• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-39
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• 1988

Test colors are halftone dot printed at the rate of 10% halftone dot area by process inksblack, cyan, magenta and yellow ink. Reproduced colors are measured by the weighted-ordinate colorimetric method and the direct colorimetric method. The weighted-ordinate colorimetric method compare favorably with the direct colorimetric method, because the former has good regular changes of tristimuIus values, chromacity coordinates, excitation purities, value functions and has smaller errors of dominant and complementary wavelengths than the latter. All test colors classify with the Munsell renotation.tation.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.1437-1443
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• 2000

This paper considers a channel estimation technique in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system with complementary code keying (CCK) signaling over multipath fading channels. This scheme uses the maximum correlator output of RAKE receiver for the extraction of the channel parameters. The performance of the proposed detection technique is compared with that of a noncoherent detection technique, and a significant improvement of performance is observed in terms of the bit error probability.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2010

The energy efficiency of wireless infrastructure and terminals has been drawing renewed attention of late, due to their significant environmental cost. Emerging green communication paradigms such as cognitive radios, are also imposing the additional requirement of flexibility. This dual requirement of energy efficiency and flexibility poses new design challenges for implementing radio functional blocks. This paper focuses on the area vs. power trade-offs for the type of channel filters that are required in the digital frontend of a flexible, energy-efficient radio. In traditional CMOS circuits, increased area was traded for reduced dynamic power consumption. With leakage power emerging as the dominant mode of power consumption in nanoscale CMOS, these trade-offs must be revisited due to the strong correlation between area and leakage power. The current work discusses how the increased timing slacks obtained by increasing the parallelism can be exploited for overall power reduction even in nanoscale circuits. In this context the paper introduces the notion of 'area efficiency' and a metric for evaluating it. The proposed metric has also been used to compare the area efficiencies of different classes of time-shared filters.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2012

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence and utilization pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods : We conducted a nationwide survey and a total of 535 individuals with type 2 diabetes were asked about their demographic, diabetes-related characteristics and CAM use. We used multiple logistic regression modeling to determine independent predictors of CAM use. Results : Of the 535 subjects, 417 (77.9%) used CAM in last 12 months. The most commonly used modality was red ginseng (17.9%). CAM use was independently associated with being married, northern area residence, higher education and diabetes duration of 3-5 years. More than half(58.3%) of the CAM users used it expecting a better outcome in addition to conventional therapy. Information sources about CAM were mostly friends (36.0%) and family (31.9%), only 28.1% of diabetic patients seek counsel from medical doctors or oriental medical doctors about CAM. Many people perceived CAM as effective (62.7%) and reported side effects only rarely (1.2%). Conclusions : Many diabetic patients used CAM and found it effective, which urges clinicians to pay attention to CAM use of their diabetic patients. Also, further studies are required regarding efficacy and safety about CAM.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1354-1365
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• 2002

With the appearance of many new types of fashion stores in Korea, competitions among fashion store types art fiercer than ever before. As consumers alternatives in fashion store selection increase, they select different store types to purchase different product types. Therefore, the probability of patronage mix behavior according to product type increases. Understanding consumers patronage mix behavior, finding out the determinant attributes of fashion stores for each product type, and analyzing competitive structures among fashion stores are important to retailers and marketers for building a successful merchandising and marketing strategies. An empirical study was conducted to analyze the competitive structure among the store types by consumers' patronage mix behavior. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected from 464 adult women living in Seoul area in Korea. Factor analysis, paired t-test, ANOVL Duncan test, and discriminant analysis were employed to analyze the data. Data regarding patronage mix behavior by product type proved that certain store types had ‘natural dominance’ in a particular product type as Hirschman(l978) pointed out. Also, a new analytic method of the competitive structures among fashion store types was suggested in the study, by which a specific store type retailer can analyze his/her own customers' patronage mix behavior by product type. The analysis will enable retailers to distinguish which of their competitors are substitutive, selling same product types, and which are complementary, selling different product types. Retailers have to concentrate on the strategies for the substitutive competitors rather than complementary competitors because their marketing abilities and resources are limited.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.488-496
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for diabetic patients in Busan. The subjects were 227 patients at two general hospitals (over 400 bed). This study was performed through the interviewing process using questionnaires conducted from January to April, 2010. Of a total of subjects, 109 patients (48.0%) had taken CAM at least one time. The patients used CAM recognized that they were 'auxiliary medicines' (39.4%), 'supplementary health foods' (32.1%) and 'medicines' (19.3%), but inexperienced patients perceived them as 'supplementary health foods' (29.6%), 'unscientific treatment' (22.6%) and 'medicines' (20.2%), It was significantly different between two groups of patients (p < 0.001). The number of CAM types used for the patients was 51. The CAM types were plant foods (64.3%), dietary supplement (23.6%) and animal diets (12.1%). The patients used an average of 5.9 different kinds of CAM and an average of 3.8 years them and paid \93,345 per month. The patients with diabetic complications and for longer morbidity periods used CAM for significantly (p < 0.05) longer periods. The mean effectiveness scores of the patients used CAM were 3.31/5.00 for efficacy satisfaction, 3.58/5.00 for fewer side effects compared to those of oral drugs, 3.60/5.00 for psychological stability, 3.81/5.00 for easiness to use, and 3.06/5.00 for economic satisfaction. Of the patients that used CAM, 55.9% did not consult with doctors about CAM. More than two-thirds of the patients (77.1%) did not feel the need to consult with doctors.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.215-237
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• 2011

한-중-일 3국간 무역형태는 각국의 산업구조 변화를 반영하여 무역수지가 고착화되고 또한 상호간 수출입 품목의 우선순위도 조정되어 왔다. 따라서 이와 같은 무역환경을 감안하여 새로운 형태의 무역정책을 수립 및 시행하는 것이 중요한 경제현안으로 부상하게 되었다. 본 연구는 공적분추정과 오차수정모형을 활용하여 한국, 중국, 및 일본간 수출입의 대체 보완성을 실증적으로 분석하려는 시도이다. 실증분석결과에 의하면 한-중-일 3국간 수출입의 경우 단기적으로는 보완관계를 유지하면서 상호간의 수출증대에 기여하는 측면이 있지만, 장기적으로는 한-중-일 3국 모두 대체관계를 형성하고 있어서 상호간의 수출을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 우리나라 무역정책의 경우 단기적으로는 시장에 의존하는 수출입 정책을 채택해도 무리가 없겠지만 장기적으로는 중국이나 일본과의 무역에서 대체관계에 따른 수출 감소에 대비할 수 있는 정책을 수행하여야 할 것이다. 즉, 한-중-일 3국간 무역에서 단기적으로는 기존의 산업구조를 바탕으로 시장에 영향을 미치는 환율정책이나 무역정책을 중심으로 운용해도 무리가 없겠지만 중장기적으로 무역구조에 영향을 미치는 산업구조의 개편이나 한-중-일 3국간 FTA 체결 등은 대체관계를 고려해서 추진하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2002

공동도급은 상호 수행하기를 원하는 프로젝트가 있을 때, 시장성확보, 조직, 프로젝트 수행 등의 이유로 룰 이상의 회사가 함께 힘을 합쳐 조직을 구성하는 것을 말한다. 공동도급은 상호 보완하는 것에 기초하게 되는데 기술력, 설계-시공능력, 지리적 위치, 자본력 등 수주를 하기 위하여 반드시 필요한 요소가 부족할 때 이러한 취약성을 극복하기 위하여 만들어지는 것이 기본적인 취지이다. 본 연구의 목적은 효율적인 공동도급 운영모델에 관한 연구로서 국내 대규모 건축공사 사례를 중심으로 공동도급의 발전 방향을 제시하고 합리적인 조직을 구성하는 대안를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.514-521
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• 2017

Spinach is a vegetable crop which is widely grown over a large area especially in Punjab province of Pakistan. Leaf curling and enations on spinach plant collected shown to be associated with the begomovirus Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) and Shahdadpur strain of Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite ($CLCuMB^{Sha}$). Defective molecules of half and quarter size derived from monopartite begomoviruses are usually generated by the deletion of virion-sense sequences. Characterization of defective molecules of PeLCV from spinach revealed that the molecules of half the size are derived from the deletion of complementary-sense genes while quarter size molecule appears to have evolved by further deletion. This is the first report of the begomovirus-betasatellite complex on spinach and unusual defective molecules derived from deletion of complementary-sense genes in Pakistan.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Objectives: Many countries have been using Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for treating cancer and it has been given more weight than before. This study aimed to look into its current status and perspective way to suggest the way which Korean oriental medicine goes to. Methods: We searched internet web sites that are relative with CAM in oncology parts and made lists for this study. We downloaded the essays in the form of electronic files in that web sites and copied the originals consulting to each libraries and relative institution. Results: North America was processing the standardization of CAM based evidences and China was making their traditional medicine representative medicine of CAM. India was developing their traditional medicine because of their domestic need and its results were recognized by National Cancer Institute (NCI). CAM was regulated and studied legally in Europe. Japan was using mushroom for immune therapy clinically. Mexico had a large scale of medical valley in Tijuana area and made it international. Conclusions: The efforts to develop and study CAM for treating cancer are increasing in the world. We need to know the current status of CAM in the world, and make our way that Korean oriental medicine goes to.