• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2007

Anorexia nervosa is a physical and psychosocial disorder that occurs most frequently in adolescent girls and young adult women. A decade ago, anorexia nervosa was rare outside of the developed western countries. However, it is now becoming a common clinical problem among young women in Korea. It is not enough to merely focus on relieving patients from the symptoms of "not eating," which is a practice that has been adopted by some forms of hospital care. The evidence base to guide treatment is limited. Nevertheless, there is the hope that a better understanding of the factors that play a role in the initiation and maintenance of disordered eating behaviors may be lead to more sophisticated treatments. This review aims to look beyond the overt "not eating" phenotype of anorexia nervosa and considers eating disorder endophenotypes based on Treasure's model. The first part of the review sets the basis for a framework of potential eating disorder endophenotypes. A description of the evidence of disordered eating behaviors as well as the clinical and psychopathological features associated with the central control of appetite follow. Finally, we describe how endophenotypes can be translated into treatments.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2009

Objective : This study was designed to research the effect of the korean traditional herbal medicine and oriental psychotheraphy on globus hytericus and swallowing difficulty caused by conversion disorder. Methods : A 10 years old male patient suffer from globus sensation and swallowing difficulty for 2 months. We treated him with the korean traditional herbal medicine(Banhahubak-tang) and oriental psychotheraphy for 27 days. Results : After this treatment, globus sensation and swallowing difficulty were decreased and appetite were increased. In addition, compulsion had been severe and it was improved after this treatment. Conclusions : Psychiatrists have reported that conversion disorder is not common in children especially under 10 years old. Globus hystericus, dysphagia is symptoms of conversion disoder but globus hystericus is very rare in childhood. In this case, we recognized that the korean traditional herbal medicine and oriental psychotheraphy could be effective for the clinical symptoms of globus hystericus and swallowing difficulty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Voice disorder is classified into three categories, structural, neurogenic and functional dysphonia. Neurogenic dysphonia refers to a disruption in the nerves controlling the larynx. Common examples of this include complete or partial vocal cord paralysis, spasmodic dysphonia. Also it occurs as part of an underlying neurologic condition such as Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, Lou Gehrig's disease or disorder of the central nervous system that causes involuntary movement of the vocal folds during voice production. Functional dysphonia is a voice disorder in the absence of structual or neurogenic laryngeal characteristics. A near consensus exist that Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is functional voice disorder wherein hyperfunctional laryngeal muscle activity whereas Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is neurogenic, action-induced focal laryngeal dystonia including several subtype. Both Adductor type spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) and MTD may be associated with excessive supraglottic contraction and compensation, resulting in a strained voice quality with spastic voice breaks. It makes these two disorders extremely difficult to differentiate based on clinical interpretation alone. Because treatment for AdSD and MTD are quite different, correct diagnosis is important. Clinician should be aware of the specific vocal characteristics of each disease to improve therapeutic outcome.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-73
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• 2020

Sleep is an essential physiological process, especially for proper brain function through the formation of new pathways and processing information and cognition. Therefore, when sleep is insufficient, this can result in pathophysiologic conditions. Sleep deficiency is a risk factor for various conditions, including dementia, diabetes, and obesity. Recent studies have shown that there are differences in the prevalence of sleep disorders between genders. Insomnia, the most common type of sleep disorder, has been reported to have a higher incidence in females than in males. However, sex/gender differences in other sleep disorder subtypes are not thoroughly understood. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that gender issues should be considered important when prescribing medicine. Therefore, an investigation of the gender-dependent differences in sleep disorders is required. In this review, we first describe sex/gender differences not only in the prevalence of sleep disorders by category but in the efficacy of sleep medications. In addition, we summarize sex/gender differences in the impact of sleep disorders on incident dementia. This may help understand gender-dependent pathogenesis of sleep disorders and develop therapeutic strategies in men and women.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2016

Headache is one of the most common physical symptoms which almost everyone experience at least once during a life. Headache is often associated with disability, but rarely with secondary headache which could result in a serious life-threatening illness, i.e. brain tumor. However, in most cases, headache is a benign illness which comprises a primary headache, i.e. migraine or tension-type headache. The accurate diagnosis of headache is critical for clinicians and it begins with history taking and physical examination since there are no diagnostic tests for primary headaches. Nowadays, there are a wide variety of pharmacological treatments according to each headache disorder. The specific purposes of this review are introducing history of classification of headache disorder and presenting diagnostic process of headache disorder. Then, we discuss the effective pharmacological treatment strategies of each headache disorder.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is to summarize of Western-Eastern books and articles on sleep disturbances and to analyze the trends of nursing research in Korea. Methods: The Western-Eastern books and articles on sleep disturbances were comprehensively reviewed. The 70 articles published from 1981-2008 of Korean nursing research about sleep disturbances were reviewed using a structured form. Results: In Oriental medicine, the main cause of sleep disorder is unbalance of Yin and Yang, the treatments are herb therapy, acupuncture, moxibustion, psychotherapy, sleep hygiene, etc. In Western medicine, the International Classification of Sleep disorder is dyssomnia, parasomnia, mental/neurologic or other medical disorders, proposed sleep disorder and the treatments are pharmacotherapy, cure treatment of sleep hygiene, cause, behavior and perception. The number of nursing research and experimental study about sleep disorder in Korea is increasing. The most common subjects were hospitalized patients and the elderly, Of the 34 experimental studies, foot reflexology was the most commonly used as a nursing intervention. Conclusions: Nurses should concern more on patients' or clients' sleep disturbances to increase their quality of life. This literature study is useful for the access to effective nursing intervention for sleep disturbances.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2011

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the pattern of psychiatric consultation-liaison in a new general hospital over a 5-year period. Method: Retrospective chart review was conducted for psychiatric consultations performed from May 2004 to December 2008 in a new general hospital in Hwasun, Korea. Results: A total of 1,852 patients who were referred to the Department of Psychiatry for consultation were included in the analysis. The main reasons for psychiatric consultation were changes in mental status(20.5%), depression(16.8%), insomnia(12.8%), and anxiety(7.9%). Psychiatric consultations were conducted with diagnoses of delirium(39.7%), depressive disorder(28.2%), adjustment disorder(7.9%), and anxiety disorder(4.1%). Patients with delirium were significantly older than were those with other psychiatric diagnoses(p<0.001). Delirium was more common in male patients than in female patients(47.1% vs. 29.9%, respectively), and depression was more common in female patients than in male patients(48.3% vs. 33.9%, respectively)(p<0.001). Delirium was more common in patients who underwent surgical operation than those who did not(p=0.010). Conclusion: Delirium was the most common diagnosis for psychiatric consultation followed by depression in a university hospital. Delirium was more prevalent in men than in women, while depression was more common in women.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1997

Objects：This study investigated whether depression, anxiety and perceived parental rearing patterns of the conduct disorder patients are different from those of the normal control group. The correlations were also assessed between perceived parenting style and depression, anxiety, severity of conduct problems and age at onset of conduct disorder in adolescents with conduct disorder. Methods：Thirty hospitalzed patients who met the DSM-Ⅳ criteria of conduct disorder, and 30 normal control subjects completed self-report questionnaires containing the Children’s Depression Inventory(CDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children(STAIC) and the Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI). Results：In the conduct disorder group, the results were as follows：1) The mean scores of CDI and STAIC-T(Trait) were not significantly different from those of the control group, but STAIC-S (State) showed significantly higher scores. 2) Parenting style was perceved to be less caring and more overprotective than in the control subjects. 3) There were negative correlations between maternal care and CDI and between maternal care and severity of conduct problems. 4) There were positive correlations between maternal overprotection and STAIC-T(Trait). 5) There were no correlations between paternal rearing patterns and depression, anxiety, severity of conduct problems, or age at onset of conduct disorder. Conclusion：We failed to identify depression and anxiety as common comorbid disorders in conduct disorder. Parental rearing patterns are thought to be significantly negativistic in conduct disorder group. It is guessed that less caring and more overprotective rearing style of parents, especially of mothers, could have much influence on depression and anxiety, more severe conduct problems and earlier age at onset of conduct disorder in the adolescents with conduct disorder.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

Objectives : This study analyzed domestic case reports of syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine treatment for tic disorder published from 2000 to 2018 and aimed to seize the latest trend of Korean herbal medicine treatment according to syndrome differentiation. Methods : We searched herbal medicine treatment of tic disorder through five major Korean academic literature databases; NDSL, KTKP, KISS, RISS, DBPIA. Results : 12 articles were included in this study from 49 articles. These studies were analyzed by year, evaluation criteria, Korean treatments, treatment effects, syndrome differentiation, herbal medication, duration of medication, and type of herbal medicine. Treatment results were assessed by YGTSS. Most cases accompanied Korean integrative treatments and only one case report used herbal medicine alone. Most common type of syndrome differentiation for patients was spleen. Duration of medication varied according to each case and decoction was the most used type of herbal medication. Conclusions : It has been reported that herbal medicine treatment according to the syndrome differentiation could be effective in treating tic disorder. This study suggests that additional studies will be required to justify classification of syndrome differentiation and the sole effectiveness of herbal medicine on tic disorder.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.181-212
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• 2023

Objectives: To examine the efficacy and safety of cupping therapy for insomnia disorder and provide clinical evidence that could contribute to further research. Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that verified effects of cupping therapy for insomnia disorder from 11 domestic and foreign databases. Included studies were evaluated using Risk of Bias (RoB). Results: Nineteen RCTs were selected. Wet cupping was more frequently used than dry cupping. Moving cupping was mostly used among dry cupping methods. Dry cupping was mainly performed in Bladder Meridian on the back. Wet cupping was mainly performed on BL18, LR14, and BL15. The most common treatment period was 4 weeks. The average number of treatments per week was about 2.4 times for all types of cupping, about 3.2 times for dry cupping and about 1.9 times for wet cupping. All selected studies showed a significant sleep improvement compared to the control group. As a result of the meta-analysis, in terms of effective rate, SAS score, and SDS score, the wet cupping in combination with acupuncture was significantly more effective than acupuncture alone, although the quality of selected RCTs was low. Conclusions: Cupping therapy is effective for insomnia disorder. Based on results of this study, it is reasonable to use wet cupping two times per week on BL18, LR14, and BL15 or use moving cupping three times per week in Bladder Meridian on the back for 4 weeks to treat insomnia disorder.