• Korean Business Review
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• v.3
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• pp.47-75
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• 1990

This study focuses on the ecological and environmental approach for marketing in the attempt to harmonize the objectives and resources of the organizations with the changing environment. This study presents the deductive and nomative method for analyzing recurrent marketing problem and contains seven chapters. The marketing environment is the place the company must start in searching for oportunities and in monitoring threats. It consists of all the actors and forces that affect the company's ability to transact can be divided into two componets-The marketing environment comperies a microenvironment consists of the actors in the company's immediate environment that affect its ability to serve its customers, namely, the company, market channal firms, customers, competitors and publics, the macroenvironment consists of the larger societal forces that affect all the actors in the macroenvironment, nanly, the demographic, economic, natural, technological and cultural forces. Most marketing executives took the phyisical environment for granted. Few consistered it one of the most dynamic elements in the totoal environment of business. However, two development have brought the physical environment to the forefront of business decision. The first has been labeled the ecological crisis-the polution and deterioration of air, water and land, the second is the accelerated depletion of the earth's natural resources. Currently, most product are designed to obtain an optimum combination of customer acceptances and production and distribution efficiencies. If we look to the future, products increasingly will be planned to obtain an optimum combination of market acceptance increasingly, efficiency and environmental protection. The entire ecological cycle of product will have to be considered.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.471-481
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• 1999

The properties of deformed products are generally dependent upon the distribution of microstureture. It is, therefore, necessary to make the distribution of microstureture uniform in order to achieve the best balance of properties in the final product. This is often a demanding task, even for conventional materials. It is become essential to achieving mechanical integrity and a desired combination of microstructure and properties. The objective mechanical integrity and a desired combination of microsttucture and properties. The objective of this study is to design the optimal die profile which can yield more uniform microstructure in hot extruded product. The microstructure evolution, such as dynamic and static recrystallization as well as grain growth, is investigated using the program com-bined with yada and Senuma's empirical equations and rigid-thermoviscoplastic finite element method. The die profile of hot extrusion is represented by Bezier-curve to define all available profile. In order to obtain the optimal die profile which yields uniform microstructure in the product the FPS(Flexible Polyhedron Search) method is applied to the present study. To validate the result of present study the experimental hot extrusion is performed and the result is compared with that of simulation.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1996

The 2,4-D + BA combination in MS medium showed high regenerating ability and induced compact callus from leaf and petiole segments of three strawberry cultivars, 'Bokyo', 'Suhong', whereas the NAA + BA combination resulted in friable callus. Band of RAPD products obtained with primer 212 from the callus was different from the band of mother plant when callus induced from leaf segment of 'Suhong' cultivar was maintained in MS medium containing NAA or BA for 8 months. The RAPD bands obtained from mother plants of 'Bokyo' and 'Yeobong' were different from that of callus maintained in the presence of MS liquid medium containing 2,4-D(0.2 mg/$\ell$) subcultured every two weeks for 6 months(12 subcultures).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

This study investigates the complete removal of nitrate and the recovery of valuable ammonium salt by the combination of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and a membrane contactor system. The NZVI used for the experiments was prepared by chemical reduction without a stabilizing agent. The main end-product of nitrate reduction by NZVI was ammonia, and the solution pH was stably maintained around 10.5. Effective removal of ammonia was possible with the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane contactor system in all tested conditions. Among the various operation parameters including influent pH, concentration, temperature, and contact time, contact time and solution pH showed significant effects on the ammonia removal mechanism. Also, the osmotic distillation phenomena that deteriorate the mass transfer efficiency could be minimized by pre-heating the influent wastewater. The ammonia removal rate could be maximized by optimizing operation conditions and changing the membrane configuration. The combination of NZVI and the membrane contactor system could be a solution for nitrate removal and the recovery of valuable products.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 2013

This work develops a motif design integrated with geometrical patterns in traditional ddeoksal and that can be applied to a scarf design so that traditional elements unique to Korean culture can be developed further for a modern application to various design fields. For the research method, literature reviews on op art and traditional ddeoksal were conducted with Adobe Illustrator CS3 and Adobe Photoshop CS3. As for the motif combination, such applications were taken as five pieces from the works of Victor Vasarely and some traditional ddeoksal shapes such as oblique line pattern, taegeuk pattern, and geometrical pattern. Abstract and geometrical images were borrowed from op art and ddeoksal for image expression. The total number of works selected was eleven. To realize the applied scarf design, a motif layout was performed with the scarf center or rim highlighted so that each design feature could be remarkable based on the motif combination. With the function of scaling, rotation, opacity control, filtering effect, the changed images were shown through motif distortion. In addition, this work applies a single combined motif to products for a possible transformation into handkerchiefs and boutique scarfs in the case of smaller sized scarfs.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.313-330
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• 2017

Geopolymer is a sustainable concrete, replaces traditional cement concrete using alternative sustainable construction materials as binders and alkaline solution as alkaline activator. This paper presents the strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete (GPC) developed with fly ash and GGBS as binders, combined Sodium silicate ($Na_2SiO_3$) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution as alkaline activators. The parameters considered in this research work are proportions of fly ash and GGBS (70-30 and 50-50), curing conditions (Outdoor curing and oven curing at $600^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours), two grades of concrete (GPC20 and GPC50). The mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength along with durability characteristics were determined. For studying the durability characteristics of geopolymer concrete 5% $H_2SO_4$ solutions was used and the specimens were immersed up to an exposure period of 56 days. The main parameters considered in this study were Acid Mass Loss Factor (AMLF), Acid Strength Loss Factor (ASLF) and products of degradation. The results conclude that GPC with sufficient strength can be developed even under Outdoor curing using fly ash and GGBS combination i.e., without the need for any heat curing.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2017

We investigated the effect of graphite electrode geometry and combination on nanocarbon material synthesis using underwater discharge plasma(UDP). The UDP system consists of two graphite electrodes and beaker filled with de-ionized water. A high voltage of 15 kV with a frequency of 25 kHz is applied to produce UDP using an alternating-current power source. The UDP system with conical electrodes produced the largest amount of products due to the concentration of electrical fields between electrodes. In addition, hollow-shaped stationary electrode and conical-shaped moving electrode stores discharge-induced bubbles and maintains longer reaction time. We found from Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy that high quality carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes are synthesized by the UDP system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.651-661
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• 1996

Algeria is located at the Mediterranean coast of north Africa, 90% of its population is concentrated in the coastal area which is mainly devoted to agriculture. Highland steppe and vast desert climate have determined its food culture. Long arab domination has influenced food of Algeria which has also undergone certain impact of Spanish, Turkish and French occupation. A variety of agricultural products, vegetables, fruits, spices and herbs have determined cooking method and food combination of Algeria. It use neither pork nor alcohol. Its main food consists of bread made from wheat flour and couscous cooked with semoule, Mechuwi, roast lamb and chorba, mixed soup are also typical foods of this region. For climatic reason lamb and chicken are prefered. Energy efficient method is applied to cooking through using oil for saute and water for boiling. Under european influence, Algerian salad used dressing for leaf vegetables, root and other kind vegetables were boiled. Serving with cake and cookies as dessert may possibly be the influence from the French occupation. The cake and cookie are made of wheat flour or other grain flour and take a specific form to be fried sweet with honey. Herbs and spices are widely used in cooking which are easily cultivated in household: mint, basil, rosemary, bayleaf, thyme, sage, fennel, marjoram, coriander, celery. Garlic, onion, piment, red pepper, cinammon are also widely used in an ordinary cooking. Reasonable food combination and economic cooking method could be subject of Algerian food study.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2014

Postharvest diseases cause considerable losses to harvested fruits and vegetables worldwide. Fresh produce suspected of harboring postharvest disease must be treated to control any pathogens present. Although there are various treatments to control postharvest losses by pathogens, the current community is eager to take safer and more eco-friendly alternatives to help with human health and reduce environmental risks. Ionizing irradiation is a promising phytosanitary treatment that has a significant potential to control postharvest diseases in use worldwide. Although almost 19000 metric tons of sweet potatoes and various fruits are irradiated each year in six countries to control postharvest disease, irradiation continues to be a debate, with slow acceptance by industries. Irradiation alone is not effective as a fungicide, and an over dose affects the physical properties of irradiated products. A combination of irradiation with other treatments such as heating, biocontrol agents, chlorination, and nano Ag particles is to enhance their effectiveness. Challenges to the use of phytosanitary irradiation are an avoidance of irradiated postharvest and cost of the irradiation facilities, and thus consumers still need to be educated on the principles and benefits of irradiation and prepare an optimum economy of scale for commercial use. In this review, we evaluated the current phytosanitary irradiation, and combination with various other treatments to minimize the postharvest losses.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 2019

Recent advances in the concrete technology are aiding in minimizing the use of conventional materials by substituting by-products of various industries and energy sources. A large amount of stone waste i.e., dust and slurry form both are being originated during natural stone processing and causing deadily effects on the environment. The disposal problem of stone waste can be resolved effectively by using waste in construction industries. In present work, Kota stone slurry powder, as a substitution of cement was used along with accelerators namely calcium nitrate and triethanolamine as additives, to study their impact on various properties of the concrete mixtures. Kota stone slurry powder (7.5%), calcium nitrate (1%) and triethanolamine (0.05%) were used separately as well in combination in different concrete mixtures. Mechanical Strength, modulus of elasticity and electrical resistivity of concrete specimens of different mix proportions under water curing were studied experimentally. The durability properties in terms of strength and electrical resistivity against sulphate and chloride solution attack at various curing ages were also studied experimentally. Results showed that accelerators and Kota stone slurry powder separately enhanced the mechanical strength and electrical resistivity; but, their combination decreased strength at all curing ages. The durability of concrete specimens was also affected under the exposure to chemical attack too. Kota stone slurry powder found to be the most effective material among all materials. Material characterization was also done to study the microstructural properties.