• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2009

The metal complex dyes that are mainly used for good color fastness in dyeing amide fibers with highly concentrated colors usually contain toxic chromium. The remaining dye in th dyebath containing $Cr^{6+}$ causes not only environmental problems but also serious damages to human health. In this study, we applied reactive dyestuff for dyeing wool and nylon in order to substitute heavy metal dyestuff. The dyeing properties of reactive dyestuff in fibers as well as their absorption rates and fastness according to color concentration were investigated. By analyzing the quantity of heavy metals and toxic amine of reactive dyestuff, we investigated their harmfulness trends quantitatively. By comparing the reactive dyes with traditional metal complex dyes, we tried to find out the possibility of the reactive dye being a clean dyes in the future.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.116-127
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• 2010

Metal acid dyes are usually used to dye wool fabric to achieve high concentrated color and strong color fastness. However, metal acid dyes contain lots of heavy metal. That causes not only environmental pollution but also diseases to human. In this study, wool reactive dyes instead of metal acid dyes for wool, which are environmental friendly, are compared and analyzed in the evaluation system of their harmfulness, containing heavy metals and examined exhaustion rates and dyeing characteristics.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to establish the scientific data of cotton fabric pretreated with skim milk powder and to improve the dyeability. The surface monophology, add on, whiteness, stiffness, air permeability, moisture regain and absorption of cotton fabrics were evaluated by varying concentration of SMP to get the optimal conditions in pretreatment. FT-IR of cotton fabrics pretreated with SMP were measured. Amino acid compositions, viscosity of SMP were evaluated. The K/S values by varying concentration of cinnamon cassia and subtract of dyed SMP-C were measured. I attempted to evalute the color fastness of untreated and AI. The results are as follow; The optimal concentration of SMP was 9%(w/v) to be pretreated with cotton fabrics. From FT-IR spectrum, formation of -NH$_2$ and -COOH was verified by SMP-C. Denaturalization of protein and condensation of carbohydrate, fat, etc. were found in a measurement of amino acid and viscocity. The K/S value of cotton fabrics pretreated with SMP was higher than that of untreated. Most of the color fastnesses were great.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.55-65
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• 2009

Metal complex dyes are usually used to dye amide fiber such as wool, silk and nylon to achieve high concentrated color and excellent color fastness. However, metal complex dyes that contain various heavy metal components cause not only serious environmental problem but also human health. In this study the ordinary 1:2 metal acid dyes and the modified 1:2 metal dyes, which are environmental friendly, are compared and analyzed in existing dyes investigated the trends in the evaluation system of their harmfulness, containing heavy metals and examined exhaustion rates and dyeing characteristics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2000

The extracts drawn out from Sophora japonica by methanol was concentrated. Using this concentrate the silk was dyed, 400% conc. of dyeing material, $80^{\circ}C$ temperature of dyeing, 30 min time of dyeing. The K/S value of silk fabric was the most efficient for the simmordanting method. On the other hand, the amount of absorbed mordant the Cu-mordant was largest mordants. The surface colors on the dyed fabric depended heavily upon mordants or mordanting methods. For all cases, the value of the dyed fabric was dark. for the mordanting, color difference was distinct when using the Fe-mordant. Lightfastness of the color fastness was best in Cu-mordant. The Fe-, Cu- mordant showed the greatest antimicrobial activity.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.667-671
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• 2009

The use possibility as a dyestuff of Scutellaria baicalensis was investigated. The optimum conditions were evaluated when silk fabrics were dyed by Scutellaria baicalensis extract. The colorants of Scutellaria baicalensis were extracted better in water than methanol. The optical dyeing concentration was 80%(v/v), dyeing temperature was $80^{\circ}C$, dyeing time was 60minites, dyeing repetition was 2 turns. A Post-mordant method showed higher K/S value than premordant one, especially post-Fe appeared the highest value and post-Cr was second. Surface color was all Y. The color fastness was very good at the second repetition of no mordanted silk fabrics, all mordant fabrics were not improved the colorfastness. The antibacterial activity showed at Staphylococcus aureus tested specimen that bacterial reduction rate was 99.7%.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2004

Hydrolyzable organic esters were compared with ammonium sulphate as an acid donor for the pH control in dye-bath-reuse system of acid dyes mixtures. The ability of pH control, levelness, dyeing properties and reproducibility in dye-bath-reuse system were investigated comparatively. Hydrolyzable organic esters showed higher exhaustion and color yield than ammonium sulphate. In addition, hydrolyzable organic ester exhibited very low conductivity less than 0.5 mS, while ammonium sulphate give high conductivity. However, we could not observe any difference in levelness of dyed samples between two kinds of acid donors in laboratory scale dyeing. Over 10 cycles of reuse, hydrolyzable organic esters showed higher reproducibility than ammonium sulphate. No deterioration of the color fastness and levelness occurs over 10 cycles of reuse.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to investigate the color characteristic and the dyeing properties of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract on cotton fabrics. The highest absorbance of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract was obtained in 75 v/v% of ethyl alcohol in water. Pre-mordanted cotton fabrics dyed at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 3 for 80 minutes showed the highest K/S value. According to the dyeing conditions, the colors of the fabrics varied from yellow(Y) and yellowish red(YR) to greenish yellow(GY). The color fastness of the fabrics in dry-cleaning and water was 4~5 rating. The deodorization capacity and UV-cut effect of the dyed fabrics were higher than those of undyed ones.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

Dyeability of Paeonia suffouticosa on to silk fabric in using natural and artificial mordants has been studied. The dyestuff was extracted with methanol. Silk fabric was most suitable condition in 400%(o.w.f.), $80^{\circ}C$, 50min. The K/S was showed higrer mordanting than unmordanting. And with the mordanting, gave good improvements of the K/S values. Surface color of dyed fabrics was various according to the used mordants: the value of mordanted fabrics was dark, Cu mordanted fabric was to be cleared, Fe mordanted fabric was the greatest color difference. The fastness was significantly improved in natural Cu mordant.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2000

Dyeability and antimicrobial activity of Saururus chinensis on to silk and cotton fabrics has been studied. The dyestuff was extracted with distilled water. Silk fabric showed higher K/S value than cotton fabric at the same condition. And with the simmordanting by Fe, Cu gave good improvements of the K/S values. Surface color of dyed fabrics was various according to the used mordants: Cr mordanted fabric was to be cleared, Fe mordanted fabric was the greatest color difference. The fastness was significantly improved in mordanting. The Fe, Cu mordanted silk fabrics was the greatest antimicrobial activity.