• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.81-98
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide a common model and implementation strategies for reusing GIS components in local governments. The common model includes several solutions to remove stumbling blocks step by step in reusing or exchanging GIS application systems between local governments. Elements of the model are component architecture, common business process model, common function model, and data model. The elements are the minimum standards for reusability. In order to realize the desirable common model at present, however, the following problems remain : usable components are insufficient in spatial domains and existing GIS application systems require reinvestment to accommodate the new component technology. Three questions are raised to maximize reusability from a monolithic structure toward layered and the componentized GIS application systems : (1) How can the application systems be reused within a local government?, (2) Can the systems be exchanged when they are in the same computing platform?, and (3) When the systems are componentized by standardized interfaces, are the components replaceable between the systems in local governments? Some strategies are presented to accomplish the objectives implicated in the questions. For the actual implementation, several issues such as evaluation procedures for component products, ownership and commercialization issues, will be brought up in the future. Central and local governments, and commercial party need to co-operate each other to maximize the reusability. Reducing overlapping investments in local governments and obtaining competitive component technology in the commercial party should be recognized as critical tasks for the more efficient and economical GIS implementation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.311-320
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• 2011

Public libraries in Korea have undergone changes from libraries for just reading or keeping books to libraries with cultural facilities that provide information through various media. It was because of the "plan for building the information-oriented library" in 2000 that made the complexation of public library in progress. The alterations of the system have changed the structure as well as the grade ranks but haven't been considered enough for administrators or visitors. Hereupon, we are to study of the features by analyzing how the application of the system changed the structure of library. There are four stages in research methods. First, concept of public library and functional elements requested in the process of complexation were studied from literature. Second, vertical, horizontal and circulate changes were studied by applying subject libraries into prior research stereotyping the libraries. Third, mutual relations between each place were studied through J-Graph by elements. Lastly, rank changes according to centrality of space and users were quantitatively studied with space syntax. 4 notable changes were found in these analyses. (1)Vertical, horizontal and circulate structure of public libraries were homogenized. Since 2001, however, they have become diversified as all-in-one or detachable. (2)The space structure of library before 2001 was shallow tree shape while in 2001, period of transition, was the tree shape mixed with ring shape. As time goes on, it has become shallow tree shape again but connected by ring shape in part of reading and common space and in digital reference room. (3)Digital reference room was center of the space around 2001 and it ranked top for integration. After 2007, however, it has become setting off-center. (4)About the purpose of using public libraries, using it as space for administrators ranked top followed by space for visitors and common space before. For now, common space ranks top and space for visitors and administrators. 5 subject public libraries were selected respectively before and after 2001.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.111-127
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• 2016

The study aims to examine the forms of 'image expression' and utilization of model poses in fashion photos, and to delve into the characteristics and the intents that make certain model poses effective in expressing an image. The study used the fashion photos in the fashion magazine, Vogue, to analyze the different model poses used to express different images. The results are as follows. First, image expression forms in fashion photos were categorized into 'direct product suggestion expression form', 'sensual image expression form', 'sexual image expression form', 'story telling expression form', 'everyday situation expression form', and 'fantastic image expression form'. The different utilization types of model poses were categorized into 'type utilizing intangible elements', 'type utilizing complicated elements', 'type utilizing living organisms', 'type utilizing props', 'type utilizing clothes', 'type utilizing location', 'type utilizing accessories', and 'type utilizing products'. Second, the most common expression form for fashion photos used in advertisements was the 'direct product suggestion expression form', which was followed by the sensual image expression form. The most popular form used in the editorial fashion photos was the direct suggestion product expression form, which was followed by the story telling expression form. Third, the most common model pose type for direct product suggestion form was the 'type utilizing product'. Fourth, 'direct product suggestion expression form' was mostly used in editorial fashion photos. The most common utilization types of model poses were 'type utilizing clothes', 'type utilizing props', and 'type utilizing place'.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.387-401
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to show how to utilize social enterprise in the Christian aspect, especially from the view of the missional church, and to show how to help the community develop. Social enterprises appeared when the government and non-governmental organizations felt limitation in dealing with social issues such as rapid urbanization, unemployment, and economic polarization that occurred due to high industrialization. Because social enterprises differ from countries and there are various kinds of social enterprises even in each country, there is no common international definition; it is not easy to define it with one word. However, several common values could be found through this study. As social enterprises developed in the world, the missional church was introduced to a Christian world around the same time. Through analysis of social enterprises and the missional church, A researcher found five common elements between them: time of first appearance, background of appearance, business value, focus of activities, and base elements. In addition, I discussed applicable suggestions that the missional church cooperated with social enterprises to make a healthier community.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.249-259
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• 2022

To analyze recent changes in designer-specific garment composition, detail, and design elements of jackets, we classified jackets from the Paris Haute Couture Collection from 2000 S/S to 2019 F/W according to their designers and examined their characteristics. Our analysis of the jackets by Armani, Chanel, Dior, Jean-Paul Gaultier, and Valentino shows that the hour-glass silhouette was most common in Armani, Chanel, Dior, Jean-Paul Gaultier and Valentino jackets; Chanel used more straight silhouettes compared to other designers. Most jackets, regardless of the designer, had midlength waist-to-bottom, tight sleeves fitted to the body, natural shoulder shape, and solid color. Moreover, woven fabric was the most common material. Jackets with no collar were the most common for Armani, tailored collars for Dior and Jean-Paul Gaultier, and standing collars for Chanel and Valentino. For the closure method, Armani used hook-and-eye, Chanel, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Valentino used button closures, and Dior used snap closures the most. New design attempts by designers are bringing details and design elements together. In an era characterized by an abundance of designs and frequent replacement of each brand's creative designers, it is important to create and maintain a brand's unique design identity and philosophy that can meet consumers' elevated standards, which tend to be biased towards new and stimulating designs due to the development of the IT industry.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.186-191
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• 1998

The first step in change detection in any SAR monitoring, including SAR interferometry, is the co-registration of the images. CCPs (Ground Control Points) for co-registration are usually detected manually, but for qualitative analyses of enormous volumes of data, some automation of the process will become necessary. An automated determination of common CCPs for the same path/row data is especially desirable. We selected the intersections of linear features as the candidates of common GCPs Very bright point targets, which are commonly used as GCPs, have the drawback of appearing and disappearing depending on the conditions of the observation. But in the case of linear features, some detailed elements may appear differently in some case, but the overall line-likeness will remain. In this study, we selected 18 common GCPs for a single-look JERS-1 SAR image of Omaezaki area in central Japan. Although the GCPs in the first image had to be selected either interactively or semi-automatically, the same GCPs in all other images were successively detected automatically using a tiny sub-image around each GCP and a dilated mask of each linear feature in the first image as the reference data.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2022

Fire resistance performance and performance design of fire doors are becoming more important to prevent the spread of fire and support the rapid evacuation of apartment buildings. In this study, a database using 182 evacuation spaces and 308 common areas that passed the fire performance test was established, and fire door performance influencing factors were derived through an analysis of the structure(12 elements) of the fire door. As a result, the effects of fire-resisting filler density, adhesive, and foam gasket were confirmed for evacuation space, and the effects of fire-resisting filler, adhesive, and fire fins were confirmed for common areas. In the fire door fire resistance test, flames and cracks were analyzed as the most frequent failure factors.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.513-525
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• 2006

Search results of XML keyword search are defined generally as the most specific elements containing all query keywords in the literature. The labels of XML elements and semantic information such as ontology, conceptual model, thesaurus, and so on, are used to improve the preciseness of the search results. This paper presents a hierarchical index for an efficient XML keyword query processing on the condition that returnable search concepts are defined and users' query concepts can be interpreted with the help of the semantic information. The hierarchical index separately stores the XML elements containing a keyword on the basis of the hierarchical relations of the concepts that the XML elements belong to, and makes it possible to obtain least common ancestors, which are candidates for the search results, with selectively reading the elements belonging to the concepts relevant to query concepts and without considering all the combinations of the elements having been read. This paper deals with how to organize the hierarchical index and how to process XML keyword queries with the index. In our experiment with the DBLP XML document and the XML documents in the INEX2003 test set, the hierarchical index worked well.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.133-141
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• 2005

Most of the endogenous retroviral genes integrated into the primate genome after the split of New World monkeys in the Oligocene era, approximately 33 million years ago. Because they can change the structure of adjacent genes and move between and within chromosomes they may play important roles in evolutionas well as in many kinds of disease and the creation of genetic polymorphism. Comparative analysis of HERVs (human endogenous retroviruses) and their LTR (long terminal repeat) elements in the primate genomes will help us to understand the possible impact of HERV elements in the evolution and phylogeny of primates. For example, HERV-K LTR and SINE-R elements have been identified that have been subject to recent change in the course of primate evolution. They are specific elements to the human genome and could be related to biological function. The HERV-M element is related to the superfamily of HERV-K and is integrated into the periphilin gene as the truncated form, 5'LTR-gag-pol-3'LTR. PCR and RT-PCR approaches indicated that the insertion of various retrotransposable elements in a common ancestor genome may make different transcript variants in different primate species. Examination of the HERV-W elementrevealed that env fragments were detected on human chromosomes 1, 3-7, 12, 14, 17, 20, and X, whilst the pol fragments were detected on human chromosomes 2-8, 10-15, 20, 21, X, and Y. Bioinformatic blast search showed that almost full-length of the HERV-W family was identified on human chromosomes 1-8, 11-15, 17, 18, 21, and X. Expression analysis of HERV-W genes (gag, pol, and env) in human tissues by RT-PCR indicated that gag and pol were expressed in specific tissues, whilst env was constituitively expressed in all tissues examined. DNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gag, pol and env genes have evolved independently during primate evolution. It will thus be of considerable interest to expand the current HERV gene information of various primates and disease tissues.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.103-114
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• 2009

This study investigated perceived discomfort and reasons related to use three information technology products (personal computer, mobile phone and digital television remote controller), and extracted the universal design factors. 240 people (30 females and 30 males for four age groups) participated in the one-to-one interview type of questionnaire, and replied to degree of discomfort at level of items and the reasons of discomfort at level of detailed elements for each product. As a result, almost all age groups answered that using input buttons of mobile phone and remote controller and watching display of mobile phone caused discomfort. Binary logistic regression of the detailed elements showed that response rate of discomfort mostly increased with age, except for specific elements such as shape of mouse and remote controller, and location of function button of mobile phone. Some of the detailed elements had high response rate of discomfort from all age groups. The age groups also showed similar tendency for the elements to select one alternative for the reason of discomfort, but not for sound volume and size of mobile phone and button sensitivity of remote controller. Finally, the universal design factors were extracted for each product based on the results, and divided into common factors and factors classified by the age group. Through this study, we identified using practices of various age groups and their demands for the products. It is expected that extracted detailed elements can be considered as important design factors to design the products universally.