• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.235-243
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• 2015

Objectives : The object of this paper is to seek and provide evidences for the possibilities of substitutional use of Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum and Aucklandiae Radix for Moschus as an ingredient of Gongjin-dan by clarifying the similarities and differences among these herbs in the classic literatures. Methods : We have found out the features of Moschus, Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum and Aucklandiae Radix by searching Qi, Flavor and Effect of each herb in 『Shennongbencaojing』, 『Zhengleibencao』, 『Bencaogangmu』, 『Dongeuibogam』, 『Bencaobeiyao』, 『Euijongsonik』 and 『Bangyakhappyeon』. And we have compared and analyzed the fomula of Gongjin-dan and other prescriptions in 『Beijiqianjinyaofang』, 『Shengjizonglu』, 『Shiyidexiaofang』, 『Dongeuibogam』, 『Euijongsonik』, 『Euibanghwaltu』 and 『Bangyakhappyeon』. Results : We could find out the similarities and differences in Qi, Flavor and Effect among Moschus, Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum and Aucklandiae Radix. And we could also find the examples of substitutional use of Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum as an ingredient of Gongjin-dan by comparing the formula of Gongjin-dan in the classic literatures as above. And in the other prescription, Aucklandiae Radix was also used instead of Moschus. Conclusions : All of three herbs have pungent in Flavor and warm in Qi. And these herbs also have similar effects in dispersing invading pathogenic factors and smoothening the flow of Qi. And according to 『Bencaobeiyao』, 『Euijongsonik』 and 『Bangyakhappyeon』, Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum and Aucklandiae Radix direct and regulate the Qi in common. The substitutional use of Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum and Aucklandiae Radix instead of Moschus in Gonjin-dan seems to be related to 'the ascent of Water and descent of Fire' effect of Gongjin-dan.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.111-121
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• 1999

Acne vulgaris, the most common skin disease. can be formed as only a few comedons or severe inflammatory lesions. The pathogenesis of acne involves various factors; excessive androgen, excessive sebum production, abnormal alteration of follicular epithelium, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, and inflammation. We investigated acne therapy using oriental herbs described in the Korean traditional medical book (Dong-ui-bo-gam). Oriental herbs (Angleica daurica. Arctium lappa. Coptidis rhizoma, and glycyrrhiza glabra) were chosen based on their respective property of sebum control, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-bacterial activity. We examined the effect of acne treatment, in terms of chemotactic inhibition, lipogenesis inhibition, and anti-bacterial activity for P. acnes. 1. Neutrophil chemotaxis assay ; P acnes secrete chemotactic factors and other pro-inflammatory extracellular products. Neutrophil chemotactic activity of P. acnes was measured by 48-well chemotaxis method. Angelica daurica clearly suppressed chemotactic activity of P. acens. 2. Using sebaceous gland of hamster ear lipogenesis assay; Sebaceous lipogenesis was measured using ear biopsies by incubation of $C^{14}$ -acetate in culture media. The $C^{14}$ -labeled lipids were extracted and determined by liquid scintilation counting, Coptidis rhizoma markedly inhibited sebum production, 3. Anti-bacterial assay for P. acnes (MIC test) Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity. P. acnes did not develop resistance against Glycyrrhiza glabra. Retinoids are effectively to inhibit sebum production and regulate follicular keratinization process, with little anti-inflammatory activity. Angelica daurica suppressed neutrophil chemotaxis. Coptidis rhizoma inhibited sebum production, and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity against P. acnes. A combined formulation of Angelica daurica. Coptidisr hizoma and Glycyrrhiza glabra is expected to provide effective acne treatment.ent.ive acne treatment.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2014

The most important reason mentioned for the early discontinuation of breast feeding and introduction of supplementary bottles is Perceived Insufficient Milk (PIM), which is relatively common in women. This is of public health concern because the use of breast milk substitutes increases the risk of morbidity and mortality among infants in developing countries and shortens birth intervals. Thus, a literary search in classical text for aetiopathogenesis, symptoms and treatment of PIM were appraised to implement in contemporary era. The classical Unani texts viz., Al Qanon fit Tib (Canon of Medicine), Al Hawi (Continens Liber), Zakheera Kharzam Shahi, Tarjuma Kamilus Sana, Tibbe Akbar, Akseer Azam, and Kitabul Kulliyat were reviewed. Further certain galactogogue herbs which are in use since antiquity such as fenugreek, cotton seeds, cumin, asparagus, black cumin etc were explored in different search engines on website for proven galactogogue activity. The causes of PIM are abnormal temperament of body or breast, anaemia, anxiety, depression, malnutrition etc. The principle treatment is treating the cause viz., the temperament is corrected by diet and drugs in abnormal temperament, elimination of humour is required in dominance of humour etc. The aforementioned drugs are proven scientifically for their galactogogue activity. The classical texts are having valuable information regarding PIM, which can be implemented in present era. Aforementioned Unani drugs are proven scientifically for with their galactogogue effect, however, clinical trials are scarce. Therefore, further randomized controlled clinical trials are recommended.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2010

Herbal hepatotoxicity is a one of the most often encountered controversial issues in medical society. Some believe herbs are totally safe while others regard treatment with herbs as a very common cause of hepatotoxicity. But there are no comparative clinical hepatotoxicity studies between herbal and conventional medicines. We investigated incidence of patients with abnormal liver function who were treated with herbal or conventional medicine at Dongguk University International Hospital. Each group consisted of 300 patients, who were admitted for longer than 30 days during the year 2008. We compared albumin, total bilirubin, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels, and excludes patients who had abnormal liver function test or liver-related disease when admitted. As a result, incidence of total bilirubin, AST, and ALT elevation in the CT (conventional treatment) group was more frequent than in the TKM (traditional Korean medicine) group (p<0.05) during admission. Albumin level also decreased more frequently in the CT group than in the TKM group (p<0.05). According to these results, herbal medicine is not more hepatotoxic than conventional medicine, and not a main cause of liver injury in inpatients.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

The decocting method of herbal medicines is various with a prescription or herbal medicine's characteristics. But it has common principles by which effective elements can be easily extracted with synergistic actions of herbs and which the therapeutic effect of a medicine is amplified. When decocting a herbal medicine, the volume of water is an important factor. Fire for decocting drugs and decocting time are also important factors. The excessive water and unproper decocting time and temperature can reduce the effect of the decoction. Besides a better decoction can be obtained by squeeze. According to herbal medicine's characteristics and prescription, there are herbs that should be treated after a specific method. For example, decoct first and decoct later. It also affects the therapeutic if a right taking method is not carried out. Methods of taking drugs include both the time and the method. We can confirm these decocting and taking methods in the ancient medical literatures of herbal medicine. This article deals with these things in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.107-115
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• 2010

This study was surveyed to identify changes of flora during three years after restoration in Cheonggyecheon stream. There are four sections in Cheonggyecheon. One and two sections are upper streams and three and four sections are down streams. It was surveyed 328 species in 2006. In 2007 and 2008, 446 and 444 species were found, respectively. This result shows that Cheonggyecheon is unstable initial condition in restored stream ecosystem. Naturalized species were 58 species in 2006 and it was respectively 61 and 63 species in 2007 and 2008. Hazard species of ecosystem were three common species during survey period. In appearance of flora per section, three and four sections constituted by natural sites such as point bars, wide flood plains, riffles and ponds, marshes, etc. were surveyed more species than one and two constructed by concrete materials and narrow flow channel. Recently, as time goes by, introduced species are being increased. And succession has mainly been progressed by one year or binary herbs and perennial herbs. Compared with other restored streams, Cheonggyecheon showed more flora than Yangjaecheon and Anyangcheon. It is judged owing to length of surveyed site, various planted species and area of inhabitation space. To manage restored stream ecosystem, monitoring is essential. Further, because change of vegetation after restoration in Cheonggyecheon is very important, continuous monitoring about Flora and Naturalized species and Hazard species of ecosystem is also very important.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1641-1656
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• 2019

The present paper reviews the findings of different research studies on the effect of natural ingredients in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diet on carcass characteristics and meat quality. The results show a relationship between the type and concentration of ingredients used in diets and carcass characteristics and meat quality. The inclusion of medicinal herbs (thyme, black seed, and mint), plants (canola), seeds (chickpea), spices (cinnamon and coriander), worms (earthworms), bee products (propolis), phytochemicals (lycopene), and edible fungi (common mushrooms) in the diet improved carcass quality characteristics compared to the control diets (basal diets). The inclusion of medicinal herbs (spearmint and green tea), spices (cinnamon), vegetables (tomato), plants (verbena and canola), seeds (marijuana), and edible fungi (oyster mushrooms) improved meat quality. In conclusion, the use of ingredients of natural origin in the diet of Japanese quail improves carcass quality characteristics and meat quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.5-6
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• 2002

In a comprehensive summary use and supplementation of some well defined natural herbal formulations in the European swine breeding and fattening is documented. Along with this data also the quality assurance, hygenic as well as the standards of efficacy of the formulations are presented. Series of experimental and development work over the last several years with universities, research institutes, veterinarians and feed industry proved that the application of such phylo-components (feed supplementation) result in to optimizing swine breeding practices. On the basis of 4 specific formulations tested and used in the European veterinary field most of the common problems of pig breeding and rearing can be successfully handled. Precisely, problems of fertility, respiration, diarrhea and stress; which are directly related to imerse losses in production, with poor quality of piglets associated with immune suppressions. Besides curing common symptoms, one of the most important aspect is of improvement in the self defence mechanism which results ultimately in to increased immunity, vitality and health of the animals; of course, thereby reducing the mortality which is the most economical problem observed in the animal health. Moreover, data presented here reflects on the fact that the use of such high quality alternative formulations successfully replace conventionally used antibiotics or hormonal therapies. They also work synergestically of as complementary in vaccination program or act as growth promoting agents on natural basis.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 1999

This study was conducted to select proper substrate and nutrient solution concentration for favorable growth and quality in common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). The growth of common thyme was better in deep flow culture (DFT) than in other substrate cultures. As the nutrient solution concentration rose, the ratio of dry matter increased, while the fresh weight and the number of lateral shoots decreased. The contents of total chlorophyll and vitamin C were higher in DFT than others. Ca, K, P were showed high contents in cocopeat, but Mg content was the highest at half-fold concentration in DFT. Common thyme showed low content of nitrate in DFT compared with that in other substrate culture. DFT was the most effective system for pronoting growth and quality of common thyme. The optimal concentration of nutrient solution in common thyme was half-fold(EC=1.2mS/cm) of herbs nutrient solution by European Vegetable R&D Center.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.44-50
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• 2012

Objectives: We investigated weight gain effects of the Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang ($B\check{u}f\grave{e}ich\acute{e}ngzh\check{a}ngz\bar{e}ngb\check{u}$-tang) on thin Korean preschool children with frequent common cold or chronic rhinitis Methods Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang was empirically composed of 14 herbs for treating indigestion, and common cold or chronic rhinitis. We analyzed 60 preschool children who have visited Kim Kijoon Oriental Clinic BOM from Jan. 1, 2006 to Aug. 31, 2011 with three criteria: 1) 2~5yrs of age and BMI<50th percentile 2) children those who had taken the Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang for 1~3 month (s), 3) Availability of records on before/after treatment within 3 months. Weight gain of the children after treatment was evaluated by the changes of BMI percentile compared to pre-treatment. Results Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang significantly improved BMI percentile in all groups (1 month: $21.33{\pm}10.04$ vs $26.43{\pm}13.16$, p<0.001; 2 months: $21.90{\pm}10.28$ vs $29.03{\pm}15.06$, p<0.001; 3 months: $19.06{\pm}10.04$ vs $35.71{\pm}17.40$, p=0.001). Gender, age and pre-treatment BMI had no significant effects on the effectiveness of Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang. Conclusions: Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang positively affected weight gain in 2~5yrs Korean preschool children with BMI below 50 percentile within 1~3 month (s) of treatment. However, additional studies on functional dyspepsia or the change of energy intake are needed to understand the factors related to weight gains.