print forms were 9.2 and 8.5 minutes, respectively (paired t test, P=.06, non-significant). CONCLUSION. The electronic method is comparable to print forms for the assessment of important PRO of prosthetic treatment for edentulism, considering the results and time needed. Findings suggest the viability of replacing print forms with a tablet for applying the tested inventories in clinical trials.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1355-1359
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• 2004

Japanese Black cattle of Hyogo prefecture (Tajima strain) are famous for its ability to produce high-quality meat and have been maintained as a closed system for more than 80 years. In order to assess the usefulness of microsatellite markers in closed cattle populations, and evaluate the genetic structure of the Tajima strain, we analyzed representative dams of the Tajima strain comprised of the substrains Nakadoi and Kinosaki. Genetic variability analyses indicated low genetic diversity in the Tajima strain. In addition, a recent genetic bottleneck, which could be accounted for by the high level of inbreeding, was detected in both substrains. In phylogenetic analyses, relationship coefficients and genetic distances between individuals were calculated using pedigree and microsatellite information. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed from microsatellite and pedigree information using the UPGMA method. Both trees illustrated that most individuals were distinguished clearly on the basis of the two substrains, although in the microsatellite tree some individuals appeared in clusters of different substrains. Comparing the two phylogenetic trees revealed good consistency between the microsatellite analysis tree and the pedigree information. The correlation coefficient between genetic distances derived from microsatellite and pedigree information was 0.686 with a high significance level (p<0.001). These results indicated that microsatellite information may provide data substantially equivalent to pedigree information even in unusually inbred herds of cattle, and suggested that microsatellite markers may be useful in revealing genetic structure without accurate or complete pedigree nformation. Japanese Black cattle of Hyogo prefecture (Tajima strain) are famous for its ability to produce high-quality meat and have been maintained as a closed system for more than 80 years. In order to assess the usefulness of microsatellite markers in closed cattle populations, and evaluate the genetic structure of the Tajima strain, we analyzed representative dams of the Tajima strain comprised of the substrains Nakadoi and Kinosaki. Genetic variability analyses indicated low genetic diversity in the Tajima strain. In addition, a recent genetic bottleneck, which could be accounted for by the high level of inbreeding, was detected in both substrains. In phylogenetic analyses, relationship coefficients and genetic distances between individuals were calculated using pedigree and microsatellite information. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed from microsatellite and pedigree information using the UPGMA method. Both trees illustrated that most individuals were distinguished clearly on the basis of the two substrains, although in the microsatellite tree some individuals appeared in clusters of different substrains. Comparing the two phylogenetic trees revealed good consistency between the microsatellite analysis tree and the pedigree information. The correlation coefficient between genetic distances derived from microsatellite and pedigree information was 0.686 with a high significance level (p<0.001). These results indicated that microsatellite information may provide data substantially equivalent to pedigree information even in unusually inbred herds of cattle, and suggested that microsatellite markers may be useful in revealing genetic structure without accurate or complete pedigree information.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.446-456
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• 2014

Purpose: Purpose: This study was undertaken to develop directions for research on nursing practice education and also for standardization of contents of Fundamental Nursing Practice (FNP) by identifying and analyzing the present content and inconsistency in FNP textbooks. Method: Eleven FNP textbooks published between 2007 and 2013 were selected and itemized nursing contents were compared and analyzed. Nursing professors and practicingnurses prioritized contents identified from an actual condition survey based on theoretical reason and clinical guides for each item. Results: Inconsistencies were found for 34 domains with 219 sub items and of them, 21 domains and 84 items needed to be standardized. Number of items that showed consistency between professors and nurses ($ICC{\geq}.800$) was 29 (34.5%) and for complete consistency (ICC=1), 4 (4.8%). Number of items that showed inconsistency between the groups (ICC<.600) was 30 (35.7%) and very low consistency (ICC=0), 10 (11.9%). Conclusion: The results indicate a difference between understood validity of content by professors and by nurses and technical differences among FNP textbooks. Therefore confirmation of the items needing to be standardized and differences in understanding content by professors and by nurses shows a need for standardization of practice education between course and clinical practice. These results provide basic data for developing standardized form of FNP education.