• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2011

These study was to investigate the in vitro fertilization and viability of fresh and vitrified oocytes. Also, the developmental capacity of IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) oocytes were investigated. Then vitrification was performed with the use of 20% ethylene glycol + 20% DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose + 10% FCS + TCM-199 medium. Vitrification immature oocytes are cultured in vitrification solution for 10 min afterwards transferred to expose at room temperature for 5 min. and transferred to the ice water for 5 min. The oocytes were sealed in a 1.0 mm straw and placed in a $LN_2$ container. Frozen oocytes were rapidly thawed in a water bath at $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, and then placed in TCM-199 medium containing 0.5 M sucrose for 5 min each, respectively, at $38^{\circ}C$. After being washed for 2~3 times, using fresh medium the oocytes were cultured in TCM-l99 medium supplemented with 5% FCS at $38^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ and air. The normal morphology of fresh and vitrified-thawed oocytes were $87.1{\pm}2.1%$ and $54.8{\pm}2.5%$, respectively. The viability rates of fresh and vitrified-thawed oocytes were $70.0{\pm}2.2%$ and $41.9{\pm}2.6%$, respectively. Viability rates of vitrified-thawed oocytes were lower than that of fresh follicular oocytes (p<0.05). The in vitro maturation rates of fresh and vitrified oocytes were $45.1{\pm}3.6%$ and $28.9{\pm}4.4%$, respectively. The IVF rates of fresh follicular and vitrified-thawed oocytes were 34.00.2% and $20.2{\pm}2.6%$, respectively. The in vitro maturation and fertilization rates of vitrified-thawed oocytes were lower than those of the fresh follicular oocytes (p<0.05). A total of 350 oocytes were fixed and stained after co-incubation with spermatozoa, of which 88 had identifiable nuclear material. After IVF for 20 hrs, $25.1{\pm}3.4%$ of the oocytes found to have been penetrated by spermatozoas. Oocytes were fixed and stained after ICSI, and 105 oocytes contained identifiable nuclear material. After IVF and ICSI for 20 hrs, $34.3{\pm}3.4%$ and $59.0{\pm}2.0%$ of the oocytes were found to have been penetrated by spermatozoas. The developmental rates upon ICSI were significantly higher than those of the IVF method (p<0.05).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.380-389
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• 2001

Non-human primates have been increasing in demand as important experimental animals and companion animals, domestically and internationally. The number of non-human primates for these purposes will be much enhanced in the near future. Despite this trend, basic physiological data are scarcely available in these animal species, leading to the difficulty to diagnose diseases when necessary, due to the absence of reference values. Particularly, there is not any report on the total activity of LDH of non-human primates, let alone LDH isoenzyme patterns, in Korea. LDH isoenzymes have a high level of efficaciousness as diagnostic and prognostic aids in various diseases. In this study, total activities and isoenzyme patterns of LDH were measured to obtain their reference values in domestically reared common marmosets, crab-eating macaques and Japanese macaques. There were widespread different values of serum total LDH among the non-human primate species experimented in this study. Serum LDH values of common marmosets and crab-eating macaques were 597.5$\pm$243.1 IU/l and 605.3$\pm$312.6 IU/l, respectively, whereas those of Japanese macaque showed 1,209$\pm$473.8 IU/l. Five isoenzyme fractions of LDH were observed in all experimented non-human primates but their ranks and proportions represented different patterns one another. In common marmosets, the percent of fraction for serum LDH1, LDH$_2$, LDH$_3$, LDH$_4$, and LDH$_{5}$ was 13.7$\pm$6.4%, 23.3$\pm$3.6%, 29.2$\pm$5.0%, 9.4$\pm$1.4% and 24.4$\pm$7.5%, respectively. The rank of LDH isoenzymes was LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_2$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_4$, in the descending order. For crab-eating macaques, the fraction of serum LDH$_1$, LDH$_2$, LDH$_3$, LDH$_4$, and LDH$_{5}$ occupied 19.5$\pm$12.7%, 25.3$\pm$9.3%, 23.8$\pm$8.1%, 10.2$\pm$2.8% and 21.3$\pm$14.2%, respectively. The order of LDH isoenzymes was LDH$_2$>LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_4$, from top to down. On the while, in Japanese macaques, the fraction of serum LDH$_1$ to LDH$_{5}$ showed 23.4$\pm$11.8%, 30.5$\pm$4.1%, 17.4$\pm$3.9%, 11.3$\pm$3.7% and 13.8$\pm$5.6%, respectively. The decreasing order indicated LDH$_2$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_4$. In conclusion, values such as LDH and LDH isoenzyme patterns of investigated for the first time from non-human primates reaared in Korea, could be reference values for the optimal diagnosis and therapy of diseases of the corresponding animal species. Other parameters of hematology and blood biochemistry are urgently needed to study for the benefit of our intimate non-human primates.an primates.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to provide the appropriate vaccination protocol of canine parvovirus (CPV) vaccine for the companion dogs in Korea. A total of 120 healthy pups (20 pups per group) at 6 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of four commercially available vaccines [C, G, K, and V groups] and one of vaccination schedules [V2 and V4 groups]. The serological responses to the CPV component of the vaccines were determined by measuring HI titers. The maternal antibodies was declined to under the protective level at 6 weeks of age. Therefore, it was considered that vaccination of pups for CPV should be started at 6 weeks of age. And when the combination vaccine was used, the immunogenicity of V vaccine was superior to the other vaccines and optimum vaccination schedule was 3 times vaccination with 3 weeks-interval starting vaccination at 6 weeks of age. Although pups were vaccinated at 6 weeks of age, the geometric mean CDV titers of pups in all groups by 9 weeks of age were under the protective level. So, hygienic measures including avoiding to exposure to the high risk areas were needed to prevent CPV infection in this period.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2012

This study was designed to determine whether low-density lipoporoteins (LDL) extracted from egg yolk in extender improve the function of Korean Jeju Black Bull semen. The semen was cryopreserved with 5% ethylene glycol (EG) or 7% glycerol (G) extenders containing 10% egg yolk (EY), 4% LDL and 5% EY or 8% LDL. Frozen-thawed sperm were evaluated sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity. Post-thawed sperm motility has been significantly higher (p<0.05) in 4% LDL + 5% EY ($69.00%{\pm}4.18$; EG and $63.00%{\pm}9.75$; 7% G) than 8% LDL ($57.00%{\pm}5.70$; EG and $52.00%{\pm}4.47$;G). Treatment of 4% LDL + 5% EY-EG ($66.85%{\pm}5.06$) has been significantly improved sperm viability compared to other treatments except 10% EY - EG. Moreover, in membrane integrity, swollen sperm ratio has been only significantly increased (p<0.05) in 4% LDL + 5% EY - EG ($64.65%{\pm}6.10$) among all treatments. In assess to detect acrosome integrity, especially, AR pattern ratio has been significantly decreased (p<0.05) in 4% LDL + 5% EY - EG among all treatments. In sperm viability as time passes, between 4% LDL + 5% EY and 10% EY, there was no significant difference, but 8% LDL was significantly decreased sperm viability in EG (1 and 2 hrs) and G (30 min, 1, 2, 5 and 12 hrs) extender. However, there were no significant differences among all treatments except 8% LDL-G in sperm membrane integrity. 8% LDL-G has been significantly decreased swollen sperm ratio at 5 hrs after thawed. It is concluded from these results that 4% LDL + 5% EY to the freezing extender showed more positive effect on the frozen-thawed spermatozoa in Korean Jeju Black bull.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

There have been studies about dog’s personality and behavior, which is helpful to breed dogs as guide or companion. In this study, a questionnaire was developed using 54 Jindo dogs, which considered ten items about aggressiveness and sociability. The scores were analyzed by principle component analysis (PCA), after accounting for four variables: age, gender, growing place, and coat-colors. Our results from the PCA indicated three principle components, which classified ‘aggressiveness’, ‘sociability’ and unknown factor. The four variables did not significantly affect aggressiveness(P>0.05). However, there was a relationship between coat-color and sociability, i.e., the Jindo dogs with fawn color were more sociable than the white ones(P<0.1).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2016

Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. can cause considerable diseases on both humans and animals. In addition, these microorganisms cause the economic loss in animal farming and food industry. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of a disinfectant spray, composed to grapefruit seed extract, citric acid, malic acid and benzalkonium chloride, was evaluated against S. Typhimurium and B. ovis. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. The disinfectant and test bacteria were diluted with hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. On HW condition, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant spray against S. Typhimurium and B. ovis was 5 and 4 fold dilutions, respectively. On OM condition, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant spray was 2 and 1 fold dilutions against S. Typhimurium and B. ovis, respectively. As the disinfectant spray possesses bactericidal efficacy against foodborne pathogens such as S. Typhimurium and B. ovis, the disinfectant spray can be used to control the spread of bacterial diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.63
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• pp.167-225
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• 2020

The author conducted a records research named 'daily life and records.' The purpose of the research was to find an archive, if possible, that would be effective in promoting exchange and cooperation among people in their daily lives, and to distinguish what type of archive it would be, as well as how to let it naturally take place in their ordinary lives. For 4 months (August-December 2019) with 100 college students in their 20s, trial and error were repeated. There was no separate laboratory for the research, and it used regular school hours at universities. Although it is true that there was a control through power by the college system, the plot was centered on the sunshine policy. To human being there is a voluntary and positive attitude. If anyone begins to take this attitude it is difficult to stop such action. Through emotional support, this voluntary action was encouraged to take root. The experiment was an attempt to doubt the obvious, and to search for something new. From afar, this may seem irrelevant to archives. However, for the author who is a professional archivist, it was a time of records through control by Records principles. By organizing into a form of story, its archival implications are observed.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.66
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• pp.87-109
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate public art in Mullae art Village based on Adorno's Mimesis and explore a wide range of possibilities of new genre of public art. This study found out the new possibility of not only artist network, but also networks of local villagers and iron factory workers, and considered in-depth analysis of new genre public art in Mullae art village focusing on their active participations in art programs. By analyzing the artists' stories through interviews, low-cost rental accommodation brought a influx of artists into the village, and they formed their artist networks working by themselves. At this point, this could be judged a critical phenomenon in accordance with Adorno's mimesis. However, by external pressures such as government policies for setting up Mullae Art factory or downtown redevelopment, artists sought independent role in Mullae-dong and doing active public art programs grounded on mimesis. Artists were seeking a way to cope with the economy mechanism doing new genre of public art based on mimesis, and found out the possibility of formation of relationships with local residents and iron factory workers. This study was seemed to suggest the direction of new genre of public art through Mullae art village case, and considers new political measure plans for culture and art policy.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.199-208
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• 2016

We present photometric results of the δ Sct star V1162 Ori, which is extensively monitored for a total of 49 nights from mid-December 2014 to early-March 2015. The observations are made with three KMTNet (Korea Microlensing Telescope Network) 1.6 m telescopes installed in Chile, South Africa, and Australia. Multiple frequency analysis is applied to the data and resulted in clear detection of seven frequencies without an alias problem: five known frequencies and two new ones with small amplitudes of 1.2-1.7 mmag. The amplitudes of all but one frequency are significantly different from previous results, confirming the existence of long-term amplitude changes. We examine the variations in pulsation timings of V1162 Ori for about 30 years by using the times of maximum light obtained from our data and collected from the literatures. The O − C (Observed minus Calculated) timing diagram shows a combination of a downward parabolic variation with a period decreasing rate of (1/P)dP/dt = −4.22 × 10⁻⁶ year⁻¹ and a cyclic change with a period of about 2780 days. The most probable explanation for this cyclic variation is the light-travel-time effect caused by an unknown binary companion, which has a minimum mass of 0.69 M_⊙. V1162 Ori is the first δ Sct-type pulsating star of which the observed fast period decrease can be interpreted as an evolutionary effect of a pre-main sequence star, considering its membership of the Orion OB 1c association.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.703-711
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the quality and organoleptic properties of dehydrated onions with steaming and heating. Sliced onions were treated as follows: steaming time ($X_1$, 5~25 min); drying temperature ($X_2$, $55{\sim}70^{\circ}C$) and drying time ($X_3$, 4~20 hr). All the variables were modelled and analyzed using a central composite design and response surface methodology (RSM). The coefficients ($R^2$) of the water content and water activity model induced from RSM were 0.9514 (p<0.01) and 0.9455 (p<0.01), respectively. The water content and water activity were affected by the drying temperature and time. The $R^2$ on the models of Hunter's L, a, b values were 0.9419 (p<0.05), 0.8818 (p<0.01) and 0.9360 (p<0.01), respectively. Hunter's L, a, b values were affected by the drying temperature and time, but Hunter's b value was not affected by the steaming time. In addition, the $R^2$ on the models of overall palatability was 0.8867 (p<0.05). The maximum palatability response was 5.92 when the steaming time was 13.14 min, the drying temperature was $63.11^{\circ}C$ and the drying time was 14.49 hr.