• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.320-332
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• 1997

The development of colored surface on zinc coating by the oxidation of a melten alloy of zinc with a minor amount of oxygen-avid additive such as tianium has been studied. Using a galvanizing Zinc alloy containing 0.1 to 0.3wt%Ti, gold, purple or blue color was developed clearly and stably, depending upon the extent of oxidation, by air cooling after hot dipping in a bath at temperature of $550^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$. The source of the color is light interference with surface oxide layer. THe final color depends on the thickness of the color depends on the thickness of $TiO_2$, played So compositing, temperature and time at elevated temperature after are all controlling variables. Since oxidation film such as $TiO_2$ played role of passivation film, the corrosion resistance in a colored galvanized steel sheet. It is also thought that surface oxide layer of $TiO_2$ inhibited dissolution of the coating layer.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.236-237
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• 2000

LCD(liquid crystal display)에서 칼라를 만드는 방법에는 가색 혼법(additive color method)$^{(1)}$ 과 감색 혼법(subtractive color method)$^{(2).(3)}$ 이 있다. 가색 혼법은 빛의 3원색인 red, green, blue의 칼라 필터를 인접하게 배치시키고 각각의 칼라 필터에 해당 칼라의 신호를 인가하여 밝기를 제어함으로서 색을 표현하는 방법으로 대비비(contrast ratio)가 높고 표현할 수 있는 색상의 범위(gamut)가 넓고 액정 셀의 두께가 얇다는 장점이 있지만, 반면에 빛의 투과율이 낮다는 단점이 있다. 거기에 비해 감색 혼법은 cyan, magenta, yellow의 3색의 표시소자로서 3-stack을 구성하여, 각층에 해당 칼라의 신호를 인가하여 밝기를 제어함으로서 색을 표현하는 방식으로 광 투과량은 가색 혼법의 경우보다 높으나, 완전한 dark상태의 구현이 어렵기 때문에 명암대비비가 낮다는 단점이 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.156-184
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• 2022

In this article, we propose a novel variational model for restoring color images corrupted by mixed multiplicative Gamma noise and additive Gaussian noise. The model involves a data-fidelity term that characterizes the mixed noise as an infimal convolution of two noise distributions and the saturation-value total variation (SVTV) regularization. The data-fidelity term facilitates suitable separation of the multiplicative Gamma and Gaussian noise components, promoting simultaneous elimination of the mixed noise. Furthermore, the SVTV regularization enables adequate denoising of homogeneous regions, while maintaining edges and details and diminishing the color artifacts induced by noise. To solve the proposed nonconvex model, we exploit an alternating minimization approach, and then the alternating direction method of multipliers is adopted for solving subproblems. This contributes to an efficient iterative algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model compared to other existing or related models, with regard to visual inspection and image quality measurements.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-209
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• 2018

The spectral composition of light can affect the growth and biochemical composition of photosynthetic microalgae. This study examined the use of light filtering through a solution of soluble colored additives, a cost-effective method to alter the light spectrum, on the growth and lipid production of an oleaginous microalga, Nannochloropsis gaditana (N. gaditana). Cells were photoautotrophically cultivated under a white light emitting diode (LED) alone (control) or under a white LED that passed through a solution of red and yellow color additive (4:1 ratio) that blocked light below 600 nm. The specific growth rate was significantly greater under filtered light than white light ($0.2672d^{-1}$ vs. $0.1930d^{-1}$). Growth under filtered light also increased the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield by 22.4% and FAME productivity by 80.0%, relative to the white light control. In addition, the content of saturated fatty acids was greater under filtered light, so the biodiesel products had better stability. These results show that passing white light through an inexpensive color filter can simultaneously enhance cellular growth and lipid productivity of N. gaditana. This approach of optimizing the light spectrum may be applicable to other species of microalgae.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to investigate how internal structures influence the overall and marginal accuracy of full arch preparations fabricated through additive manufacturing in different printing systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A full-arch preparation digital model was set up with three internal designs, including solid, hollow, and grid. These were printed using three different resin printers with nine models in each group. After scanning, each data was imported into the 3D data processing software together with the master cast, aligned and trimmed, and then put into the 3D data analysis software again to compare the overall and marginal deviation whose results are expressed using root mean square values and color maps. To evaluate the trueness of the resin model, the test data and reference data were compared, and the precision was evaluated by comparing the test data sets. Color maps were observed for qualitative analysis. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni method was used for post hoc comparison (α = .05). RESULTS. The influence of different internal structures on the accuracy of 3D printed resin models varied significantly (P < .05). Solid and grid models showed better accuracy, while the hollow model exhibited poor accuracy. The color maps show that the resin models have a tendency to shrink inwards. CONCLUSION. The internal structure design influences the accuracy of the 3D printing model, and the effect varies in different printing systems. Irrespective of the kind of printing system, the printing accuracy of hollow model was observed to be worse than those of solid and grid models.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.180-184
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• 2013

Study on extraction and concentration of mulberry leaf were performed to increase utilization as new source of food additives. We analyzed extraction method in EtOH, sugar and hot water solution. The desirable method was 70% alcoholic extraction. Color of concentrate was comparatively stable in 70% alcoholic extraction solution and sugar solution. But hot water extraction was showed color change with brown. By filtering of concentrate in 70% alcoholic extraction and sugar extraction, we removed a deposits. Also, we investigated characteristics of the concentrate from mulberry leaf.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.404-408
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of laying productivity and egg quality according to providing germinated and fermented soybean (GFS) as feed additive. Among the strain, we selected Monascus purpureus KCCM 12002 so that inoculated in soybean and fermented for 48 h at $20^{\circ}C$. A total of two-hundred forty 70-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers were divided into four groups (4 treatment${\times}$6 replication${\times}$10 birds each) and fed diets containing 0 (as control) (T1), 0.5% (T2), 1.0% (T3) or 2.0% GFS (T4) for 6 wk. The laying productivity, egg quality and blood property in the egg yolk were experimented. There were no significant differences in the laying productivity, relative liver and spleen weights, egg yolk color and eggshell strength among another groups. The eggshell color, eggshell thickness and haugh unit significantly increased in the GFS-supplemented group (p<0.05) compared to control. However, no significant differences were observed in the blood property after supplementation. The amount of lactic acid bacteria present during storage increased by providing of GFS (p<0.05) compare to control group. Our study results suggested that GFS can be used as a favorable feed additive and feedstuff for the productivity of high quality eggs and promoted relative industry.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2012

A female preference is a potentially complex function relating variation in multiple male traits with her probability of accepting the most optimal individuals as a mate. If mate preference is dominantly driven by additive fitness benefits, different females tend to be congruent in the decision of choice, whereas females will not necessarily share their mate preferences if non-additive benefits more strongly operate. Here, a sequential blocked design ($4{\times}4$) was applied to experimentally assess the relative contribution of additive and non-additive components to the female mate preference with Korean rosy bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii. In a total of 48 single stimulus presentations, behavioral elements of courtship activities were analyzed to derive the 'index of female preference'. Females showed a clear preference for males with more elaborate carotenoid colors, but mated randomly with respect to male body size and other color patterns. However, they were not individually consistent in their choice of mates, suggesting that non-additive components probably contribute to the evolution of female preference.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.925-932
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of microbial additive on the meat quality and fatty acid (FA) profiles of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 growing-finishing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc; mixed sex; 14 weeks of age; 58.0 ± 1.00 kg) were randomly distributed into three treatments with three pens consisting of 20 growing-finishing pigs per pen for 60 days. The experimental treatments were as follows: 0, 0.5, and 1.0% microbial additive. The crude protein, cooking loss, drip loss, water holding capacity, and shear force in loin muscle were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05), except for the moisture and crude fat contents. The pH and TBARS of loin muscle shown no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). However, the L^* and a^* values of loin muscle were the highest in the 1.0% supplementation group compared with the other treatments (p<0.05). The b^* value of loin muscle was the highest in the control group compared with the other treatments (p<0.05). Linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and n-3 FAs contents of loin muscle were the highest in 1.0% supplementation group compared with the other treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, using 1.0% microbial additive supplementation can improve meat quality by increasing polyunsaturated FA concentration and meat color in pig loins.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 1990

Korean Lawn. Zoysia japonica Steud. is the type of a perennial warm-season turfgrass keeping green leaf color for 5 months from May to September in natural condition in Korea. This Studies were carried out to obtain the effects of N-P-K fertilization, regrowth capacity after mowing and chlorophyll contents on prolongation of the green leaf color period in Zoysia japonica Steud turfgrass areas. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1.The effects of nitrogen fertilizer application in Zoysia japonica Steud, turfgrass areas were affected on regrowth ability after mowing green color of leaf canopies and chlorophyll contents, respectively(P<.05) 2.A experimental plots which applied 51 g/m$^2$/10 weeks of N$_3$P$_1$K$_1$fertilizer, there were high significant effects on prolongation of the green leaf color period and the plots of phosphorus and potassium had additive effects. 3.Prolongation of the green leaf color period to the last of October was obviously possible by slow degrees in proportation to increment of the fertilizer. However, it is interpreted that more prolongation of the green period is impossible with N-P-K fertilization and irrigation treatments. unless the intermediate turfgrasses between $C_3$ and $C_4$plants must be found and bred.