• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the microbial characteristics of the urban air pollution in the subway stations, streets, department stores, wholesale markets, underground shopping centers, buildings, parks, houses and apartments in the Seoul and the suburbs area. Total cell count, total mold count and the presence of opportunistic pathogens(Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp.) were evaluated determine the microbial air quality. Total cell count and mold count of indoor air in the houses and apartments were 2.9$\times$10$^2$-6.3$\times$10$^2$cfu/㎥ and 60-1.8$\times$10$^2$cfu/㎥, respectively, and the department stores and wholesale markets had much lower cell count than the houses and apartments. Ground level of commercial stations were 2.6 fold higher than the general subway stations, and Apergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. which could cause the bronchus and lung diseases were detected 17 sampling site out of 45. Dust were collected from the commercial facilities and houses, and total cell and mold count of the dust were 4.3$\times$10$^3$-1.7$\times$10$^{6}$ cfu/g and 2.3$\times$10$^3$-6.5 $\times$10$^4$cfu/g, respectively. Therefore the dust might be one of the main reservoir of microorganims.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.31-46
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• 2024

This study provides a micro-level analysis of the changes in Cheongnyong-dong, aiming to identify the interactions between function and form within the historical flow of urban architecture. Focusing on the characteristics of urban architecture in Cheongnyong-dong, this research particularly examines the transformations in layout and façade from the 1970s to the 1990s. By analyzing materials and windows of both the front and rear façades, as well as the differences between the first and upper floors, the study sheds light on the evolving patterns of urban architecture. From the 1970s to the 1990s, residential buildings accelerated changes in urban architecture by reinforcing unity in materials and creating more volumetric façades. In contrast, neighborhood facilities and mixed-use buildings displayed a clearer distinction between commercial and residential functions, with pronounced differences in material usage between the first and upper floors, as well as between the front and rear façades. This implies that while residential buildings change based on plots, commercial and mixed-use buildings transform according to their functions, resulting in varying speeds of physical change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.20-26
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• 2024

Water management is crucial for the performance, durability, and stability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). Due to its importance, various methods for visualizing PEMFC's internal water distribution have been adapted to study and manage water within the cells. However, these methods often require large facilities, leading to high costs and significant barriers to entry. This study addresses these challenges by using a commercial Radiation (X-ray) Generator (RG) for internal water distribution visualization and comparing the results with synchrotron X-ray data from the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) 9D beamline. Despite the lower resolution and potential beam distortion challenges, the RG shows promise for PEMFC water distribution visualization, suggesting the need for further research to refine water attenuation coefficients and build-up factors for improved measurement accuracy.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 1999

Limited landfill area and finance as well as a large generation of food wastes, have called for systematic approaches towards potential cost savings. In this study, the regional management system of food wastes generated from the residential and commercial sources was considered in three cities bounded each other; Changwon, Masan, and Jinhae city. Total thirteen alternatives were established and compared by applying the WRAP (Waste Resource Allocation Program). The following results were obtained: 1. While relatively small amounts were generated from the commercial sources such as cafeteria, restaurants, and market facilities, almost 80% of food wastes were generated from the residential sources. 2. Unit costs for food waste management in three cities were different according to their present situation such as the type and location of major generation sources and treatment facilities. Especially, the highest cost appeared in Jinhae city due to the most expensive construction of coastal landfill site. 3. Considering proper revenue, the whole conversion of food waste into animal feed was selected as the optimal alternative and represented 60% to 74% of the management cost of the whole landfill alternative in all cities. Comparing the other alternatives, composting of food waste was more economical than landfill alternative and the incineration was the most expensive alternative. 4. Some of the regional management systems using common food waste processing facilities together in three cities showed to be more economical than the single management system. Therefore, more detailed research for the regional management systems of food waste was recommended.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2001

Resident's attitude and evaluation about local or urban development policies is a major factor in the process of the regional and urban 1)tanning and its practices. Therefore there are numerous studies pointing to analysis about the evaluation of the urban development policies. The purpose of this paper is concerned on the residents'cognitions, attitudes and evaluation about of urban development policy of Sunchon City in South Korea. Research area, Suncgon city, has been served as a central place of eastern Chollanamdo since 1920 and now functions as economic and commercial leading city of Kwangyang-bay area. In addition, Sunchon city is fastly growned with the influence of national development policy including the establishment of major industrial estates and the construction of container port in Kwangyang-bay area. In the overall cognition and evaluation about the quality of life of Sunchon city, most people are satisfied with the quality of life of urban living comparing with near cities such as Kwangyang and Yosu city. In particular, the level of satisfaction about education, transportation, natural environment are relatively higher than economic condition and living facilities. Most of residents have positive attitude and evaluation about the image of future urban development, and prefer to culture and education city in urban function of Sunchon city. Therefore, in order to function as a central city of Kwangyang-bay area. Sunchon city have to adopt new urban development policy including such as reconstruction of urban spatial structure, strengthening of culture and education functions, and the related facilities, restructuring of regional industrial structure. and expansion of commercial and shopping facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

Remote sensing technology using a multi-spectral satellite imagery can be utilized for the analysis of urban heat island effect in large area. However, weather condition of Korea mostly has a lot of clouds and it makes periodical observation using time-series of satellite images difficult. For this reason, we proposed the analysis of urban heat island effect using time-series of Landsat TM images and ATC model. To analyze vegetation condition and urbanization, NDVI and NDBI were calculated from Landsat images. In addition, land surface temperature was calculated from thermal infrared images to estimate the parameters of ATC model. Furthermore, the parameters of ATC model were compared based on the land cover map created by Korean Ministry of Environment to analyze urban heat island effect relating to the pattern of land use and land cover. As a result of a correlation analysis between calculated spectral indices and parameters of ATC model, MAST had high correlation with NDVI and NDBI (-0.76 and 0.69, respectively) and YAST also had correlation with NDVI and NDBI (-0.53 and 0.42, respectively). By comparing the parameters of ATC model based on land cover map, urban area had higher MAST and YAST than agricultural land and grassland. In particular, residential areas, industrial areas, commercial areas and transportation facilities showed higher MAST than cultural facilities and public facilities. Moreover, residential areas, industrial areas and commercial areas had higher YAST than the other urban areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-172
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• 2016

This study analyzes the process of growth of Busan from a fishing village to the capital city of South Gyeongsang Province and the central city of transportation and commerce, and an industry with records. The results of the analysis are as follows: after the port opened in 1876, there has been a decline in settlement spaces in Dongnae; on the other hand, there has been an increase in migration spaces around the port of Busan. Waegwan (倭館) nearby Yongdusan Mountain (龍頭山) was changed to the Japanese concession; thus, the number of Japanese moving into Busan had rapidly increased. As a result, the Japanese government carried out reclamation work for securing available lands for the construction of port facilities and other facilities. The Japanese government built public offices and houses, as well as production facilities for daily necessities around the port of Busan. The opening of the Seoul Busan railway (京釜線) and the cross-channel liner between Busan and Shimonoseki (釜關連絡船) led to the growth of Busan and the development of its status. At this time, as the main industry of Busan was trade, Busan had grown as a commercial city. As Busan had grown as a central city of transportation and commerce, the provincial government building of Gyeongsangnam-do (慶尙南道) moved to Busan. Thus, Busan became the central city of local politics and administration. After the Land Survey Project, a large scale of farmers were recruited for low-wage work in the new port. Because of the abolition of the corporation law, Japanese capitalists moved into their colony in Busan. There, large-scale factories, such as the Joseon cotton textile factory, were established. Through this process, the locality of Busan was changed from a fishing village to a commercial city and, finally, to a city of commerce and industry.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.44-57
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• 2019

It is crucial to understand how people make decisions on mode choice and to accurately predict their behaviors in transportation planning. One of avenues for advancing modeling is, in particular, taking into account for taste heterogeneity in modeling that can incorporate different decision-making processes across group. In this study, we hypothesize that how people make decisions on mode choice would differ by destination in that land use characteristics are heterogeneous by zone even if zones are all in the same area. To this end, we apply Latent Class Modeling (LCM) to commute trips in Seoul by using 2010 household travel diary survey, investigate types of latent classes with the aid of characteristics of destination, and analyze how those classes differently response to factors. The LCM identifies two classes: in the first one, modal split of auto and public transit (bus and metro) is almost half-and-half and the trip destinations are characterized by relatively more residence facilities and less business/commercial facilities; in the second one, public transit has a notably high share and trip destinations are characterized by relatively more business/commercial facilities. In addition, it turns out that demographic and socio-economic variables affect mode choice differently by class.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 2023

In this research, the usage status and characteristics of user big data of Mobike, a dockless bike sharing service introduced in Suwon city, were analyzed, and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing the demand for dockless bike sharing service. For analysis, usage data of bike sharing system in Suwon city in 2019 were obtained, and they were organized by areas. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of the influencing factors selected for each area, it was found that the extension of bicycle roads shows high in areas with high demand for bicycles or adjacent areas. Also, the population of 10-30's shows high in areas with high demand for bicycles or adjacent areas. In addition, it was analyzed that the use of bike sharing system is high in areas with high maintenance rate of bicycle roads and large-scale residential and commercial facilities near residential districts and adjacent areas. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, it is analyzed that length of bicycle·pedestrian roads (non-separated), population of 10-30's, number of railway stations, number of schools, number of commercial facilities, number of industrial facilities factors were significant. It is expected that it may be possible to create an environment in which citizens want to use dockless bike sharing service by identifying factors affecting the number of stationless shared bicycles. Also, the results of data analysis are considered to be contributing to policy data to promote the use of dockless bike sharing.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2023

Upon examining land prices in the eastern district of Gyeongseong, it was observed that there were variations in land prices between the northern and southern areas, with the central part being densely populated with modern facilities such as hospitals, schools, and research institutions. As a result, the eastern district of Gyeongseong was further divided into specific sub-areas, namely the northeastern and southeastern, for a more detailed analysis of the land market in each area. In the northeastern area, factors such as distance from the central area and proximity to planned roads were found to have an impact on land prices. On the other hand, in the southeastern area, the distance between the main road, whice were IHyun Road and Jongro, was identified as a significant influencer of land prices. Therefore, the northeastern area exhibited characteristics of a hinterland, influenced by the concentration of major facilities in the central area, while the southeastern area had a strong commercial orientation, largely shaped by the influence of Jongro as a bustling commercial district. This study is significant in that it sheds light on certain aspects of the modern land market by demonstrating that factors such as accessibility to roads and anchor facilities, as well as the segmentation of the land market, were also influential in the land market a century ago.