• Title/Summary/Keyword: Community surveys

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Trends of Smokeless Tobacco use among Adults (Aged 15-49 Years) in Bangladesh, India and Nepal

  • Sinha, Dhirendra N;Rizwan, SA;Aryal, Krishna K;Karki, Khem B;Zaman, Mostafa M;Gupta, Prakash C
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.15
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    • pp.6561-6568
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    • 2015
  • Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has long been realized as an important component of the fight for global tobacco control. It still remains a major problem in countries like India, Bangladesh and Nepal. The objective of this study was to estimate the trends of SLT use in three countries of the SEARO WHO office. Materials and Methods: We used data from national surveys in three countries (Bangladesh, India and Nepal) to estimate trends in prevalence of current SLT use. All available nationally representative data sources were used. Estimates were weighted, age standardized and given along with 95% confidence intervals. Significance of linear trend in prevalence over time was tested using the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We identified three surveys for Bangladesh, three for India and four for Nepal that met the selection criteria (such as Demographic and Health Surveys, WHO-STEPwise approach to Surveillance and Global Adult Tobacco Surveys). A significantly increasing trend was noticed in the prevalence of current SLT use among Bangladeshi men (20.2% to 23%, p=0.03). In India, a similar significantly increasing trend was seen among men (27.1% to 33.4%, p<0.001) and women (10.1% to 15.7%, p<0.001). In Nepal, there was a no significant trend among both men (39.1% to 31.6%, p=0.11) and women (5.6% to 4.7%, p=0.49). Conclusions: In the study countries SLT use has remained at alarmingly high levels. Usage trends do not show any signs of decline in spite of control efforts. Tobacco control measures should focus more on controlling SLT use.

Phytosociological Study of the Weed Vegetation around the Osancheon Creek in Kyonggi Province (경기도 오산천 주변의 잡초군락에 대한 식물사회학적 연구)

  • 안영희;송종석
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.12 no.12
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    • pp.1207-1213
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    • 2003
  • Osancheon creek is located in the southwest of the middle area in Korea. Weed community around the Osancheon creek, where various disturbances exert a bad influence directly on its community by human work or nature, was surveyed phytosocialogically. Our surveys have been accomplished from June, 2003 to September, 2003. Weed communities formed around the Osancheon creek were divided into several patterns and analysed. They have been divided into 8 communities. Community A: Humulus japonica community, B: Phragmites communiscommunity, C: Persicaria thunbergii community, D: Zi=ania latifolia community, E: Miscanthus saccharilflorus community, F: Echinochica crusgalli community, G: Typha orientalis community, H: Sataria viridis community. The flora surveyed in these communities was constituted of 19 families, 36 genera, 4 varieties, and 40 species. Wild plants such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Erigeron annuus, Bidens frondosa, Aeschynomene indica and Oenothera odorata were mostly light loving plants and higher resistant plants against the disturbance. Our result from the ranking all surveyed areas by the Bray-Curtis ordination method was very similar to the results from phytosocialogical table work.

Development of Program Evaluation Indicator : Community Health Center's Health Promotion Program (보건소 건강증진사업 평가지표 개발)

  • 송현종;진기남
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.1-27
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluation indicator for the health promotion programs of the Community Health Centers and to test its validity. The modified logic model was used as the evaluation model based on the literature reviews. Using this model, four dimensions, eleven sub­dimensions, and forty­one individual indicators were developed. These evaluation indicators are superior in reflecting the distinctiveness of the community health promotion programs, and also flexible enough to accommodate diverse programs. These indicators also emphasize the role of process evaluation, and the diversity of outcomes. To test content validity, survey method of experts in the community health promotion field was conducted. Eleven in three expert groups(professionals, practitioners in Community Health Centers, and policy makers) generally agreed with the validity of evaluation indicators. To examine criteria and construct validity, these indicators were used to evaluate the health promotion programs conducted by the 18 Key Community Health Centers. The data came from the interview surveys of the main health promotion practitioner and 30 visitors from each center. The ranks of these eighteen Community Health Centers were computed from these data. There was no significant difference in ranking either by these indicators or by the existing indicators, which was developed by Technical Support and Evaluation Team for criteria validity. There was no statistically significant difference in ranking between input, process and outcome dimensions. Based on these study results, evaluation indicators developed in this study are valid to evaluate Community Health Center's health promotion program. It can be used both by the Community Health Center for internal evaluation, and by the stakeholders for external evaluation.

Development of Long and Short-run Educational Programs for U-turn Farmers (U 턴 귀농자 장${\cdot}$단기 교육프로그램 개발)

  • Suh, Gyu-Sun;Byun, Jae-Myun
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.137-153
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to develop long and short-run educational programs for u-turn farmers based on their need assesment. This study was conducted by review of literature and surveys. Subjects of this surveys were 310 participants of agricultural training programs developed by the Rural Development Administration for u-turn farmers in 1997 and 1998. According to major findings, many participants were faced with problems such as financial shortage, deficiency of farming skills, difficulty of marketing, new neighbours unfavourable gazing and farm labour shortage. These problems could be classified into the problems at their preparing stage and the problems of adjusting stage in their farms. And also the participants suggested that educational programs for them contain knowledge based teaching and technical practices with focus on their problems solving. With their suggestion various knowledge and technical modules were selected. Using these module several kinds of long and short-run educational programs could be developed.

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Rural Village Development Project based on Local Tourism Resources -Focused on Namsunghyun area, Cheongdo-gun- (지역 관광자원을 활용한 권역단위종합정비사업 기본계획 수립 -청도군 남성현감꽃권역을 대상으로-)

  • Park, Jin-Wook;Eom, Boong-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.187-200
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    • 2012
  • This article deals with rural village development project of Namsunghyun 'Gamggot(persimmon flower)' area, based on local tourism resources. For more efficient use of local tourism resources, questionnaire surveys for local residents and visitors were conducted. On the base of the results, the vision and objectives were established. And each items of project by division were also considered by the results of such surveys. Finally, priority scores of each items of project, based on importances and weighted value, were derived for more efficient propulsion of project and to construct sustainable rural community.

Factors influencing the choice of dental clinics by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: Daegu, Gyungbuk area (교정치료환자의 일반적 특성에 따른 치과 병·의원 선택요인)

  • Kim, Hong-Sik
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study examined the factors influencing the choice of dental clinics by individuals who received orthodontic treatment for malocclusion. Methods: Participants were 320 male and female college students in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do who had received orthodontic treatment in dental clinics for malocclusion. They were surveyed about their choices of dental clinics. Of the 320 questionnaires, 294 (91.9%) were used for analysis, and surveys with insufficient responses or errors were excluded. Results: The factors influencing the choice of dental clinics varied among the participants. Furthermore, factors that most commonly affected their choices were, in order, trust in dentists' skills and medicine used, information from community sources, friendliness of the dentist, friendliness of clinic staff, cleanliness of the hospital, availability of up-to-date medical facilities and equipment, convenience of location, and recommendations by acquaintances. Conclusion: Factors underlying the choice of dental clinics varied among the participants. Typically, these choices were strongly influenced by factors such as reputation, professionalism, and friendliness.

Improvement Strategies for Optimum Usage of Community Facilities by the Rural Elderly in Korea (농촌 노인의 마을 공동시설 이용실태 분석 및 개선방향)

  • Lee, Jeong-Hwa;Kang, Kyeong-Ha;Jung, Nam-Su;Park, Gong-Ju;Yoon, Soon-Duck
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.11 no.3 s.28
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2005
  • Rural Korea has been becoming heavily aged societies from the end of 20th century due to the massive depopulation of young generation and extension of the average span of human beings. Although rural communities in Korea had been traditionally based on closely webbed social relations, almost all of community self-help organizations disappeared in recent time with very strong urbanization trend. However, almost all rural villages in Korea have the village seniors' union -'NO-IN-HOE' in Korean speaking- of which members usually use, operate and maintain community facilities in terms of voluntary base. Using these facilities, most of public/common/private services and community activities have been being served or provided. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the usage tendency of community facilities and needs of the rural elderly and to propose the improvement strategies for their optimum usage. For this purpose, data was gathered both from community (107 villages) and individual level surveys(881 older people). The statistical method used for data analysis was descriptive statistics. The major findings were as follows : It was found that the dominant family type of the rural elderly was elderly-only household (75%) with very limited economic capability. There are 2$\sim$3 common community facilities with village including the seniors' center -'KYOUNG-RO-DANG' in Korean speaking. Many of the elderly (74%) use the center once or twice per week. There are several rooms in the center, like as kitchen bathroom and health room, of which usage frequency differs respectively. Many rural elderly want assistance from out-of-village for good maintenance and free use of these facilities.

Analysing the Plant Ecosystems for the Rural Village Forest of Designated as Natural Monument - the Case of Natural Monument no.468 Pohang Buksong-ri Bukcheonsu - (천연기념물로 지정된 농촌지역 마을 수림지 식물생태계 분석 - 천연기념물 제468호 포항 북송리 북천수를 대상으로 -)

  • Lee, Seung-Joo;Kim, Dong-Wook;Huh, Bog-Su
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.43-58
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    • 2011
  • This paper is performed to study for the plants ecosystems for the rural community forest of designated as natural monument. In addition, it is also proposed the plan of the rural community forest's conservation and restoration for avoiding to the destroy of indiscriminate development such as land-use, cultivation. The rural community forest is a mirror that reflect the regional culture and history, as well as environment. According to this view, undoubtedly, we need to recognise the formative background of rural community forest, the relations between the environment around and the characteristic of plants ecosystem comprehensively. For the purpose of proposing to the plan of rural village forests' conservation and restoration, therefore, this study is: 1) reviews the previous research and ancient documents, and 2) surveys the vegetation structure and the growing conditions in rural village forest directly.

Difficulties of Building a Learning Community for Professional Development (전문성 발달을 위한 학습 커뮤니티 형성에 있어서의 어려움)

  • Kwon, Na-Young
    • School Mathematics
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2010
  • The purposes of this study were to understand mathematics teachers' difficulties under the context of community and to contribute to the research on professional development using a partnership between a high school and a university. I examined what struggles mathematics teachers had in building a learning community. I used data from a project in South East area in U.S.A. Three student teachers, three mentor teachers, and a university teacher participated in this study. Data sources included cluster meeting observations, interviews, and documents (such as open-ended surveys and e-mail responses). Data were analyzed using case study and narrative analysis methods. The results showed that the participants had power issues, issues about selecting topics to discuss, criticizing others, sharing goals, and managing time and the number of members.

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Community Annoyance from Transportation Noise in Korea (한국인의 교통소음에 대한 불쾌감 연구)

  • Lee, Soo-Gab;Lim, Chang-Woo;Kim, Jae-Hwan;Hong, Ji-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2005
  • Studies on community annoyance caused by transportation noise exposure were carried out in fifty-one areas around Gimpo and Gimhae international airports, Gyungbu and Honam railway lines and east and riverside-northen motorway to accumulate social survey data and to assess the relationship between each transportation noise level and degree of annoyance in Korea. The measurements of transpotation noise were carried out using portable precision sound level meters (B&K type 2238 and LD 812) except in aircraft noise. Aircraft noise levels were measured automatically by airport noise monitoring system, B&K type 35n Social surveys were carried out to people living around noise measurement points. Questionnaires were only aggregated by face-to-face interviews using various questions concerned with demographic factors, degree of noise annoyance, interference with daily activities and health-related symptoms. The questions of noise annoyance were answered on an 11-point numerical scale. The respondents, from 18 to 70 years of age, were randomly selected and completed the questionnaire for themselves. The total number of respondents for the questionnaires was 1,839. The results showed that community annoyance of railway noise in Korea is similar to that in Japan, but is more severe than that in European countries.

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