• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1997

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 1996

Ink trap is one of the important factors to determine the color in multi-color overprints. This study was carried out for the purpose for analyzing the relationships between ink traps and color differences in two-color solid overprints. The specimens were printed under four different conditions that the overprinting ink sequence of M(Magenta) or C(Cyan) and the overprinting method of W(Wet-on-Wet) or D(Wet-on-Dry) were changed altermately, that is M+C-W or C+M-W and M+C-D or C+M-D.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.7 no.1_2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2002

The pumpkin fruit fly [Bactrocera (paradacus) depressa Shiraki] was first trapped on June 1st with ground and Mcphail traps in Jinan and Iksan drea, Chonbuk Province and was found to have single generation during the grow-ing season in 2002. Not much difference existed in the number of B. (paradacus) depressa flies attracted to various colors but Bactrocera (zugodacus) scurellatus Hendal came to yellow and green more than to blue color. In a study of the effect of diets on the degree of attraction by the flies, it turned out that B. (paradacus) depressa came more to yeast hydrolysate (YH) and in June i.e, the early period of adult emergence of the year. However, more individuals of B. (zugodacus) scutellatus are attracted to the extract of young pumpkin fruits. More B. (paradacus) depressa was caught with McPhail traps while more B. (zugodacus) scurellatus was caught with sticky traps and accordingly, species specific traps are recommended when yearly population trends of fruit flies are studied.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.759-772
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to develop control method for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on eggplant using sticky trap method. According to the color of the sticky traps, the attractiveness of the B. tabaci was the highest in the yellow trap, followed by the green and orange. However, white, blue, red, black and green sticky traps have reduced attractiveness of B. tabaci. In order to improve the efficiency and attractiveness of sticky trap to the B. tabaci, the different kinds of sugars such as glucose, fructose, oligosaccharide, starch syrup and pure sugar were added to sticky traps respectively. However, the effect of B. tabaci attractiveness was low in starch syrup, pure sugar, and non-treated sticky traps. The attracting effect of B. tabaci was depending on the location of sticky trap. The highest value was obtained where sticky traps were located in the top of the eggplant, followed by 30 cm above from the top level. In addition, we were installed up to 40 sticky traps to determine the optimal amount of sticky traps to control B. tabaci in eggplant. When increasing the sticky traps, the number of adult and nymphs of B. tabaci were tended to be decreased significantly. This tendency was more effective in the latter stages than in the early stages. As the number of sticky traps increased, not only the growth rate of eggplant, leaf length, and stem diameter were to be better. But also number of fruits and product marketable value were increased at the early stage of growing as well. The study had proven that the sticky traps had an effect on increasing the yield at the early stage of growth, but the efficiency of controlling decreased due to the high density of B. tabaci of the next generation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.432-437
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• 2017

Yellow sticky traps have been commonly used for monitoring tobacco whitefly populations in open-fields, as well as in greenhouses. However, the attractiveness depends on various factors such as the reflected intensity (brightness) and hues of yellow color (wavelength) of the trap surface, which is often influenced by environmental conditions and may sometimes affect tobacco whitefly capture. Therefore, the use of light-emitting traps can be a significant complementary tool to strengthen the attractiveness and selectivity of these traps. This research was carried out in tomato greenhouses to evaluate the light-emitting trap as potential attractants for Bemisia tabaci adults. The results showed that B. tabaci adults on average preferred (p>0.05) traps in yellow lights (590 nm) ($168{\pm}7.6adults/trap$) compared to traps in white lights ($106{\pm}4.6adults/trap$) and traps without lights ($60{\pm}4.8adults/trap$). The yellow light trap(590 nm) showed the most attractive to B. tabaci adults, followed by a little lower attraction to the white light trap(450-625 nm), whereas the control (no light trap) was little attractive to B. tabaci adults. These results suggested that yellow and white light traps could have a promising use in greenhouses for the identification, monitoring, and pest control tools of tobacco whiteflies.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2014

The sweetpotato whitefly (SPW), Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, is a major pest in tomato greenhouses on Jeju Island because they transmit viral diseases. To develop practical sampling methods for adult SPWs, yellow-color sticky traps were used in commercial tomato greenhouses throughout the western part of Jeju Island in 2011 and 2012. On the basis of the size and growing conditions in the tomato greenhouses, 20 to 30 traps were installed in each greenhouse for developing a sampling plan. Adult SPWs were more attracted to horizontal traps placed 60 cm above the ground than to vertical trap placed 10 cm above the plant canopy. The spatial patterns of the adult SPWs were evaluated using Taylor's power law (TPL) and Iwao's patchiness regression (IPR). The results showed that adult SPWs were aggregated in each surveyed greenhouse. In this study, TPL showed better performance because of the coefficient of determination ($r^2$). On the basis of the fixed-precision level sampling plan using TPL parameters, more traps were required for higher precision in lower SPW densities per trap. A sequential sampling stop line was constructed using TPL parameters. If the treatment threshold was greater than 10 maximum adult SPWs on a trap, the required traps numbered 15 at a fixed-precision level of 0.25. In estimating the mean density per trap, the proportion of traps with two or more adult SPWs was more efficient than whole counting: ${\ln}(m)=1.19+0.90{\ln}(-{\ln}(1-p_T))$. The results of this study could be used to prevent the dissemination of SPW as a viral disease vector by using accurate control decision in SPW management programs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2021

Mass trapping of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, has been considered as an option to control this pest. This study applied the commercial lures to the hot pepper-cultivating greenhouses and assessed the enhancement of the attracting efficiency by adding to sticky traps. There was no color difference in the attracting efficiency between blue and yellow sticky traps. However, the installation position of the traps was crucial in the greenhouses. The more thrips were captured within host cropping area than outside areas of the crop. In vertical trap position, it was the most optimal to install the traps at the crop crown. Using these installation parameters, the yellow sticky traps captured approximately 1% population of the thrips. To enhance the trapping efficiency, the commercial lures containing aggregation pheromone or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde were added to the yellow sticky traps. However, these commercial lures did not significantly enhance the trapping efficiency compared to the yellow sticky trap alone. In contrast, Y-tube olfactometry assays confirmed the high efficiency of the aggregation pheromone or another plant volatile (methyl isonicotinate) to attract the thrips. Interestingly, these lure components had lower attracting efficiencies compared to the hot pepper flowers. The high attractive efficiency of the flowers was supported by the observation that the commercial lure was effective to enhance the trapping efficiency of the yellow sticky trap against F. occidentalis in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) field without any flowers. This study indicates the limitation of the commercial lures in application to hot pepper fields for the mass trapping of F. occidentalis. It also suggests active volatile component(s) from hot pepper flowers to attract F. occidentalis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.1 s.142
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• pp.37-43
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• 2006

Catch of garden thrips, Frankliniella intonsa, on sticky traps was assessed by color and height in commercial plastic vinyl house strawberry crops grown on 40-cm-high trellises. Yellow, blue and white sticky cards were tested for color attractiveness, and upper (50 cm), lower (10 cm above the floor) and ground were for height. At each height, trapped thrips on yellow, blue and white were significantly different. Blue sticky cards were significantly greater than traps on yellow and white. The trapped thrips were also significantly greatest at 50 cm above the floor, less at lower and ground. However, there is no significantly different the population of garden thrips on the flower in each tested site.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

Since the emissions composition from the household products have potentially been associated with health risks for building occupants, the chemical composition emitted from the products should be surveyed. The current study identified the emission composition for 42 liquid household products, using a purge-and-trap method. This evaluation was done by classifying the household products into five product classes (deodorizers, household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Nineteen compounds were chosen on the basis of selection criteria. The quality control program for purge-and-trap and analytical systems included tests of laboratory blank Tenax traps and blank water samples, and the determination of calibration equation, measurement precision, method detection limit (MDL), and recovery. The number of chemicals varied according to the product categories, ranging from 4 for the product category of bleaches to 12 for the product categories of air fresheners and nail color removers. For all product categories, the emission composition and concentrations varied broadly according to product. It is noteworthy that most household products emit limonene: 19 of 25 cleaning products; 5 of 6 deodorizers; 1 of 3 pesticides; 3 of 3 color removers; and 4 of 5 polishes. It was suggested that the use of household products sold in Korea could elevate the formation of secondary toxic pollutants in indoor environments, by the reaction of limonene with ozone, which entered indoor environments or might be generated by indoor sources such as electronic air cleaning devices and copying machines.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2010

Attractiveness of stink bugs to various colors, heights and locations of fish-net traps incorporated with aggregation pheromones was determined. Bean bug, Riptortus pedestris Fabricius, was most attracted to yellow color trap, followed by white, black, green, blue and brown. R. pedestris and one-banded stink bug, Piezodorus hybneri Gmelin, were most attracted to fish-net traps placed 80 cm above the ground regardless of sexes of two species of stink bugs. Between the sexes, however, R. pedestris females were more attracted to 40 and 80 cm above the ground than the males at those heights although the attraction was not significantly different at 120 and 160 cm heights. P. hybneri females tended to be attracted to 40 and 80 cm height traps but the attraction was the opposite at 120 and 160 cm heights. The highest attraction of R. pedestris was observed in a perilla field with no significant difference in the soybean field and border area in which no crop were cultivated between the perilla and soybean fields. R. pedestris was also more attracted to the sweet persimmon orchard than the soybean and medicinal crops fields, which was a significant difference between the two fields.