• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.4
• /
• pp.105-121
• /
• 2006

The term 'modern', in broader sense, refers to the concepts like modernity, modernization, modernism and the like, which came from Westernization impling the recognition of indigenous culture as being inferior to Western culture by comparison along with the expanded influences of the Empire of Japan. These concepts, however, rather than evolving from Western standards, came into being as a form of civilization led by Japan which had already tasted the fruits of modernization by 1920s. Since 1920s, the policy of, so-called, reconstructing Asian countries by Japan came to create eastern way of modernism, as a new East Asian trend mainly revealed in China which was against colonization after Japan's invasion and conquest of Manchuria. Therefore, Eastern' modern' unlike Western one could be understood in the widespread terminology, 'Modern(摩登)' in Shanghai, reflecting consciousness like 'Fashion' or 'Trend' in female images on a variety of visual media. By 1930s it was the most notable that 'modern' was accepted as something similar with 'Fashion', or 'Trend' in sociocultural contexts. These atmosphere had led commercial arts to enable to communicate with the public in a great deal of supports and success in Shanghai which was widely regarded as the citadel for the inflow of Western culture, among which transformations in female images were remarkable as a representative form of culture. It is also remarkable that 'historical modernity' transforming from the feudal age to modern society was considered a synchronic modernity, and nationalism was regarded as a sort of being modern, while involved in the newly-changed female images as a fashion mode. Changes in fashion including hair style in Shanghai by 1930s, as a way of expressions showing what was modern through commercial artistic productions, were easily noticed in visual media as an outlet of modern women's inner desire revealing their pursuit for new mode of life in metropolitan cities. As a characteristic of the time creating a new code of visual female images, it is notable that there existed another form of 'modern' satisfying socio-cultural needs of the general public seeking for being 'modern'.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.725-732
• /
• 1994

To provide a basis for setting up an environmental pollution policy of Pusan, an investigation of metal contents in the soil of Pusan was carried out from May, 1993 to April, 1994. Soil was sampled from 10 sites of industrial area,8 sites of commercial area, 8 sites of residential area, 8 sites of green area and 8 sites of agricultural area. The industrial area was the most heavily polluted and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.580, 19.377, 67.348, 59.638, 58.555 and 1.006 ppm, respectively. In the soil of commercial area, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.453, 19.110, 63.384, 56.006, 37.466 and 0.578 ppm, respectively, and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.289, 10.312, 55.246, 55.536, 17.695 and 0.610 ppm, respectively, in the soil of residential area. The green area was the least polluted and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.215, 5.949, 19.366, 37.244, 6.856 and 0.295 ppm, respectively. In the soil of agricultural area, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.160, 7.077, 25.365, 51.485, 10.607 and 0.499 ppm, respectively The fact that the Cd content of agricultural area was lower than that of green area is remarkable.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.3-26
• /
• 2009

This paper is to research on the role of party autonomy in the decision of applicable law for the arbitral proceeding, arbitral award and arbitration agreement, in the decision of the place of arbitration, in the composition of arbitration tribunal, and the choice of arbitral proceedings. The principle of party autonomy is fundamental to arbitration in general and to international arbitration in particular. Generally the tenn of party autonomy is used as the autonomy of the parties to decide all aspects of an arbitration procedure subject only to certain limitations of mandatory law. Party autonomy permits the parties to a commercial arbitration to choose the laws and make the rules which govern the arbitral proceedings. Party autonomy allows the parties freedom to choose the applicable laws for the arbitral proceeding and the place of arbitration. Party autonomy is recognized in relation to the choice of law for the merits of the dispute as well as for the arbitration agreement and the arbitration procedure. On the basis of the recognition of party autonomy in international treaties, national legislation and court decisions, arbitral practice has generally accepted and enforced party autonomy both regarding the procedure and the applicable substantive law. All modern institutional rules of arbitration follow that line. Today it is recognized by national legislators all over the world to the effect that the jurisdiction of national courts can be excluded by arbitration agreement and that the parties may choose the law applicable to arbitral proceedings. Limits on party autonomy are imposed by mandatory provisions of international or national law or of institutional arbitration rules regarding the procedure. Mandatory laws at the place of the arbitration or under any procedural law chosen by the parties may restrict party autonomy. These mandatory laws usually take the form of public policy considerations in the arbitration. Limitations on party autonomy have been reduced more and more, and the trend of modern national as well as international legislation on arbitration leans clearly in the direction of a maximum of party autonomy.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.1620-1629
• /
• 2004

The objectives of access control are to protect computing and communication resources from illegal use, alteration, disclosure and destruction by unauthorized users. Although Biba security model is well suited for protecting the integrity of information, it is considered too restrictive to be an access control model for commercial environments. And, Role-Based Access Control(RBAC) model, a flexible and policy-neutral security model that is being widely accepted in commercial areas, has a possibility for compromising integrity of information. In this paper, We present the role graph model which enhanced flexibility and integrity to management of many access permission. Also, In order to represent those rule and constraints clearly, formal descriptions of role assignment rule and constraints in Z language are also given.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.319-327
• /
• 2008

The purpose of study is to investigate the customer oriented transaction environment for the customers' convenience, the plan of public policy in regard to the customer oriented T-Commerce, and the consumption pattern of customers' commercial transaction, necessary for the marketing strategy by analyzing the demand for the T-Commerce with the purchase intention and maximum willingness to pay according to the demographic factors, the pattern of commercial transaction, and the technology innovation types. The results showed that there were statistically significant relations between consumer's willingness price to pay for the T-commerce and the consumer's technology adoption types, monthly internet shopping amounts, and weekly TV-home shopping hours. The simulations on a basis of multiple regression analysis for the T-commerce were illustrated by those factors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.543-550
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the type and characteristics of Korean sports star TV commercials and to deeply investigate the relationship with social contexts and backgrounds. In order to solve the purpose of this study, This study collected data of 38,517 TV advertisements from 1970 to 2009, and analyzed data of 146 media contents. The results obtained are as follows. First, Korean sports star TV commercials showed a steady increase with the economic growth and media development of Korea, and the percentage of total TV advertisements was low. Second, sports star TV advertising plays a role of expanding the sports industry, but it shows that the efficiency of relationship persistence decreases without social situation and public recognition.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 2017

We propose the SoMA(System of Making Avatars) based on a commercial 3D game engine. It first decomposes a given character into assemblable pieces, then gives the user them as prefab components so that he or she can reassemble and/or customize them to be plenty of characters. To accomplish this, it implements the character assembly structure as an hierarchy, the upper levels of which are categorized for gross assembly, and the lower levels of which are parameterized for detailed customization. It also defines a hierarchical naming convention for ease of access to the structure. Finally, it provides body, clothes, and attachment systems to make relevant characters.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.377-413
• /
• 2004

North Korea and South Korea agreed to refer their investment disputes to arbitration by adopting' Agreed Minutes on Procedures of Settlement of Commercial Disputes' on 16th December 2000. According to the Agreed Minutes, the two Koreas were to establish an arbitration commission within 6 months after the Agreed Minutes had been signed. In 2002, North Korea enacted laws to draw interest of foreign tourists to Mountain Kumgang and to boost investment into the region of Kaesung as it provided in those laws that commercial disputes should be settled by arbitration or judicial procedures. In October 2003, the two Koreas succeeded in adopting another Agreed Minutes as to the establishment and functioning of North-South Arbitration Commission. The fact that the two Koreas have agreed to establish an arbitration commission is meaningful since they are leading their lives quite differently in political, social, and economic sense for more than a half century. Although there still remain doubts as to the North Korean policy on nuclear matters, an arbitration commission could be a cornerstone for the set-up of the dispute settlement system between the two Koreas and a great help for investors from South Korea to pursue their possible legal claims as North Korea is eager to invite South Korean businessmen and other foreign investors to invest in its special economic areas. According to the Agreed Minutes of 2003, the two Koreas are going to adopt procedural rules for the arbitration commission. It will be a great challenge for them to agree on specific issues as to the operation of the arbitration commission. They have to set up a rester of arbitrators respectively and may have to enact or revise their own arbitration laws and rules reflecting the Agreed Minutes of 2000 and 2003. It is quite welcome that the two Koreas have agreed to set up an arbitration commission rather than resort to political or diplomatic means to settle their disputes. The success of the arbitration system between the two Koreas will make sure the safety of investment environment in the northen part of the Korean Peninsula and will bring the peace to the Korean peninsula earlier than expected.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of articulation and sponsorship according to the native fit level. Especially this study is focused on the moderating effect of articulation type and thinking style. The results of this study are as follows. 1) An articulation effect appears more in the low native fit than the high one. 2), 3) The moderating effect appears in articulation type, but partially in thinking style. Namely, the difference in the articulation effect appears between commercial and non commercial articulation, but it does partially between holistic thinkers and analytic thinkers. 3) The higher articulation effect is, the more sponsorship effect(attitude toward sponsor and sponsor brand) is. The results of this study contribute theoretical and managerial implications about articulation and its effect as an effective means in marketing communications.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect that local government's information release range on Covid-19 patients' contact trace on consumer sentiment in the region. One hundred twenty-eight residents of Gangnam-gu and Seocho-gu participated in the study. The results showed that when ambiguity of information increased perceived anxiety on Covid-19 patients' contact trace, which in turn led lower intention to visit the commercial district near the Covid-19 patients' contact trace. Based on the findings, several suggestions was proposed for future research, including longitudinal studies covering even the "long-term" changes in consumer sentiment, the effect of implicit anxiety, and the behavioral difference between residence and non-residence.