• Title/Summary/Keyword: Competitor analysis

Search Result 100, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

A Study on Exit Delay of Dominant Technology in Technology Competition: Focused on Sailing Ship Effect (기술경쟁에서 구기술의 퇴출 지연 현상에 관한 연구: 범선 효과를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Da-Seul;Kim, Kyung-Ho;Jun, Seung-Pyo
    • Journal of Technology Innovation
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.119-147
    • /
    • 2014
  • Technology competition is becoming a core element to get a competitive advantage in the market economy and its importance has been growing rapidly. Therefore, lots of studies on technology competition have been conducted and diversified. We focused on 'Sailing ship effect' which accelerates innovation in the old technology in response to the threat of the new technology. We found that previous studies had suggested the factors causing 'Sailing ship effect' from the viewpoint of either market or competitor. However, there are a lot of limitations to analyse the status and establish strategies. Hence, we hereby suggest a new technology competition analysis model considering market, technology and especially competitors at once by classifying the results of technology competition: 1) Replacement, 2) Status Quo, 3) Co-existence, and 4) Sailing ship effect. In this paper, we apply three cases to the suggested model in order to judge whether it is reasonable or not and confirm that it explains many cases related to 'exit delay' of a dominant technology. We expect this study will contribute to forecasting the results of technology competition and establish a response strategy if it enters into general use.

The Impacts of Education Service Quality in the Traditional Market Merchant College on Business Performance (전통시장 상인대학 교육서비스 품질이 경영성과에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Dong-Gyu;Hwang, Hee-Jung;Song, In-Am
    • Journal of Distribution Science
    • /
    • v.11 no.10
    • /
    • pp.81-92
    • /
    • 2013
  • Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effect of improvements in the quality of service management performance of college education on traders' conscious change of business management innovation and diverse sales expertise for a year. The use of traders' conscious changes and sales expertise as variables for the verification of the effects of parameters related to the active trader's traditional education market is a desirable direction. The method of research reflects the quality of education service, management result, traders' conscious changes, and sales expertise to understand the precise essence and definition of teaching quality at merchant colleges through theoretical consideration. Moreover, its impact on traders' conscious changes and sales expertise in empirical analysis acts as an intermediary. Research design, data, methodology - The hypothesis of this study leverages the SPSS statistical program. To gather actual proof, sample survey for theoretical research examined 262 valid papers of the 300 papers written by 10 merchants who graduated from merchant's university. First, using the SERVQUAL model, Parasuraman et al. (1996) indicated that for quality of education service, the configuration of factors is the same as the sympathetic performance, that is, responsiveness and empathy, and traders are aware of these elements. However, our preliminary investigation revealed that traders' university education has been excluded as a component of quality of service in the earlier studies. Moreover, we found that certainty of knowledge, reliability, and sympathy are influenced by challenges and by the changing intentions of merchant consciousness. In addition, our study confirms that improvements in convincing abilities and sales technique have a positive impact. Second, merchants' and traders' expertise are proven to affect business performance. In other words, university education of traders and merchants affects the consciousness of consumers, and changes patterns of sales. Third, the quality of service management education and change in the consciousness has a considerable impact on the trader, thereby maximizing business performance and acting as an intermediary for verification. Fourth, the quality of service management education affects the trader's sales expertise to maximize business performance. Results - To summarize, the quality of college educational services relates to the improvement of business performance and the role of the resulting virtuous cycle. Consequently, we can look for suggestions in the traditional markets, where the Government pays attention to the exterior environmental factors as well as to the changing business environment. However, the most important aspect is the merchant awareness. That is, a merchant should understand the distribution environment. Several competitor and trend analyses should be conducted to meet customers' expectations positively and proactively cope with any challenges related to changes. Further, expertise in sales and marketing skills need to be acquired to improve customer convincing abilities and develop a customer-oriented mindset. Conclusions - According to the changes in consumption trends of business enterprises, new management techniques are required to survive competition by improving traditional markets, which will necessitate more competitive education programs in merchant universities.

Comparison of Development and Marketing Strategies of Airbus and Boeing (에어버스와 보잉사의 대형민간항공기 개발 및 마케팅 전략 비교 연구)

  • 송춘영;허희영
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
    • /
    • v.34 no.6
    • /
    • pp.98-116
    • /
    • 2006
  • For the next two decades the civil aviation industry is expected to grow. Both Airbus and Boeing predict a delivery of almost 20,000 new Large Civil Aircraft (LCA). LCA is defined as a large civil jet aircraft with 100 seats or more. Airbus offers the Superjumbo, A380 (>555 seats), while Boeing presents the Dreamliner, B787 (200 – 300 seats). Their philosophies are very different. In the wake of B787, Airbus intends to offer a new aircraft, A350, as the competitor against B787, with the same engines developed for B787. The U.S. government pushed by Boeing, on the day of October 6, 2004, filed a suit against Airbus for wrongful subsidy to the World Trade Organization (WTO). A brief overview is given on the LCA development status in the world commercial aircraft market. Since there have been little changes in engine and avionics manufacturers in the LCA industry, the airframe area only is the object of this study. An analysis is carried out to find out the differences in development and marketing strategies of two major LCA manufacturers, Airbus and Boeing. The authors predict that Boeing will recapture its No. 1 position soon, while the leading edge in technology may be slipped away from Boeing.

Analysis of the Reason for ROK's Foreign Strategy Adjustment: The growing threat from DPRK under the U.S.-China strategic competition and its profound influences on the security situation in Northeast Asia (韩国对外战略调整的原因分析-美中战略竞争下不断增加的北韩威胁对东北亚安全局势带来的深远影响)

  • Dongchan Kim;Jangwon Lee
    • Analyses & Alternatives
    • /
    • v.7 no.3
    • /
    • pp.115-144
    • /
    • 2023
  • Under the Trump administration, the U.S. has made clear that "China is America's strategic competitor, revisionist power and a major challenge to America's prosperity and security." The Biden administration has largely inherited this perception of China. China has also responded without backing down. Therefore, the U.S.-China strategic competition has become the most important background factor in the international system and has a great impact on the security situation in Northeast Asia. Nevertheless, if you look at the recent process of establishing trilateral security cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan, we can find that ROK's foreign strategy adjustment has played a key role. This is because establishing trilateral security cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan depends on improving ROK-Japan relations. And the Yoon Suk Yeol government is pushing for rapid improvement in ROK-Japan relations regardless of domestic political constraints. The trilateral summit at Camp David laid the groundwork for future cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan in security and other broader areas. China is strongly dissatisfied with the formation of trilateral security cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan. However, this paper argues that although ROK agrees to form trilateral security cooperation with the U.S. and Japan, ROK's strategic objectives are not exactly the same as those of the U.S. and Japan. For example, looking back at the development of the U.S.-Japan alliance after the end of the Cold War, both the U.S. and Japan share similar views and perceptions of China's rise. The real goal of the strengthening of the U.S.-Japan alliance in recent years is also how to cope with China's rise. On the other hand, ROK's previous administrations have been negative about trilateral security cooperation with the U.S. and Japan. This is because ROK's main strategic goal is to reduce or eliminate threats from DPRK rather than respond to China. Faced with increasing DPRK's provocations and threats, more than half of South Koreans are in favor of reinforcing trilateral security cooperation with the U.S. and Japan to contain or mitigate threats from DPRK. As a result, if North Korea's nuclear and missile threats to ROK continue, then ROK's foreign strategy is likely to be to strengthen trilateral security cooperation between the U.S. and Japan to ensure its own safety and survival. If China wants to reduce the strategic pressure from the trilateral security cooperation among ROK, the U.S. and Japan, the best way is to reduce DPRK's provocations and threats to ROK and play a more substantive role in getting DPRK to give up its nuclear program.

Relations among Foodservice Quality between Customer Loyalty of High School Students in Busan Area (부산지역 일부 고등학생들의 급식서비스 품질과 고객충성과의 관계)

  • Kim, Sun-Hee;Kim, Hyun-Sook;Lyu, Eun-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.38 no.9
    • /
    • pp.1271-1278
    • /
    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was the improvement of satisfaction for school foodservice customers through analysis of the importance and performance of school foodservice quality and the understanding what factors affected customer's loyalty. The questionnaire was distributed to three hundred students at five high schools in Busan. Students evaluated the factors of importance and performance, the order of importance was sanitation> food> service and then, the order of performance was sanitation> service> food. Gap analysis resulted 4.39 for importance factors and 2.51 for performance factors; importance scores were higher than performance scores at all areas (p<0.01) and the sanitation factor gap was the biggest gap compared to all others. Each factor's analysis resulted that the gap analysis order was taste> balance of main & sub side dish> diversity of food in food area, quick react to customer complaint> reflection of customer proposal and recommendation> provide better service than competitor in service area, sanitation of food> cleanness of tableware> cleanness of container in sanitation area. The average score of customer's loyalty was 1.66 and female' score was significantly higher than male (p<0.001). Food, service and sanitation had a significant correlation to customer's loyalty than service (p<0.01), food (p<0.05), and sanitation (p<0.05) affected customer's loyalty significantly. So, intensive control is needed in the sanitation area which had the highest gap analysis result between importance and performance in food service. Especially, service factor was very important in explaining customer's loyalty, so service improvement through training is needed to improve student's satisfaction.

A Study on the Key Factors Affecting Big Data Use Intention of Agriculture Ventures in Terms of Technology, Organization and Environment: Focusing on Moderating Effect of Technical Field (농업벤처기업의 빅데이터 활용의도에 영향을 미치는 기술·조직·환경 관점의 핵심요인 연구: 기술분야의 조절효과를 중심으로)

  • Ahn, Mun Hyoung
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
    • /
    • v.16 no.6
    • /
    • pp.249-267
    • /
    • 2021
  • The use of big data accumulated along with the progress of digitalization is bringing disruptive innovation to the global agricultural industry. Recently, the government is establishing an agricultural big data platform and a support organization. However, in the domestic agricultural industry, the use of big data is insufficient except for some companies in the field of cultivation and growth. In this context, this study identifies factors affecting the intention to use big data in terms of technology, organization and environment, and also confirm the moderating effect of technical field, focusing on agricultural ventures which should be the main entities in creating innovation by using big data. Research data was obtained from 309 agricultural ventures supported by the A+ Center of FACT(Foundation of AgTech Commercialization and Transfer), and was analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0. As a result, Among technical factors, relative advantage and compatibility were found to have a significant positive (+) effect. Among organizational factors, it was found that management support had a positive (+) effect and cost had a negative (-) effect. Among environmental factors, policy support were found to have a positive (+) effect. As a result of the verification of the moderating effect of technology field, it was found that firms other than cultivation had a moderating effect that alleviated the relationship between all variables other than relative advantage, compatibility, and competitor pressure and the intention to use big data. These results suggest the following implications. First, it is necessary to select a core business that will provide opportunities to generate new profits and improve operational efficiency to agricultural ventures through the use of big data, and to increase collaboration opportunities through policy. Second, it is necessary to provide a big data analysis solution that can overcome the difficulties of analysis due to the characteristics of the agricultural industry. Third, in small organizations such as agricultural ventures, the will of the top management to reorganize the organizational culture should be preceded by a high level of understanding on the use of big data. Fourth, it is important to discover and promote successful cases that can be benchmarked at the level of SMEs and venture companies. Fifth, it will be more effective to divide the priorities of core business and support business by agricultural venture technology sector. Finally, the limitations of this study and follow-up research tasks are presented.

An Exploratory Study on the Competition Patterns Between Internet Sites in Korea (한국 인터넷사이트들의 산업별 경쟁유형에 대한 탐색적 연구)

  • Park, Yoonseo;Kim, Yongsik
    • Asia Marketing Journal
    • /
    • v.12 no.4
    • /
    • pp.79-111
    • /
    • 2011
  • Digital economy has grown rapidly so that the new business area called 'Internet business' has been dramatically extended as time goes on. However, in the case of Internet business, market shares of individual companies seem to fluctuate very extremely. Thus marketing managers who operate the Internet sites have seriously observed the competition structure of the Internet business market and carefully analyzed the competitors' behavior in order to achieve their own business goals in the market. The newly created Internet business might differ from the offline ones in management styles, because it has totally different business circumstances when compared with the existing offline businesses. Thus, there should be a lot of researches for finding the solutions about what the features of Internet business are and how the management style of those Internet business companies should be changed. Most marketing literatures related to the Internet business have focused on individual business markets. Specifically, many researchers have studied the Internet portal sites and the Internet shopping mall sites, which are the most general forms of Internet business. On the other hand, this study focuses on the entire Internet business industry to understand the competitive circumstance of online market. This approach makes it possible not only to have a broader view to comprehend overall e-business industry, but also to understand the differences in competition structures among Internet business markets. We used time-series data of Internet connection rates by consumers as the basic data to figure out the competition patterns in the Internet business markets. Specifically, the data for this research was obtained from one of Internet ranking sites, 'Fian'. The Internet business ranking data is obtained based on web surfing record of some pre-selected sample group where the possibility of double-count for page-views is controlled by method of same IP check. The ranking site offers several data which are very useful for comparison and analysis of competitive sites. The Fian site divides the Internet business areas into 34 area and offers market shares of big 5 sites which are on high rank in each category daily. We collected the daily market share data about Internet sites on each area from April 22, 2008 to August 5, 2008, where some errors of data was found and 30 business area data were finally used for our research after the data purification. This study performed several empirical analyses in focusing on market shares of each site to understand the competition among sites in Internet business of Korea. We tried to perform more statistically precise analysis for looking into business fields with similar competitive structures by applying the cluster analysis to the data. The research results are as follows. First, the leading sites in each area were classified into three groups based on averages and standard deviations of daily market shares. The first group includes the sites with the lowest market shares, which give more increased convenience to consumers by offering the Internet sites as complimentary services for existing offline services. The second group includes sites with medium level of market shares, where the site users are limited to specific small group. The third group includes sites with the highest market shares, which usually require online registration in advance and have difficulty in switching to another site. Second, we analyzed the second place sites in each business area because it may help us understand the competitive power of the strongest competitor against the leading site. The second place sites in each business area were classified into four groups based on averages and standard deviations of daily market shares. The four groups are the sites showing consistent inferiority compared to the leading sites, the sites with relatively high volatility and medium level of shares, the sites with relatively low volatility and medium level of shares, the sites with relatively low volatility and high level of shares whose gaps are not big compared to the leading sites. Except 'web agency' area, these second place sites show relatively stable shares below 0.1 point of standard deviation. Third, we also classified the types of relative strength between leading sites and the second place sites by applying the cluster analysis to the gap values of market shares between two sites. They were also classified into four groups, the sites with the relatively lowest gaps even though the values of standard deviation are various, the sites with under the average level of gaps, the sites with over the average level of gaps, the sites with the relatively higher gaps and lower volatility. Then we also found that while the areas with relatively bigger gap values usually have smaller standard deviation values, the areas with very small differences between the first and the second sites have a wider range of standard deviation values. The practical and theoretical implications of this study are as follows. First, the result of this study might provide the current market participants with the useful information to understand the competitive circumstance of the market and build the effective new business strategy for the market success. Also it might be useful to help new potential companies find a new business area and set up successful competitive strategies. Second, it might help Internet marketing researchers take a macro view of the overall Internet market so that make possible to begin the new studies on overall Internet market beyond individual Internet market studies.

  • PDF

International Success the Second Time Around: A Case Study (제이륜국제성공(第二轮国际成功): 일개안례연구(一个案例研究))

  • Colley, Mary Catherine;Gatlin, Brandie
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.173-178
    • /
    • 2010
  • A privately held, third generation family owned company, Boom Technologies, Inc. (BTI), a provider of products and services to the electric utility, telecommunications and contractor markets, continues to make progress in exporting. Although export sales only equaled 5% of total revenue in 2008, BTI has an entire export division. Their export division's Managing Director reveals the trial and errors of a privately held company and their quest for success overseas. From its inception, BTI has always believed its greatest asset is its employees. When export sales struggled due to lack of strategy and direction, BTI hired a Managing Director for its export division. With leadership and guidance from BTI's president and from the Managing Director, they utilized the department's skills and knowledge. Structural changes were made to expand their market presence abroad and increase export sales. As a result, export sales increased four-fold, area managers in new countries were added and distribution networks were successfully cultivated. At times, revenue generation was difficult to determine due to the structure of the company. Therefore, in 1996, the export division was restructured as a limited liability company. This allowed the company to improve the tracking of revenue and expenses. Originally, 80% of BTI's export sales came from two countries; therefore, the initial approach to selling overseas was not reaching their anticipated goals of expanding their foreign market presence. However, changes were made and now the company manages the details of selling to over 80 countries. There were three major export expansion challenges noted by the Managing Director: 1. Product and Shipping - The major obstacle for BTI was product assembly. Originally, the majority of the product was assembled in the United States, which increased shipping and packaging costs. With so many parts specified in the order, many times the order would arrive with parts missing. The missing parts could equate to tens of thousands of dollars. Shipping these missing parts separately in another shipment also cost tens of thousands of dollar, plus a delivery delay time of six to eight weeks; all of which came out of the BTI's pockets. 2. Product Adaptation - Safety and product standards varied widely for each of the 80 countries to which BTI exported. Weights, special licenses, product specification requirements, measurement systems, and truck stability can all differ from country to country and can serve as a type of barrier to entry, making it difficult to adapt products accordingly. Technical and safety standards are barriers that serve as a type of protection for the local industry and can stand in the way of successfully pursuing foreign markets. 3. Marketing Challenges - The importance of distribution creates many challenges for BTI as they attempt to determine how each country prefers to operate with regard to their distribution systems. Some countries have competition from a small competitor that only produces one competing product; whereas BTI manufactures over 100 products. Marketing material is another concern for BTI as they attempt to push marketing costs to the distributors. Adapting the marketing material can be costly in terms of translation and cultural differences. In addition, the size of paper in the United States differs from those in some countries, causing many problems when attempting to copy the same layout and With distribution being one of several challenges for BTI, the company claims their distribution network is one of their competitive advantages, as the location and names of their distributors are not revealed. In addition, BTI rotates two offerings yearly: training to their distributors one year and then the next is a distributor's meeting. With a focus on product and shipping, product adaptation, and marketing challenges, the intricacies of selling overseas takes time and patience. Another competitive advantage noted is BTI's cradle to grave strategy, where they follow the product from sale to its final resting place, whether the truck is leased or purchased new or used. They also offer service and maintenance plans with a detailed cost analysis provided to the company prior to purchasing or leasing the product. Expanding abroad will always create challenges for a company. As the Managing Director stated, "If you don't have patience (in the export business), you better do something else." Knowing how to adapt quickly provides BTI with the skills necessary to adjust to the changing needs of each country and its own unique challenges, allowing them to remain competitive.

CIA-Level Driven Secure SDLC Framework for Integrating Security into SDLC Process (CIA-Level 기반 보안내재화 개발 프레임워크)

  • Kang, Sooyoung;Kim, Seungjoo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
    • /
    • v.30 no.5
    • /
    • pp.909-928
    • /
    • 2020
  • From the early 1970s, the US government began to recognize that penetration testing could not assure the security quality of products. Results of penetration testing such as identified vulnerabilities and faults can be varied depending on the capabilities of the team. In other words none of penetration team can assure that "vulnerabilities are not found" is not equal to "product does not have any vulnerabilities". So the U.S. government realized that in order to improve the security quality of products, the development process itself should be managed systematically and strictly. Therefore, the US government began to publish various standards related to the development methodology and evaluation procurement system embedding "security-by-design" concept from the 1980s. Security-by-design means reducing product's complexity by considering security from the initial phase of development lifecycle such as the product requirements analysis and design phase to achieve trustworthiness of product ultimately. Since then, the security-by-design concept has been spread to the private sector since 2002 in the name of Secure SDLC by Microsoft and IBM, and is currently being used in various fields such as automotive and advanced weapon systems. However, the problem is that it is not easy to implement in the actual field because the standard or guidelines related to Secure SDLC contain only abstract and declarative contents. Therefore, in this paper, we present the new framework in order to specify the level of Secure SDLC desired by enterprises. Our proposed CIA (functional Correctness, safety Integrity, security Assurance)-level-based security-by-design framework combines the evidence-based security approach with the existing Secure SDLC. Using our methodology, first we can quantitatively show gap of Secure SDLC process level between competitor and the company. Second, it is very useful when you want to build Secure SDLC in the actual field because you can easily derive detailed activities and documents to build the desired level of Secure SDLC.

Dynamic Limit and Predatory Pricing Under Uncertainty (불확실성하(不確實性下)의 동태적(動態的) 진입제한(進入制限) 및 약탈가격(掠奪價格) 책정(策定))

  • Yoo, Yoon-ha
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.151-166
    • /
    • 1991
  • In this paper, a simple game-theoretic entry deterrence model is developed that integrates both limit pricing and predatory pricing. While there have been extensive studies which have dealt with predation and limit pricing separately, no study so far has analyzed these closely related practices in a unified framework. Treating each practice as if it were an independent phenomenon is, of course, an analytical necessity to abstract from complex realities. However, welfare analysis based on such a model may give misleading policy implications. By analyzing limit and predatory pricing within a single framework, this paper attempts to shed some light on the effects of interactions between these two frequently cited tactics of entry deterrence. Another distinctive feature of the paper is that limit and predatory pricing emerge, in equilibrium, as rational, profit maximizing strategies in the model. Until recently, the only conclusion from formal analyses of predatory pricing was that predation is unlikely to take place if every economic agent is assumed to be rational. This conclusion rests upon the argument that predation is costly; that is, it inflicts more losses upon the predator than upon the rival producer, and, therefore, is unlikely to succeed in driving out the rival, who understands that the price cutting, if it ever takes place, must be temporary. Recently several attempts have been made to overcome this modelling difficulty by Kreps and Wilson, Milgram and Roberts, Benoit, Fudenberg and Tirole, and Roberts. With the exception of Roberts, however, these studies, though successful in preserving the rationality of players, still share one serious weakness in that they resort to ad hoc, external constraints in order to generate profit maximizing predation. The present paper uses a highly stylized model of Cournot duopoly and derives the equilibrium predatory strategy without invoking external constraints except the assumption of asymmetrically distributed information. The underlying intuition behind the model can be summarized as follows. Imagine a firm that is considering entry into a monopolist's market but is uncertain about the incumbent firm's cost structure. If the monopolist has low cost, the rival would rather not enter because it would be difficult to compete with an efficient, low-cost firm. If the monopolist has high costs, however, the rival will definitely enter the market because it can make positive profits. In this situation, if the incumbent firm unwittingly produces its monopoly output, the entrant can infer the nature of the monopolist's cost by observing the monopolist's price. Knowing this, the high cost monopolist increases its output level up to what would have been produced by a low cost firm in an effort to conceal its cost condition. This constitutes limit pricing. The same logic applies when there is a rival competitor in the market. Producing a high cost duopoly output is self-revealing and thus to be avoided. Therefore, the firm chooses to produce the low cost duopoly output, consequently inflicting losses to the entrant or rival producer, thus acting in a predatory manner. The policy implications of the analysis are rather mixed. Contrary to the widely accepted hypothesis that predation is, at best, a negative sum game, and thus, a strategy that is unlikely to be played from the outset, this paper concludes that predation can be real occurence by showing that it can arise as an effective profit maximizing strategy. This conclusion alone may imply that the government can play a role in increasing the consumer welfare, say, by banning predation or limit pricing. However, the problem is that it is rather difficult to ascribe any welfare losses to these kinds of entry deterring practices. This difficulty arises from the fact that if the same practices have been adopted by a low cost firm, they could not be called entry-deterring. Moreover, the high cost incumbent in the model is doing exactly what the low cost firm would have done to keep the market to itself. All in all, this paper suggests that a government injunction of limit and predatory pricing should be applied with great care, evaluating each case on its own basis. Hasty generalization may work to the detriment, rather than the enhancement of consumer welfare.

  • PDF