• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.27-42
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial characteristics of the parcels in which building construction occurred. In recent, urban development patterns in Korea have been shifting from the past. Small-scale development at parcel level is becoming more important in accordance with individual location needs in the low-growth era unlike public lead large-scale urban development in the rapid growth period. Therefore, it is necessary to study the spatial characteristics of the parcels where small-scale development takes place for future urban development management. This study used the chi square independence test, t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to identify the spatial characteristics. The results of the study show that there is a spatial characteristics difference not only between building construction and non-building construction parcels, but also by type of building construction. The parcel where the building construction occurred have a higher proportion in detached house, major commercial districts, district unit planning areas, and commercial areas. In addition, it is caused by parcels, which are large scale and economically valuable, and are influenced by traffic factors such as urban centers and subway accessibility. As a result of each type of building construction, the parcels where the building use change occurred have spatial characteristic difference compared to other building construction, while the spatial characteristics are similar between the new construction/extension and new construction/extension with change of use. Based on this results, it will be possible to identify areas with high demand for small-scale development in the future and to utilize them for planning management of urban development. Furthermore, it will be possible to manage development demand by type of building construction, and to prepare differentiated plans considering the appropriateness of development plan, availability of infrastructure, and harmony with surrounding environment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.6 s.169
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• pp.631-645
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• 2004

This study assesses groundwater vulnerability to contaminants in industrial and residential/commercial areas of the city of Changwon, using DRASTIC technique and groundwater data. The DRASTIC technique was originally applied to situations in which the contamination sources are at the ground surface, and the contaminants flow into the groundwater with infiltration of rainfall. Mostly the industrial area has higher DRASTIC indices than the residential/commercial area. However, a part of the residential/commercial area having much groundwater production and great drawdown is more contaminated in groundwater than other industrial and the residential/commercial areas even if it has lowest DRASTIC indices in the study area. It indicates that groundwater contamination in urban areas can be closely related to excessive pumping resulting in a lowering of the water level. The correlation coefficient between minimum DRASTIC indices and the degree of poor water quality for 10 districts is as low as 0.40. On the other hand, the correlation coefficients between minimum DRASTIC indices and the groundwater discharge rate, and between minimum DRASTIC indices and well distribution density per unit area are 0.70 and 0.87, respectively. Thus, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination in urban areas, it is necessary to consider other human-made factors such as groundwater withdrawal rate and well distribution density per unit area as well as the existing seven DRASTIC factors.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.144-155
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• 2015

This paper is to understand investment's efficiency and performance of commercial real estate assets diversified by use and district. To do so, this paper divides two different commercial real estate markets(office build market and retail real estate market) in Seoul city by district into "GBD(Gangnam Business District), YBD(Yeouido Business District), and CBD(Central Business District)" and "GBD(Gangnam Business District), SBD(Shinchon Business District), and CBD(Central Business District)" respectively, configures these districts each other to structure portfolios as its portion varies based on Markowitz's Mean-Variance principle, and looks at risk-return relationship of portfolios to find out efficiency, performance, and optimal investment chosen based upon Sharpe's Performance Index. As a result, the portfolio configured by "10 to 30% of office building asset at CBD" and "70 to 90% of retail real estate asset at CBD" is shown to be the most optimal, suggesting the highest quarterly Sharpe's performance index of 2.7118~2.7776 with quarterly rate of return of 1.826%~1.838% and quarterly standard deviation of 0.573~0.589. Furthermore, it is obvious that diversified portfolio configured by use(office-retail) shows better investment performance than that by district with same type of asset(office-office or retail-retail). Finally, results driven from this research will play an important role to stimulate real estate and construction markets through enlarging ideas as to diversified investment by use and district on real estate indirect investment products.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2024

The The purpose of this study is to have a positive impact on the evaluation of the traditional market revitalization project by discussing the business details and implementation process of the commercial district revitalization project in depth. The research method uses practical methods for traditional market revitalization projects. First, the activation method of the place was examined through the concepts of Oldenburg's 'Third Place' and Carr et al.'s 'Five Demands for Public Space' and the theories related to non-face-to-face transactions were examined. The first study case was the commercial district revitalization project of the Cheongju Global Market Development Project(Seongan-gil Street Shopping Mall and Yukgeori traditional Market), which discussed revitalization of open space, revitalization through reproduction, and revitalization through festivals. The revitalization project through representation is a project to install a symbolic sculpture at the estimated location of the 'Namseokgyo' buried in Yukgeori traditional Market. The revitalization through the festival is the Korea Sale Festa, which is a vibrant business due to increased sales at traditional markets and shopping malls and floating population in open spaces. The second study case was the Cultural Tourism Promotion Project(Hanmin traditional Market), which discussed revitalization through the development of local brands and SNS content. In the conclusion, the relationship between the six projects and commercial district revitalization methods was discussed, and policy recommendations were made, mentioning the importance of reflecting regional characteristics in design planning. We hope that this study will be used to positively evaluate the traditional market revitalization project, showing that stakeholders are working hard to produce positive results within institutional limitations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2000

This research focused on the improved alternatives of the ordinance which practically control the open space in-situ, public open space and landscape construction related to city landscape for the healthy physical and mental life of the city dwellers. The contents of the study are as follows: 1. The special law of Landscape Architecture should be legislated. 2. The portion of landscaping should be changed by up-grading in the Ordinance of Landscape area and planting and the terms of landscape Facilities should include the ecological aspects in it's contents in the law. 3. The administration of local governments should actively lead and support the dwellers to make the roof gardens and the window gardens in the building area of cities or commercial districts which have relatively low rate of green space. 4. Any new construction and restoration of the buildings with preservation of the natural environment and creation of public open space should be given incentive and Set-back space in aesthetic area should have appropriate planting area and facilities in it. 5. Organizing professional landscape evaluation committee and composing evaluation standards are very important because of the contemporary proposition of the establishment of the establishment of ecological space and conservation of urban natural space. Because of the characteristics of Landscape Architecture, the Provisions of landscape Architecture Design and landscape architecture supervision of the specialist should be legislated and the Landscape Architectural Organization should be established within the Government.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2011

The quality of the surface layer in concrete structures plays an important role in the durability of the concrete. The concrete factory products are made as they improve the appearance of the surface and compressive strength in need. A common criterion to judge the quality of concrete products frequently seen in our daily life appears to be "beauty" in terms of consistent shaping. However, as for most concrete curb in such areas where a large amount of anti-freezing agents(NaCl) and ice and snow melting agents(CaCl2) are spread over roads to ensure road safety during the winter season, since deterioration advances from the surface, scaling is seen on the surface concrete due to deterioration which combined freezing damage and salt damage. Especially, In cold northern districts, the spreading amount of deicing salts increases by regulation of studded tire use, and the scaling of the concrete products, the various parts of concrete structures for roads is increasing in recent years. In this study, L-shape concrete curb were targeted, the permeable form method with the commercial permeable sheet was applied to it and the improvements of the quality were examined. By the permeable form method, surface layers got strengthened, which prevented permeation of the deterioration factor from the outside, and the scaling resistance of the upper surface where the permeable sheet was applied improved exceedingly. It will be expected by applying the permeable form method to various concrete products that frost resistance improves and scaling damage decreases.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.203-217
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• 2016

This paper explores the distribution of the retail coffee franchise stores in Seoul using geostatistical analyses. The fact that lots of coffee stores are concentrated in the central area-Jongno and Jung-gu and commercial area-Gangnam and Seocho shows that the size of the floating population and potential customers is one of main drivers for making decisions on the locations of new stores. Except these 4 districts, the number of stores and population exhibit a positive correlation. By extracting the information on the 6 large coffee franchises store locations, we calculate the both haversine distances between stores of the same franchise and between stores of different franchises. We then empirically test the sitting and marketing strategies of Starbucks, Ediya, and Paik-Dabang using distance distributions. Significant pairs of Starbucks stores located within 100m confirm the sitting strategy of Starbucks which opens additional stores at crossways, stations, near shopping malls or other business zones though there already exist Starbucks stores. Meanwhile considerable portion of Ediya stores are found near Starbucks stores, which coincides with the sitting strategy of Ediya. We also find that Paik-Dabang that uses the low cost strategy has its stores open relatively farther than other franchises from Starbucks stores.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.153-158
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• 2020

The study aims to identify the factors affecting employee loyalty in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tra Vinh province, Viet Nam and to find out critical factors affecting the loyalty of employees in SMEs. This is implemented with the method of collecting primary data of 320 employees working at SMEs in 5 districts including: Cau Ngang, Tra Cu, Chau Thanh, Cang Long, Tieu Can) and Tra Vinh City, Viet Nam. Using the multivariate regression method, the researchers have found 6 factors affecting employee loyalty: colleagues, leaders, job characteristics, remuneration policies, organizational culture, and working environment. Particularly, learning opportunities may not be not statistically significant for employees' loyalty towards small and medium-sized enterprises in Tra Vinh province. From the above research results, the authors have proposed implicational piolicies such as: focusing on colleague relationships, improving leadership of business owners, attaching importance to appropriate work arrangement, having appropriate remuneration policies for laborers, building effective organizational culture and working environment to improve employee loyalty at SMEs. From the above policy implications, helping business owners realize the aspirations of workers in small and medium-sized enterprises more closely in the future, in order to sustainably develop the business system in Vietnam.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between housing types and crime and to suggest the appropriate strategies and interventions of housing policies for crime prevention. For spatial analysis of crime data, spatial autocorrelation is tested by Moran's I Test. A Ordinary Least Squares-based regression model is employed because crime data used in this study fails to show spatial autocorrelation. Results show that housing type variables except non-residential housing type are not associated with crime. Among land-use characteristics, the percentage of commercial areas is likely to better explain crime occurrence rather than housing types. It is surprising that residents' satisfaction to housing environment has a positive direction in its relationship with crime even though it cannot have a statistical significance. However, fear of crime shows a negative direction with crime although it fails to have a statistical significance. The findings of this study can contribute to understand the association between housing types and crime when setting housing policies for crime prevention.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.249-254
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to provide the guideline of the outdoor space of residential land development district for children's outdoor activites. This study was accomplished by the valuation of the physical environment of 5 residential land development districts, the analyzation of behavioral mapping about children's outdoor activities, and the analyzation of satisfaction and the consciousness of 190 residents(parents) & 230 children. Especially, outdoor spaces were divided into 6 parts (play space, education facility, commercial facility, green space, and empty space & parking lot). And than, 6 outdoor spaces were valuated about the physical characters such as accessibility, network, safety, variety, functional, natural elements. Also, the survey for residents and children's consciousness were used the Likert scale. According to the result of this study, many parts of the housing area were not good for children's activities, and resident's satisfaction was low. In the sample areas, negative factors were car and motorcycle. And many residents were pointed out the lack of natural elements, variety, and safety of outdoor space in dwelling area. Finally, this study suggested the guideline children's activities based on the result of analyzation of valuation, behavioral mapping, and survey.