• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.117-132
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• 1976

Fertilizer has been played greately on the agricultural development as well as food production and agriculture has also promoted the development of fertilizer industry. There were, however, many difficulties between supply and demand of fertilizer throughout the decade. In this regard, this paper is involved with present situation and prospect of commercial fertilizers, in view of domestic and international scheme on resources, production, and demand within the limited information. Brief history of commercial fertilizer in Korea has outlined for the introduction and fertilizer consumption per unit area also discussed.

• 기술사
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2008

Recently problems of soil and groundwater contamination occur in major construction sites of highway, dam and railways. Contaminants of oil fuels are also detected in the former fuel storage facilities of railroad station and army troops of transportation, etc. These facilities are planned as the sites of commercial infrastructures after restoration from pollutants by the law of soil environment conservation of Korea. In this manuscript, the contents of soil environment conservation law including soil assessment and restoration technology are introduced. Recent changes of soil environment area are also analyzed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.426-439
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• 2018

Purpose: To continuously monitor soil and climatic properties, a data acquisition system (DAQ) was developed and tested in plum farms (Gyewol-ri and Haechang-ri, Suncheon, Korea). Methods: The DAQ consisted of a Raspberry-Pi processor, a modem, and an ADC board with multiple sensors (soil moisture content (SEN0193), soil temperature (DS18B20), climatic temperature and humidity (DHT22), and rainfall gauge (TR-525M)). In the laboratory, various tests were conducted to calibrate SEN0193 at different soil moistures, soil temperatures, depths, and bulk densities. For performance comparison of the SEN0193 sensor, two commercial moisture sensors (SMS-BTA and WT-1000B) were tested in the field. The collected field data in Raspberry-Pi were transmitted and stored on a web server database through a commercial communications wireless network. Results: In laboratory tests, it was found that the SEN0193 sensor voltage reading increased significantly with an increase in soil bulk density. A linear calibration equation was developed between voltage and soil moisture content depending on the farm soil bulk density. In field tests, the SEN0193 sensor showed linearity (R = 0.76 and 0.73) between output voltage and moisture content; however, the other two sensors showed no linearity, indicating that site-specific calibration is important for accurate sensing. In the long-term monitoring results, it was observed that the measured climate temperature was almost the same as website information. Soil temperature information was higher than the values measured by DS18B20 during spring and summer. However, the local rainfall measured using TR 525M was significantly different from the values on the website. Conclusion: Based on the test results obtained using the developed monitoring system, it is thought that the measurement of various parameters using one device would be helpful in monitoring plum growth. Field data from the local farm monitoring system can be coupled with website information from the weather station and used more efficiently.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.420-426
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• 1998

토양미생물(土壤微生物) 특히, 방선균(放線菌)의 수(數)는 천연유기물(天然有機物) 첨가구(添加區)가 그외 첨가물(添加物) 시용구(施用區)보다 월등히 높았으며, 또한 첨가(添加)되는 유기물(有機物)의 C/N비(比)에 따라서도 균수(菌數)의 변화(變化)가 있었다. C/N비(比)가 낮을수록 방선균수(放線菌數)의 증가(增加)는 크나 단기간에 감소(減少)하고 C/N비(比)가 높으면 지속적인 방선균수(放線菌數)유지를 보여준다. 그리고 방선균수(放線菌數)는 pH의 영향(影響)을 크게 받는다. 토양(土壤)의 pH가 배양후기(培養後期)로 접어들면서 감소(減少)하였고 토양중(土壤中) 미생물(微生物)의 균수(菌數)도 감소(減少)하였다. 방선균(放線菌)의 수(數)는 14일째 대조구(對照區)에서 4배(倍), 크로버 시용구(施用區)에서 36배(倍), 볏짚시용구(施用區)에서 20배(倍), 화학비료시용구(化學肥料施用區)에서 5배(倍), 유기질(有機質) 발효비료(醱酵肥料) 시용구(施用區)에서 4배(倍)의 증가(增加)를 보였다. 14일째의 방선균중(放線菌中) Streptomyces속(屬)의 비율(比率)은 대조구(對照區) 62%, 크로버 시용구(施用區) 60%, 볏짚 시용구(施用區) 68%, 화학비료(化學肥料) 시용구(施用區) 67%, 그리고 유기질(有機質) 발효비료(醱酵肥料) 시용구(施用區) 64%로 볏짚시용구(施用區)가 가장 높은 비율을 보였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2021

산꼬리풀[Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T. Yamaz.]은 한반도의 전국 산지에 분포하는 다년생 초본식물이다. 초장은 40 ~ 80 cm로 전초는 기관지염을 치료하는 약용식물로 사용되며 7 ~ 8월에 피는 꽃은 정원용이나 절화 소재로도 이용할 수 있어 신 관상식물로서 가치가 있다. 본 연구는 산꼬리풀의 영양번식 체계를 확립하기 위하여 식물생장조절제, 삽목용토, 삽수부위, 잎 절단 처리에 따른 발근 효과를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 2017년 3월 국립수목원 식물자원연구과 부속온실에서 채취한 삽수는 생장조절제의 종류 및 농도, 삽목용토, 삽수부위, 잎 절단 처리를 한 후 6주간 삽목상에 두고 관찰하였다. 식물생장조절제 처리 실험에서는 100 mg/LIBA 처리구에서 근수, 신초 길이가 증가하였고, 고농도에서 신초의 발생이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 삽목용토 실험에서는 원예상토 단용 처리구에서 녹소토 단용 처리구보다 근수는 19.4개, 신초 길이는 4.8 cm 더 증가하였다. 삽수 부위 실험에서 근수는 정단부에서 56.6개로 기부보다 17.8개 증가하였고 신초 길이도 1.8배 증가하였다. 잎 절단 실험에서는 none-cut 처리구에서 근수와 신초 길이가 cut 처리구보다 각각 17.3개, 1.9개 증가하였다. 본 연구의 모든 처리구에서 뿌리가 형성되었고, 고농도의 생장조절제 처리를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 신초가 형성되어 산꼬리풀은 삽목이 잘되는 종으로 판단되었다. 또한, 정단부의 삽수를 채취하여 삽수에 붙어있는 잎은 자르지 않고 원예상토에 삽목하는 것이 뿌리와 신초 발달을 증가시켰다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a 100 kPa soil tensiometer mainly consisted of a porous ceramic cup, water-holding tube, and a digital vacuum gauge, through theoretical design analysis and experimental performance evaluation. Major findings were as follows. 1. Theoretical analysis showed that air entry value of a porous media decreased as the maximum effective size of the pore increased, and the maximum diameter of the pores was $2.9\;{\mu}m$ for measuring up a 100 kPa of soil-water tension. 2. Property analysis of tensiometer porous cups supplied in Korean domestic market indicated that main components were $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ with a porosity range of $33.8{\sim}49.3%$. 3. The porous cup selected through sample fabrication and air-permeability tests showed weight ratios of 87% and 11% for $Al_2O_3$ and $SiO_2$. The analysis of SEM (scanning electron microscope) images showed that the sample was sintered at temperatures of about $1150^{\circ}C$, which consisted of pores with sizes of up to 25% of those for commercial porous cups. 4. The prototype soil tensiometer was fabricated using the developed porous cup and a digital vacuum gauge that could measure water tension with a pressure of 85 kPa in air tests. 5. In-soil tests of the prototype conducted during a period of 25-day drying showed that soil-water tension values measured with the prototype and commercial units were not significantly different, and soil-water characteristic curves could be established for different soils, confirming accuracy and stability of the prototype.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

Carbon sequestration on soil is one of the counter measurements against climate change in agricultural sector. Increasing incorporation of organic fertilizer would increase soil organic carbon (SOC) but it could bring high potential of nutrient losses which would result in water quality degradation. In this paper, literature review on soil organic carbon behavior according to agricultural management is presented. The results of field experiment to identify the effect of organic and commercial fertilizer applications on SOC and runoff water quality were also presented. Field experiment confirmed increased SOC and nutrient concentrations in runoff water as application rate of organic fertilizer increase. The potential use of simulation model to develop best agricultural management practice considering carbon sequestration and water quality conservation at the same time is discussed and monitoring and modeling strategies are also suggested to achieve the goal.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.140-143
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• 2001

The packed column experiments were conducted with commercial Jumunjin sand(SOM content : 0.01 %) and a field soil(SOM content : 0.08 %) in order to understand the effects of water content and soil organic matter(SOM) on the transport of gaseous ozone in unsaturated soil contaminated with phenanthrene. Water content and SOM content were artificially controlled. As water content increased, earlier breakthrough was observed in the beginning of BTC of ozone, because direct contact of gaseous ozone with SOM and phenanthrene was prevented by water film formed between soil particles and gaseous ozone. The total removal of phenanthrene in Jumunjin sand was not affected by water content which was more than 99% at different water content(4.4, 8, 17.3%). However, the removal in field soil at water content 6.5 % and 20 % was 98% and 80 %.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.671-678
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• 2007

Formulations of compact and supercompact heavy-duty detergents, which are being used widely around the world, differ from those of conventional heavy-duty detergents. Significant differences in composition exist between the compact detergents and the conventional detergents. The compact detergents have a higher content of surfactants, oxygen bleach and enzymes than the conventional detergents. We have studied to find the most effective washing conditions of artificially soiled cloths with a commercial, supercompact, heavy-duty detergent and a drum type washing machine which is becoming the preferred type in Korea. Moreover, we have studied the washing performance with an impeller type washing machine, which has heretofore been the most popular type in East Asia. With the drum-type washing machine, washing performances improved as the washing temperatures went up and the washing times were lengthened. Though the rate of soil removal with a double recommended dosage was higher than with the recommended amount at $20^{\circ}C$, the effects of the higher dosage decreased as the washing temperatures increased. Finally, the washing performances with the two different dosages were the same at $60^{\circ}C$. The washing performances at $40^{\circ}C$ with the recommended dosage for 90 minutes were the same as with the double recommended dosage for 45 minutes. The soil removal efficiencies with the impeller-type washing machine were much lower than those of the drum-type washing machine. The reasons for this were the higher bath ratio that led to the lower concentration of wash liquor, the shorter washing time, and the lower washing temperature.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.725-732
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• 1994

To provide a basis for setting up an environmental pollution policy of Pusan, an investigation of metal contents in the soil of Pusan was carried out from May, 1993 to April, 1994. Soil was sampled from 10 sites of industrial area,8 sites of commercial area, 8 sites of residential area, 8 sites of green area and 8 sites of agricultural area. The industrial area was the most heavily polluted and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.580, 19.377, 67.348, 59.638, 58.555 and 1.006 ppm, respectively. In the soil of commercial area, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.453, 19.110, 63.384, 56.006, 37.466 and 0.578 ppm, respectively, and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.289, 10.312, 55.246, 55.536, 17.695 and 0.610 ppm, respectively, in the soil of residential area. The green area was the least polluted and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.215, 5.949, 19.366, 37.244, 6.856 and 0.295 ppm, respectively. In the soil of agricultural area, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.160, 7.077, 25.365, 51.485, 10.607 and 0.499 ppm, respectively The fact that the Cd content of agricultural area was lower than that of green area is remarkable.