• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2001

In this paper, a multiple comparison was proposed to minimize the amount of coolant. And new coolant level, called "low level", was suggested to show usefulness of multiple comparison for experiments. The amount of this levee is about 1/4 of conventional coolant amount-called "high level", and dry cutting is called "none level". Using these coolant levels, the cutting temperatures of each coolant level in turning process were analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOYA)-test and a multiple comparison. As the result of ANOVA-test, we have just known that the average of temperature of each coolant level is not equal. However by Tukey's HSD, one of multiple comparison. it was analyzed that the average of temperature of low level is similar to that of high levee and different from that of none level.erent from that of none level.

• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 2005년도 e-Biz World Conference 2005
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

This research describes the comparison broker's role and its effectiveness measurement using a developed logical framework of comparison shopping service. And verifies that seller-led comparison challenge method provide comparison information of products to buyers more efficiently. In electronic commerce, buyer's satisfaction of purchase (S) can be defined as an interactive function between seller's competitiveness vector (P) of products that supplied to the market, and buyer's informed level vector (B) of products that is known from a lot of sources. Then the buyer's informed level can be changed through the information analysis among products by transformation process using comparison matrix (C). So the role of comparison shopping is to construct a comparison matrix and to serve it to the buyers, and to change the buyer's informed level. The changed informed level influences a buyer's satisfaction, that improved satisfaction of purchase is defined as the effectiveness of comparison shopping. As a perfect provision and usage of comparison matrix is impossible cause of cognitive limit, the most efficient method for improving the comparison effectiveness is the comparison challenge that detects the comparison elements of the largest buyer's information efficiency, and then to be compared between elementary products selectively. This research verifies the substantial superiority of comparison challenge through television market data experiments.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.260-269
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the teachers' perception of the 7th curriculum implementation. The subjects were 540 elementary school teachers. Investigation was conducted with questionaires which have 40 questions in 4 domains about the 7th curriculum. The results of the study were as follows: First, teachers' perception level of curriculum implementation was mechanical use(level 3). Second, in the comparison of level by implementing domains, the domains of the essential, ideology, educational objectives and evaluation were lower than the domains of educational contents, teaching methods and materials. Third, in the comparison of teachers' personal characterristics, there was no difference between male and female in all domains. But, by teaching career, experienced teachers were higher level in all domains. Also by length of in-service training with the 7th curriculum, when they have longer in-service training, they showed a higher level of curriculum implementation.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2009

Purpose: The osmolar gap increases in proportion to the ethanol level. Some previous studies have shown that the correlation between the osmolar gap and the ethanol level is weak in trauma patient by using an indirect comparison with other patients. We conducted a direct comparison of the correlation of the osmolar gap to the ethanol level between trauma patients and non-trauma patients. We also analyzed the accuracy of the estimated ethanol level between the two groups. Methods: The research candidates were adult patients who had visited the emergency department of our hospital from December 2003 to November 2008. By using a retrospective chart review, we classified them into three subgroups: non-trauma without shock, trauma without shock, and trauma with shock. In each group, we compared the correlation between the osmolar gap and the measured ethanol level, and we analyzed the accuracy of the estimated ethanol level by using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. Results: Four hundred forty-seven patients were enrolled in this study. For correlation of the osmolar gap and the measured ethanol level, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.916 in all patients, 0.939 in non-trauma without shock patients, 0.917 in trauma without shock patients, and 0.844 in trauma with shock patients. In the analysis of the accuracy of the estimated ethanol level by using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, the accuracy in trauma with shock patients was lower than that in non-trauma without shock patients. Conclusion: We found that the correlation between the osmolar gap and the measured ethanol level in the patient group with trauma was lower than it was in the patient group without trauma. Moreover trauma patients with shock had a lower accuracy of the estimated ethanol level than non-trauma patients.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2002

In this paper we represented the results of surveying on the present condition of mathematics education and the contents of the mathematics text books that are usually taught in Art High Schools interest in mathematics subjects and to achieve the higher level of mathematical abilities. We would like to raise their interest in mathematics and to improve the efficiency of teaching level on the basis of the 7th Mathematics Curriculum Revision. Some suggestions are of offered by considering the level of their mathematical abilities in Art High Schools and the present contents of the mathematical subjects from following views ⑴ the aspect of studying method ⑵ the aspect of revising contents of mathematics textbooks for them ⑶ the aspect of educational policies for Art High Schools

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2013

This study aims on finding a direction of desirable space organization of future elementary school in Korea by analyzing current status of space organization of elementary school in Japan. In this study comparison and analysis of curriculum of Korea and Japan, facility standards on national level and standards of national subsidy, current status of number of schools and students, transition of changes in facility area of elementary school for last 10 years are included. In Korea and Japan each 7 elementary schools which were constructed after 2007 and are good in space organization and school planning are selected. The comparison and analysis of satisfaction level on physical educational conditions and facilities such as current status of space organization and how to use them are conducted in this study. The contents of analyzing space organization are 'entry and placement, outdoor space', 'space program' and 'phase structure and organization of unit space'.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.353-367
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of middle school students'self-deprecation in the relationship between upward social comparison in social network service (SNS) and depression and the moderated mediating effect of cognitive flexibility. The participants were 288 middle school students, in the first to third grades from four middle schools located in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, and Jeonnam. The date were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients and the Process Macro Model 4, 1, and 14. The results of this study are as follows. First, an upward comparison in SNS has a significant positive influence on students'depression, and students' self-deprecation of students mediated the relation between two. Second, the level of control, which is a sub-factor of cognitive flexibility, moderated the mediating effect of self-deprecation. That is, if students are more likely to perceive difficult situations as controllable, upward social comparison in SNS mediated by self-deprecation has smaller effect on depression. Based on these results, we suggest practical interventions to reduce depression among middle school students by decreasing upward social comparison in SNS and self-deprecation. In addition, helping students perceive difficult situations as controllable could be another effective way of reducing depression among those students who have a high level of self-deprecation in upward social comparison in SNS.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness level of the prolonged sound rules in elementary school students. The participants in this study were 148 elementary school students in grades 1 through 6. Their awareness level of the prolonged sound rules was evaluated on reading tasks composed of 40 words and sentences. An one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe hoc tests showed the showed the statistically significant difference between the groups for the awareness level of prolonged sound rules. The younger the children, the larger differences in the awareness of prolonged sound rules. The awareness might affect their cognitive development and a systematic instruction may be helpful especially in lower graders. In conclusion, the findings of this study showed significant differences in the awareness level of the prolonged sound rules at both words and sentences level. It was also found that as the age of children increases, the awareness level of the prolonged sound rules tends to increase which appeared to be completed by the 3rd grade.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.405-417
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' satisfaction with foodservice of middle school by region in Gangwon province. Students’ satisfaction concerning foodservice quality characteristics was surveyed by using importance performance analysis(IPA) technique in middle school foodsevice operations. Middle school students from four cities(Gangnung, Sokcho, Wonju, Chuncheon) were surveyed by self-developed questionnaire. Total of 1,025 questionnaires(female 521 and male 504 respectively) were analyzed using SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1.The performance level of foodservice quality attributes was significantly different according to region. 2.The attribute of the highest performance level was taste of food. The attributes of the lower performance level were waiting time of meal service and treatment about complaints. The attributes of the higher importance level were hygiene of food and dining room and hygiene of spoon and cup and drinking water table. 3.Satisfied quality attributes identified were taste of food and variety of menu. Dissatisfied quality attribute identified was treatment about complaints. 4.The satisfaction of middle school lunch service was lower than their elementary school period. 5.The satisfied quality attributes of middle school foodservice were portion size, facility of dining room, hygiene of food, variety of menu compared with their elementary school period.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.129-149
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• 1992

In order to verify the acceleration effect of low level laser (LLL) on oral mucosal wound healing process at cell biological level, the author studied growth pattern and ultrastructure in human gingival fibroblasts flashed by GaAlAs LLL-830 nm, 15mW for 10 minutes/flash one to three times at interval of 3-4 days through the evaluation of cell growth rate, protein conent/cell, DNA content/cell and ultrastructural changes for 14 days. The results were as follows : 1. The growth rate in gingival fibloblasts treated by LLL showed 4 orderly stages-decreasing stage after LLL treatment, acute increasing stage 3 days after LLL treatment, restring stage and recovering stage. 2. The effect of multiple flashes on LLL at interval of 3 days more or less was not proportional to times of flash on acceleration of growth in gingival fibroblasts. 3. The total protein content per gingival fibroblast was not significantly changed by LLL treatment in comparison with control group. But some kinds of protein which might be cell growth promoting factors were decreased immediately after LLL treatment, thereafter were acutely increased in cellular protein profile. 4. In ultrastructural changes of gingival fibroblasts treated by LLL, more prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial hyperplasia/hypertrophy and increased extracellular fibrillar matrix were observed in comparison with control group under same experimental period.