• 한국어병학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2023

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Weight 23.05 ± 6.98 g, Length 12.65 ± 1.38 cm) were exposed to waterborne nitrite at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg NO₂ ^-/L for 96 hours. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) of C. carpio exposed to waterborne nitrite was 398.6 mg NO₂ ^-/L. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBC count were significantly decreased by waterborne nitrite exposure. The MCV (mean mean corpuscular volume) (µl), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) (pg) and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) (%) were significantly increased. The inorganic component, plasma calcium, was significantly increased, and the organic components such as plasma cholesterol and total protein were significantly increased showing a similar tendency with calcium. In enzymatic components, the AST and ALT were also significantly increased by nitrite exposure. The results of this study indicate that exposure to nitrite can affect the survival and hematological physiology of C. carpio.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2023

Myxosporeans are widespread cnidarian endoparasites in marine and freshwater ecosystems and several species were reported to be a threat to cultured fish causing serious diseases with mass mortality. In the present study, we found a myxosporean species in the genus Thelohanellus from the gills of the cultured common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling for the first time in Korea. The morphological observation showed 500 ㎛ ~ 1 mm size, oval to circular shaped plasmodia containing spores which are pyriform at the anterior end and round at the posterior end (average size 20.1 ㎛ × 9.1 ㎛), with 5 to 6 turns of a single polar filament located in the polar capsule with an average size of 10 ㎛ × 4.6 ㎛. The 18S rRNA sequence was closest to the sequence of T. wangi among Thelohanellus species infecting gills but was not completely identical. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis results, we classified the present myxosporean parasite as Thelohanellus sp., temporarily. The prevalence and infection intensity of Thelohanellus sp. in the common carp fingerling were very high, which was thought to be the main cause of high mortality.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.329-332
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• 1982

부산수산대학 양어장에서 1978년부터 1931년 사이에 이스라엘잉어의 산난에 관한 일련의 시도연구를 하였다. 1. 처음 3년간인 1980년 초기까지 노하직체와 상품 Gonadotropin 호르몬 주사에 의한 산난유발을 시도했으나 거의 모두 실패하고, 1980년과 1981년에는 수온상승법에 의한 산난유발을 해본 결과 거의 완벽한 결과를 얻었다. 2. 친어지의 수온은 약 $7\;m^2$되는 소형운형지에 낮은 수온의 샘물을 연속 주입시켜서 $16.9\sim20.2^{\circ}C$의범위로 유지하였으며, 산난지의 수온은 친어지 수온보다 항상 $3.0\sim6.5^{\circ}C$ 높게 준비되었다. 3. 다양의 잉어 뇌하수체나 Gonadotropin을 주사하드라도 수온조절이 되지 않은 상태에서는 이스라엘잉어의 산난이 어렵다는 것을 알았다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2008

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from leakage of fossil fuels and incomplete combustion of organic materials have been considered as harmful contaminants in environments. This study evaluated the effect of benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), one of the PAHs, using the multiple biomarkers and applied the integration model with those biomarker responses. After 10 days of the exposure at the measured concentrations of BkF (6, 25, and 45 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), the changes of the four biomarkers, that is, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), DNA single-strand breaks (Comet), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and vitellogenin (VTG) in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were observed. The standardized values of four biomarker responses were computed and integrated as star plots, representing Integrated Biomarker Respnse (IBR) values. DNA damage was induced in a dose-dependent manner, and increased significantly compared with that in the control. EROD and VTG levels were significantly elevated at low concentrations of BkF. On the other hand, AChE activities were not altered by BkF. IBR values increased as the exposure concentrations increased. Thus, the metabolic, endocrine and genetic changes of the biomarker responses in the common carp exposed to BkF should be considered in the case of the ecological risk assessment of the BkF in fish and it can be used as a biomonitoring tool in aquatic ecosystems. In addition, star plots can be used as a useful analysis tool in multibiomarker integration approach.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.210-221
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• 2020

1973년 이스라엘 잉어(향어)가 한국에 양식을 위해 도입된 이후 현재까지 품종개량에 대한 연구가 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는 지속적인 근친교배로 인해 낮아진 국내 이스라엘 잉어의 유전적 다양성을 회복하고, 성장이 빠르고 비늘 개선을 위해 유전적 기반 교잡육종 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구는 한국의 이스라엘 잉어의 품종개량을 위하여 국내 이스라엘 잉어와 중국의 송푸거울 잉어를 이용하여 4개의 교배구를 설정하여 F1을 생산하였다. 친어의 형태 및 유전학적 거리를 고려하여 교배지침을 설정하였다. 본 연구는 유전적 다양성과 친자분석을 위하여 microsatellite 마커와 유전형 데이터를 활용하였다. 그 결과, 국내 친어의 평균 대립유전자와 기대이형접합율은 8.3과 0.743이며, F1은 13.0과 0.764이었다. 국내 이스라엘 잉어와 중국 송푸거울 잉어의 품종 간 교배를 통하여 국내 이스라엘 잉어보다 F1의 유전적 다양성이 회복되었음을 나타내었다. 한국의 일반 이스라엘 잉어는 17개월에 1.7 kg이었고, 개량된 이스라엘 잉어는 2.2 kg에 도달하였다. 또한, KC(한국×중국) 교배그룹의 비늘수치는 2.52, 친어그룹의 비늘수치는 3.15로 나타나 F1은 친어보다 낮은 비늘수치(0.63)를 나타내었다. 품종개량된 이스라엘 잉어(F1; CK, KC)는 친어그룹 (F0)보다 비늘이 20% 개선되었으며, 일반 이스라엘 잉어에 비해 체중(27%)과 비늘(25%)이 향상되었다. 유전적 데이터를 기반으로 개발된 이스라엘 잉어는 상업성이 좋아 국내 이스라엘 양식업에 크게 기여할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.491-495
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• 1985

1984년 11월 2일부터 1985년 2월 3일까지 부산수산대학 어류양식 연구실에서 평균 73.3g 및 26.7g되는 이스라엘잉어 각각 15미(총중량 1,100g및 400g)씩을 수용하고, 우리 나라에서 질이 우수하다고 인정되고 있는 상품사료와 $40\%$ 대두박분 대체사료를 대조구 사료로 하고, 인산일수소나트륨($Na_{2}HPO_{4}{\cdot}12H_{2}O$)을 $2\%$ 첨가하여 만든 인첨가 $40\%$ 대두박분 대체사료를 실험사료구로 하여 사료효율 시험을 하였다. 상품사료에서는 큰 개체군과 작은 개체군에서 각각 사료계수 1.340, 1.368, 1일 성장률 $1.696\%,\;1.708%$로 나타났고, 인첨가 $40\%$ 대두박분 대체사료에서는 사료계수 1.431, 1.558, 1일 성장율 $1.619\%,\;1.589\%$로 성장률이 상품사료에 비해 약간 떨어지기는 했지만 거의 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 그런데 $40\%$ 대두박분 대체사료는 사료계수 1.863, 1.820, 1일 성장률 $1.365\%,\;1.438\%$로 성장률이 크게 뒤떨어진 결과를 나타내었다. 그러므로 이상의 실험결과에 의하면 $40\%$ 대두박분 대체사료는 잉어의 사료로서는 적절하지 못했지만, 이에 적당량의 인을 첨가하게 되면 우수한 사료로 될 수 있다는 것을 밝혀주고 있다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.437-446
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• 2023

Cyprinids are popular species for aquaculture worldwide, with Asia being a significant contributor to their production. In Korea, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), koi carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus), and goldfish (Carassius auratus) are cultivated domestically and imported for ornamental or human consumption purposes. Among the viruses that infect cyprinids, cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2), koi herpesvirus (KHV, also known as cyprinid herpesvirus-3), and carp edema virus (CEV) are of particular concern as they cause substantial economic losses to the aquaculture industry. In this study, we investigated these viruses in both of domestic and imported cyprinids. Our results revealed that CyHV-2 was only detected in imported goldfish from Thailand. To further investigate the genetic characteristics of them, the marker A region was analyzed. Despite belonging to the same cluster with isolates from China, France, Poland, and Israel, CyHV-2 detected in this study showed distinct differences in their repetitive sequence sizes. Furthermore, two different forms of KHV/CEV coinfection were identified from domestic koi carp, both of which exhibited typical symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that one KHV isolate (ScKc-2105-K) was of the Asian type and closely related to isolates from Japan, Indonesia, Belgium, Taiwan, and China. Two CEV isolates (ScKc-2105-CE and GhKc-2207-CE) be- longed to the IIa type and showed high similarity with isolates from the USA, France, and Korea. Notably, koi carp injected with cultured KHV (ScKc-2105-K) showed 78.0% cumulative mortality within 14 days post-injection (dpi). Our findings support the importance of regular surveillance of viral diseases in cyprinids.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1997

Furfural, an organic solvent, is widely used as synthetic component material in producing chemical products. However, furfural has been reported that it shows strong toxicities to human being showing intense stimulus to skin, eyes, mucous membrane and nerve system. It is also known to cause anemia, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure and genetic toxicity in the human being working in the exposed area. LD$_{50}$ of furfural for peritoneal injected mouse has been known around 20mg/kg, but the acute toxicity on aquatic organisms such as fish, daphnid or algae are not well known, compared to those on rodents. In this experiment, we studied on the fish toxicity of furfural using Japanese Medaka (Orvzias latipes) and Common Carp (Cvprinus carpio). We also observed histological changes in the fish organs. The LC$_{50}$ were 12. Smg/L in Japanese Medaka and 21.8 mg/L in Common Carp, respectively. When Common Carps were exposed to 120mg/L of furfural concentration for 30 minutes, blood congestion in gills and lysis of secondary lamella were shown. Though the muscle of caudal fin was not completely eroded, its epidermic cells were shown to be necrotic in various parts. Tissue atrophy and cell necrosis were also shown in the liver of Common Carps exposed to furfural. From these results, furfural seems to cause histological damages on liver, an internal organ as well as on external organs such as gills and fins eventhough the fish were exposed for a short-term.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2004

인터페론은 바이러스에 감염된 세포에서 생성되어 다른 세포로 하여금 바이러스의 증식을 억제하는 단백질을 합성하게 하는 사이토카인의 일종으로서 바이러스에 대한 방어작용에서 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 본 연구 결과 강력한 인터페론 유도물질로 알려져 있는 poly inosinic : cytidylic acid (poly I:C)를 잉어에 주사한 결과 SVCV에 대한 항바이러스 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, Poly I:C 주사구에서 대조구에 비해 누적폐사율이 감소하였으며, 또한 두신백혈구를 분리하여, poly I:C를 처리한 결과 interferon-like cytokine (ILC)이 생성되었다. Crude ILC의 항바이러스 활성을 cytopathic effect reduction (CPER) assay로 조사한 결과, 적정 HKLs 농도는 1×$10^6$cells/ml으로 나타났으며, 20~50$\mu{g}$/ml 농도의 poly I:C를 처리했을 때 유의적으로 증가하였다. ILC 생성을 위한 적정온도 및 FBS의 농도는 각각 20$20^\circ{C}$와 5%로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.263-274
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• 1991

Digestibilities of nutrients and energy are among the most important parameters to be determined in feed evaluation research. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein, total carbohydrate (TCHO), fat, energy and amino acids were determined for 14 common feed ingredients using chromic oxide as external indicator with Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio). The ingredients tested were; corn, corn starch, gelatinized starch, wheat middling, wheat grade inferior, corn gluten meal, rapeseed meal (solvent extracted), soybean meal (solvent extracted), blood meal (drum dried), feather meal(hydrolyzed), file fish meal (flame dried), sardine fish meal (steam dried), sardine fish meal (flame dried) and brewers yeast (dehydrated). The overall ADC values were high in Israeli carp showing high capacity to digest their feed ingredients irrespective of plant or animal sources. In addition the ADC of plant protein was high enough to support the successful supplementation of fish meal with other plant proteins.