• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

This paper describes a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system developed for the heat source apparatus in building air-conditioning system. As HVAC&R systems in building become complex and instrumented with highly automated controllers, the processes and systems get more difficult for the operator to understand and detect the mal-functions. Poorly maintained, degraded, and improperly controlled equipment wastes an estimated 15% to 30% of energy used in commercial building. When operating a complex facility, FDD system is beneficial in equipment management to provide the operator with tools which can help in decision making for recovery from a failure of the system. Automated FDD for HVAC&R system has the potential to reduce energy and maintenance costs and improves comfort and reliability. Over the last decade there has been considerable research for developing FDD system for HVAC&R equipment. However, they are being made too much of a theoretical study, so only a small of FDD methods are deployed in the field. This study deduced an actual defect source for the heat source apparatus and suggested a low price FDD method which is ready to be deployed in the field.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

"A practical architect might not unnaturally conceive the idea of erecting a vast edifice whose frame should be entirely of iron, and clothing the frame--preserving it--by means of a casing of stone…that shell must be regarded only as an envelope, having no function other than supporting itself..." --Viollet-le-Duc, 1868. Viollet-le-Duc's recipe for an encased iron frame foresaw the separation of structural and enclosing functions into discrete systems. This separation is an essential characteristic of skyscrapers today, but at the time of his writing cast iron's brittle nature meant that iron frames could not, on their own, resist lateral forces in tall structures. Instead, tall buildings had to be braced with masonry shear walls, which often also served as environmental enclosure. The commercial availability of steel after the 1880s allowed for self-braced metal frames while parallel advances in glass and terra cotta allowed exterior walls to achieve vanishingly thin proportions. Two Chicago buildings by D.H. Burnham & Co. were the first to match a frame "entirely of iron" with an "envelope" supporting only itself. The Reliance Building (1895) was the first of these, but the Fisher Building (1896) more fully exploited this new constructive typology, eschewing brick entirely, to become the first "building without walls," a break with millennia of tall construction reliant upon masonry

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.647-653
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• 2013

TABS (Thermally Activated Building System) has recently applied by huge commercial buildings, airports, and convention centers in Europe. TABS provides night-time thermal storage by heating or cooling. The embedded water-based heating and cooling system uses the high thermal inertia of concrete in the building construction, in which a heating or cooling pipe is embedded. The aim of this study is to analyze the thermal storage and thermal output of TABS applied with PCM (Phase Change Material). To achieve this, prototypes of TABS and the thermal properties of various PCMs were investigated. By using the simulation program Physibel Voltra 6.0 W, the thermal storage and thermal output were evaluated according to a heating and cooling operation schedule.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.14-15
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• 2018

Logistics facilities are characterized by wide spans and high flooring, most of which are constructed with PC (Precast Concrete) methods to meet a wide range of commercial and industrial needs. However, the PC structure is a pin joint design, and the construction cost is increased due to the restrictions caused by the installation process, and the construction period is lengthened. In order to solve the above problem, SMART Frame, which is a structural system similar to the steel frame structure, was developed by embedding a steel frame at both ends of the PC. The purpose of this study is to analyze the erection time reduction effect of steel connected precast concrete components (SMART frames) for long span and heavy loaded logistics buildings compared to existing PC frames. For this study, a logistics building constructed with pin joint PC components is selected as a case. The result is compared with the existing PC frame to confirm the erection time reduction effect.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.487-496
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• 2012

Recently, utilization of building foundations as ground-coupled heat exchangers has attracted much attention because they reduce the cost and enhance the heat transfer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of energy-slab ground-coupled heat exchanger installed in a commercial building. In order to demonstrate the energy transfer characteristics of the energy-slab, experiments were conducted from October 2010 to September 2011. The 1-year measurement results showed that the mean EWTs of brine returning from the energy-slab were $9.6^{\circ}C$ in heating season and $24.9^{\circ}C$ in cooling season, which were in a range of design target temperatures. In addition, the geothermal heat pump system with the energy-slab showed on-off operation according to the setting temperatures of secondary fluid in water storage tank. The results also showed that the energy-slab extracted heat of 198.6 kW from the ground and injected heat of 318.9 kW to the ground, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.862-865
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• 2004

The system air conditioner has an outdoor unit and a number of indoor units, which connected by several long pipes. In comparison with building HAVC system, the system air conditioner doesn't need lots of facilities, such as control of room, cooling tower, etc. At the beginning stage for the market of the system air conditioner, its main application was a school which size is small to use the building HAVC and large to use home air conditioning system, such as PAC (package air conditioner), RAC (room air conditioner). Therefore, because of the advantages of the system air conditioner mentioned above, the market is expanded rapidly. Since it is difficult to evaluate the noise caused by the system air conditioner because it has to be implemented before the finish of construction, the prediction or estimation of the noise by using CAE technology should be very important. In this research, using a commercial code, RAYNOISE, the noise is estimated to improve the design of building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.170-171
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• 2021

In Korea, the concentration of cities has led to the high-rise and deep-rise of buildings. In the case of such high-rise buildings, there is a high risk of fire, and the number of internal fires expanding to the outside continues to increase. The Korean Building Act continues to change the ban on combustible exterior materials, and combustible exterior materials are currently not available for buildings with three stories or more than 9 meters, and detailed test standards for finishing materials are also strengthened after the Ulsan residential and commercial fires in 2020. However, the path of fire in the actual building is through a series of processes in which the fire in the compartment grows internally and expands through openings supplied with ventilation factors. Therefore, other than just external materials, design criteria for embedded materials also need to be established. The purpose of this study is to compare standards for internal and external materials at home and abroad and to secure basic data for fire safety design of buildings based on them.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2017

The importance of designing urban building complexes so that they obtain 'urban' power, rather than become isolated from the surrounding urban context, has been well recognized by both researchers and practitioners. Nevertheless, most current discussions are made from architects' personal experiences and intuition, and lack a quantitative understanding, to which obstacles include an in-depth exploration of the 'urban' power between building complexes and the urban environment. This paper attempts to measure this feature of 'urban', i.e., 'urbanity,' through a new analytical approach derived from the opendata environment. Three measurements that can be easily collected though the Google Maps API and Open Street Map are applied herein to evaluate high or low values of urbanity. Specifically, these are 'metric depth', i.e., the scale of extended public space, 'development density', i.e., density and distribution of point of interests (POIs), and 'type diversity', i.e., diversity of different commercial types. Six cases located in Japan, China and Hong Kong respectively are ranked based on this analytical approach and compared with each other. It shows that Japanese cases, i.e., Osaka Station City and Namba Parks, Osaka, obtained clearly higher values than cases in Shanghai and Hong Kong. On one hand, the insight generated from measuring and explaining 'urban' power would help to assist better implementation of this feature in the design of urban building complexes. On the other hand, this analytical approach can be easily extended to achieve a large-scale measurement and comparison among different urban building complexes, which is also helpful for design practitioners.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.531-542
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• 2018

Building energy demands have highly risen in modern society; thus, It is necessary to reduce building energy demands especially commercial buildings adopting a curtain wall architecture. Curtain wall architectures have a high ratio of windows which is a vulnerable in heat insulations as cladding. In order to complement insulation performance of windows in these buildings, there are various methods adopted often such as installing blinds, wing wall and films. There are two suggestions of this paper. 1) WWR (Window-to-Wall Ratio) makes a impaction of energy demands in buildings. 2) Another one is an efficiency of blind systems which are installed in buildings in order to reduce cooling demands. It is also critical to make fundamental model for low-energy building construction by processing a lot of simulation As a result by this study, 1) an external blind system is more useful for reducing cooling energy demands rather than an internal blind system. 2) Buildings which have a large window require more amount of cooling demands. In case of WWR 45%, it needs more cooling energy rather than WWR 15% model's 3) Adopting blind system would reduce energy demands. WWR 45% model with external blind systems reduces about 4% of cooling energy demands compared to same model without any blind systems.4) it is necessary to study an efficiency of blind systems combined with renewable energy and it will be possible to reduce more energy demand in building significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

In Korea, it is also mandatory for most buildings to receive energy efficiency rating certification from 2020 for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and expanding green buildings. However, the issue of the accuracy of the ECO2 program continues to be raised, and comparisons have been made with dynamic energy analysis programs in a single type of building according to a single area. However, comparisons between multiple building types and multiple areas are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, cooling and heating loads according to multiple building types and multiple areas were analyzed through ECO2 and TRNSYS programs. The regions were supposed to be Seoul, Daejeon, Gwangju, and Busan and the building types were supposed to be office buildings and apartment houses. The annual average building load values from ECO2 were higher than those from TRNSYS. Among residential buildings across the four regions, the largest discrepancy was 41.4% in Seoul. Conversely, for commercial buildings, the most significant difference in annual average loads was noted in Gwangju, at 37.9%.