• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.344-356
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 과학창의력의 신장을 목적으로 하여, 비교적 다양한 활동과 시간 운영이 가능한 재량활동에 사용할 수 있고, 제7차 교육과정에서 취하고 있는 학년제의 특성을 살려 그 대상을 6～7학년을 대상으로 하며, 일상생활에서 소재를 사용하는 다중활동으로 구성한 프로그램(MAEM-SC 프로그램)을 개발하였다. 과학창의력의 주요 요소로서는 과학적 문제 상황을 발견하는 능력, 과학적 문제 상황과 관련된 기존 과학지식을 연결하는 능력, 과학적 문제해결 방법을 고안하는 능력, 과학적 문제해결에 집중하는 능력을 설정하였다. 프로그램의 소재는 우리 몸, 일상생활 도구, 일상 음식, 놀이 및 놀이 기구, 일상생활 일화 등의 일상 소재를 선정하였다. 다중활동이란 여러 가지 종류의 활동을 특정한 의도를 가지고 통합적으로 구성한 활동을 의미하는데, 어림하기, 몸을 이용한 실험하기, 장치 고안하기, 확률적 사고하기, 개념 연결하기, 창의적 과학 글쓰기 등의 개별활동을 직렬형, 병렬형, 조합형으로 구성하였다. MAEM-SC 프로그램이 과학창의력 신장에 미치는 효과를 탐색하기 위하여 프로그램의 일부를 적용한 결과, 조합형 방법을 사용한 6학년 학생들에게서 과학적 문제 상황을 발견하는 능력과 과학적 문제 상황에 관련된 기존 과학지식을 연결하는 능력의 신장에 긍정적인 영향을 미침이 드러났다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.97-126
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• 2014

October 4, 1957 the Soviet Sputnik 1 was launched into space the first time in the history of mankind. After launching, the realm of humankind was expanded to space. Today all countries of the world wage a fierce competition in order to utilize space for various purposes. World powers of space such as United States, Russia, China, and Japan, put reconnaissance satellites and ocean surveillance satellites into orbit, being able to easily see equipment and troops movement on earth. Each country makes efforts to occupy space assets through the militarization of space and expand national interests. Recently private companies or individuals involved in commercial space activities are becoming more prevalent. Thus, in addition to space activities for military purposes, commercial space activities become widespread. Individuals and private companies as well as nations are also involved in space activities. Outer space is not the monopoly of space powers such as the United States and Russia. The whole human race can benefit from free access to space, being the common heritage of mankind. In particular, outer space becomes an indispensable element of military activities and human life. Many countries are now entering space development, putting a lot of budget into new development programs. Republic of Korea also built the Narodo Space Center, starting its space development with budget and manpower. We have to find out ways to use space not only for military purposes but also for commercial space activities that can contribute to the national economy. In addition, through the joint efforts of the international community, we have to make efforts for preservation and peaceful use of space. Various issues relating to space activities and research should be studies in order to contribute to the progress of humanity. Those issues include the definition of outer space, space debris reduction and environmental conservation issues, non-bind measure cooperation - European International Code of Conduct, space law and national legislation related empowerment issues, arms control measures in space, and restrictions on the use of nuclear fuel. We also need to be involved in the discussion of those issues as one of responsible space countries. In addition, we try to find out regional cooperation schemes such as the ESA in the Europe actively. Currently in the Northeast Asia, cooperation bodies led by Japan and China respectively, are operated in the confrontational way. To avoid such confrontation, a new cooperative body needs to be established for cooperation on space exploration and information. The system to allow the exchange of satellite information for early warning of natural disasters needs to be built as well. In addition, efforts to enhance the effectiveness of the relevant international treaties on space, and fill in the blanks in international space laws should be made at the same time. To this end, we have to do a leading role in the establishment of standards such as non-binding measures (resolution) - Code of Conduct, being discussed in the UN and other organizations, and compliance with those standards. Courses in aerospace should be requires in law schools and educational institutes, and professional manpower need to be nurtured. In addition, the space-related technology and policy needs to be jointly studied among the private, public, and military groups, and the cross exchange among them should be encouraged.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.723-737
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• 2017

국가 기술표준정책 결정시 국가 정책 활동/시장경제 활동 수단으로 활용하기 위해 현재 자국 기술 수준/집중도/활용도에 대한 분석을 통한 의사결정을 수행해야 한다. 이러한 의사결정의 수단으로 국내 이동통신 사업자 특허 자료 기반 주요 공통 기술 분야 분석을 통해 합리적인 의사결정을 수행할 수 있다. 특허청 특허정보검색서비스를 통해 수집된 국내 이동통신 사업자 전체 특허/국제특허분류 수는 20,294건/152개이며, 이동통신 사업자 특허자료 일반 정보 분석 결과 상대적으로 높은 기술보유 활동을 수행하는 사업자는 KT(9,738건/47.98%)이다. 이어서 사회망 분석결과 연결중심성(0.552)/근접중심성(1.000)/매개중심성(0.290)이 큰 국제특허분류 30개 추출, 주성분 분석 결과 분산 평균 크기 3.2222 이상 넘어가는 국제특허분류 4개(H04W, H04B, G06Q, H04L) 추출을 통해 국내 이동통신 사업자 공통 기술 분야임을 확인했다. 마지막으로, 추출된 국내 이동통신 사업자 공통 기술 분야 4개에 대한 자기회귀 결합 이동평균 모형 분석 결과 H04W, H04B, G06Q, H04L 모두 12개월의 계절성 특성을 가지며, 기존 시계열 자료 평균 대비 예측 평균이 낮아짐을 확인했다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2001

Non-human primates have been increasing in demand as important experimental animals and companion animals, domestically and internationally. The number of non-human primates for these purposes will be much enhanced in the near future. Despite this trend, basic physiological data are scarcely available in these animal species, leading to the difficulty to diagnose diseases when necessary, due to the absence of reference values. Particularly, there is not any report on the total activity of LDH of non-human primates, let alone LDH isoenzyme patterns, in Korea. LDH isoenzymes have a high level of efficaciousness as diagnostic and prognostic aids in various diseases. In this study, total activities and isoenzyme patterns of LDH were measured to obtain their reference values in domestically reared common marmosets, crab-eating macaques and Japanese macaques. There were widespread different values of serum total LDH among the non-human primate species experimented in this study. Serum LDH values of common marmosets and crab-eating macaques were 597.5$\pm$243.1 IU/l and 605.3$\pm$312.6 IU/l, respectively, whereas those of Japanese macaque showed 1,209$\pm$473.8 IU/l. Five isoenzyme fractions of LDH were observed in all experimented non-human primates but their ranks and proportions represented different patterns one another. In common marmosets, the percent of fraction for serum LDH1, LDH$_2$, LDH$_3$, LDH$_4$, and LDH$_{5}$ was 13.7$\pm$6.4%, 23.3$\pm$3.6%, 29.2$\pm$5.0%, 9.4$\pm$1.4% and 24.4$\pm$7.5%, respectively. The rank of LDH isoenzymes was LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_2$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_4$, in the descending order. For crab-eating macaques, the fraction of serum LDH$_1$, LDH$_2$, LDH$_3$, LDH$_4$, and LDH$_{5}$ occupied 19.5$\pm$12.7%, 25.3$\pm$9.3%, 23.8$\pm$8.1%, 10.2$\pm$2.8% and 21.3$\pm$14.2%, respectively. The order of LDH isoenzymes was LDH$_2$>LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_4$, from top to down. On the while, in Japanese macaques, the fraction of serum LDH$_1$ to LDH$_{5}$ showed 23.4$\pm$11.8%, 30.5$\pm$4.1%, 17.4$\pm$3.9%, 11.3$\pm$3.7% and 13.8$\pm$5.6%, respectively. The decreasing order indicated LDH$_2$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_4$. In conclusion, values such as LDH and LDH isoenzyme patterns of investigated for the first time from non-human primates reaared in Korea, could be reference values for the optimal diagnosis and therapy of diseases of the corresponding animal species. Other parameters of hematology and blood biochemistry are urgently needed to study for the benefit of our intimate non-human primates.an primates.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2009

The injuries as a result of fall accidents is the one of the most common kind of injuries in Korea, especially fall from height is the top most common kind for fatal injuries. Futhermore, the number of fall injuries in manufacturing industry has been steadily increasing from 2000 to 2007. In 2007 the number of fall fatal injuries increased 10.6 % in comparison with the number in 2006. These numbers are 6~17 times higher than those for foreign countries such as the U.K and the USA. So, it is needed to make a study to reduce these numbers for manufacturing industry. To get the goals, we did research as followings. First, this study analyzed statistics by industry, by fall height, by common agent and so on to gain an insight into real aspect of fall injuries. It showed that ladder is the commonly cited agent for manufacturing industry, and 3 risky activities ; the ladder work, the load/unload work, and the maintenance work. Secondly, this study made a survey of manufacturing workers for their understandings of the most 3 risky activities. It showed that 'tendency to work easily' and 'difficulty of applying measures due to inherent working conditions' are main reasons for workers not to implement the preventive measures against the fall accidents. Thirdly, this study tested the slip characteristics of ladder base and lungs. The tests were done based on ANSI standard and KS. In addition to the standard condition, this study performed slip tests in wet and sandy conditions and compared the results with the those of standard condition. It showed that friction coefficient is standard condition > wet condition > sandy condition, and the friction coefficient of ladder for sandy condition is measured to be reduced by 63.9% compared with that for standard condition. Finally, this study developed safety work models for using of portable ladders in consideration of the safety standards of foreign countries such as the U.K, the USA, and the Australia.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2003

1차부터 7차까지의 초등학교 수학 교과서에 나타난 약수와 배수의 지도 방법을 교수학적 변환론의 관점에서 비교-분석하였다. 1, 2차 교과서에서는 약수와 배수를 별도의 단원으로 구성하지 않고, 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈, 곱셈을 주요 내용으로 하는 단원에서 분수의 통분과 약분 지도 내용 속에 포함시켜 약수와 배수를 지도하고 있다. 3, 4차 교과서에서는 새 수학 운동의 영향을 받아 약수와 배수가 분수의 내용과 독립되어 하나의 단원으로 설정되었고, 수 영역에 집합의 개념을 도입하여 수체제를 확립하면서 집합의 내용과 함께 다루어졌다. 5, 6, 7차 교과서에서는 약수와 배수가 분수 내용뿐만 아니라 집합의 내용과도 분리되어 지도되기 시작하였고, 특히, 7차 교과서에서는 학습자의 활동 자체를 통한 이해가 매우 강조되고 있다. 약수와 배수에 대한 지도 방법은 교과서 개편을 거듭하는 동안 수학적 체계를 갖추 기 위해 학습 요소의 정돈이 이루어졌고, 교수학적 변환 역시 교과서가 개편됨에 따라 점차 체계적인 형태를 갖추게 되었다.

• Architectural research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Importance of FM has rapidly increased because of its growing business. However, due to lack of clarity and identity of FM in professional areas, standardization of FM became to be imperative in such a rapidly changing global business environment. Facility services are defined as the provision of support the primary activities of an organization, delivered by an internal or external provider. Majority of FM activities are services related to 'space and infrastructure' and 'people and organization' (CEN, 2011). The purpose of this study is to investigate definitions and characteristics of FM from both globally and domestic environment, by comparison with international or national standards, to identify quality management in FM and service characteristics of FM, to investigate the differences in service level elaboration in FM, and to suggest standard issues of quality management in FM service quality. This study examines contents of the European Standards in FM, Part 3 'Guidance on quality in Facility Management, especially for the process of QM standardized by CEN (2011) and explores undefined issues such as service level, measurement metrics according to service characteristics of FM. The European FM Standard guides the common process of QM in terms of requirements specification, service level elaboration, measurement metrics development although it does not specifically address various service levels, specific performance metrics and indicators.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.102-115
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate transport activities and strategize improvement of 119 rescue. We reviewed emergency care records of users who were transported by 119 rescue of six agencies in Chungnam from July 13, 1998 to August 8, 1998. The results were as follows ; 1. In sex distribution of users, the male was 65.0%. And the highest age group among users was above sixties(21.6%), then thirties in second order(19.3%). Accident was 50.8% as occupied first cause of transport, and then acute disease 22.8%. The highest requester for 119 rescue call was patient's families(47.1%) and average number of 119 rescue users per day was 20.9. 2. The nonurgent state of users was 58.9%. The frequency of users was 26.0 persons at sunday in most frequently, weekend and holiday was more common than ordinary day, and most frequent weather state was cloudy(23.8 persons). 3. Total running distance of 119 ambulance was 7.0km in average. Call time by users was 20-24 hours most commonly(21.9%). In then running time by each transport stage, 8 minutes were taken from 119 call receipt to scene arrival, 13 minutes from scene arrival to hospital. The kinds of pre-hospital care by 119 rescuer was vital sign check(81.2%), wound dressing or fracture fixation(41.2%), airway maintenance and O2 supply(30.4%).

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.365-389
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to present the task model that is the most effective in English language methodology based on the investigation of task-based performance in Korean EFL classroom practice. The subjects were 538 high school students and 126 high school teachers, each of whom had common experiences using the materials of task-based activities for more than one year. To analyze the data, the program SPSS WIN 11.0 including frequency distribution and chi-square analysis was used. The results of the questionnaire analysis showed that both teachers and students had a comparatively high level of satisfaction in task rationale, but that they had some mixed responses in the fields of input data, settings, and activity types. To conclude, a few suggestions are made to provide some meaningful considerations for the EFL teachers and material developers: a) task goals and rationale that encourage the learner's positive motivation; b) authenticity of input data based on the real-world context; c) collaborative learning environment that enhances communicative interaction; d) proportional representation of the creative problem-solving activities related to discussions and decision-making processes; e) systematic introduction of integrated language skills. It also suggests that the multi-lateral task model, which has some positive assets compared to previous task models, be newly introduced and applied to the second language learning classrooms.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2003

Fluoranthene, a common polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), exhibits phototoxicity which may affect aquatic organisms. The eventual goal of this study is to develop a biomarker of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) used in monitoring hazardous chemicals in the ecosystem. In this study we investigated neural toxicity of fluoranthene in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) along with comparative analysis of corresponding behavioral response. The untreated individuals shooed normal behavioral characteristics (i. e., smooth and linear movements). The treated fish, however, showed stopping and abrupt change of orientation (100 ppb), and severely reduced locomotive activity and enhanced surfacing activity (1,000 ppb). Treatment of the medaka fish with fluoranthene caused a significant suppresson of acetycholine esterase (AChE) activities in the body portion but not in the head portion. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of fluoranthene for 24 hr, the body AChE activities decreased from 126.${\pm}$31.89 (nmoles substrate hydrolyzed per min per mg protein) to 49.51${\pm}$11.99. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head and body portions were comparatively analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Five organs of the medaka fish showing a strong TH protein expression were the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions. This study provides molecular and neurobehavioral bases of a biomonitoring system for toxic chemicals using fish as a model organism.