• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2001

In this study, we compared the properties of 23 high and 55 low price sunglass lenses with the standards in the ordinary optical properties, materials, coloration, UV, IR and luminous transmittance, color acceptance for traffic signal, chromaticity and contrast sensitivity. The ordinary optical properties of the lenses met comparatively the requirements of the KS standard. The HIGH-type and LOW-type lenses were primarily made by glass and acrylate, respectively. In the coloration, HIGH-type was in group around neutral color but LOW-type was distributed widely on the line between 570 nm and 485 nm. There are fails in 7% of HIGH-type and 18% of LOW-type in the stimulus purity of the luminous transmittance. Wavelength of the UV/VIS cut-off was over 350 nm for HIGH-type but 6% of LOW-type was under 350 nm. In the erythemal UV, all HIGH-type met the needs of standards but 5 LOW-type failed with DIN standard In the near UV, KS standard worked in stringency, and HIGH-type showed more failure than LOW-type. The characteristics of the IR transmittance of HIGH-type was better than that of LOW-type. In the color acceptance of traffic signal, all HIGH-type met the needs of ANSI standards but 21.8% of LOW-type failed with the standard. In the contrast sensitivity tested with various coloured sunglasses, the value increased with increasing of Land decreasing of test distance. In view of the results so far, HIGH-type met with excellent properties as compared with LOW-type.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.80-90
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• 2008

This study analyzes interior features of indoor community facilities, focused on apartment complexes in capital area selected by 'Award of best living apartment' during $2000{\sim}2007$. First we analyze community facilities' concept, present standards of installment, present condition, then the size of each complex compared with legal standards. Also, we analyze interior features(spacial layout, furniture and furnishings, interior finishing materials, interior color), too. Research methods included both data survey and site visiting inquiry. Data survey method analyzes size of each complex using community facilities' floor plans, and site visiting inquiry analyzes type and feature of community facilities. Survey target was total 11 complexes, 7 in Seoul, 4 in Gyeonggi-do. The result is as follows. 1) It is needed to improve legal standards of installment, and to provide space with flexibility and changeability in order to allow alternation of usage purpose by resident's claim. 2) To determine size of community facilities, we must planned not only by the number of households, but by legal standards of supply according to the number of households, the rate of net area, and the recommended size per person. 3) The area of community facilities in apartment complex that residents use doesn't considered user's convenience. So it us needed to add each facility's recommendation in response to user's needs.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2013

In order to evaluate a feasibility of industrial art use of veneer such as cylindrical laminated veneer lumber, the veneers of 4 species of Korean pine, radiata pine, yellow poplar and Japanese cypress were natural dye-colored and clear finished. Natural dyes were red color originated from sappanwood, blue color from polygonum indigo, and yellow color from Amur cork tree and gardenia. the clear coats of crack seal clear and UV protection oil were applied on the dyed veneer. The dyeing and finishing characteristics through fading test were summarized as follows; In non-dyed and non-finished Korean pine veneer, lightness was decreased and yellow and red hues increased after fading test. In natural dyed- and finished-veneer, color difference of gardenia-mixed Amur cork tree was generally highest, and that of polygonum indigo was lowest. Compared to non-treatment of veneers of Korean pine and yellow poplar, color difference decreasing effect by finishing was shown in crack seal clear and UV protection oil. In addition, UV protection oil was more favorable than crack seal clear with more decreased color difference. In result, maximum values of color difference after fading for 8 days were recorded about 16 to 20, which are remarked 'very much' of 12.1 or more when reviewing with 'National bureau of standards unit in USA'.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2006

This is a basic research aimed at enhancing a brand image by unifying color images of a brand at both online and offline stores. h survey was conducted on color images of online and offline stores to measure the level of consistency between consumers' perception of the color image and the brand's color strategy. A brand preference survey was also performed to shed light on the relationship between the brand preference and the consistency of color images at online and offline stores. This study is committed to building an effective color strategy, based on the brand strategy, through web color planning that is consistent with the offline color image. This paper started with a specific purpose of devising solutions in regard to the prior study, entitled 'Study on Color Strategies in Brand Coffee', which recognizes the need for consistent color images, or integrated color strategies, in online and offline stores. I specifically took the approach of looking at color planning in the stage of designing a website. Two standards were used to analyze emotional and functional aspects of color images: color grading by I.R.I and five communicators of color information by Rouge. Direct visits were made to the offline stores for surveys to address the shortcomings of the prior study, in which offline stimuli were limited to printed materials. The direct visits enabled a study of an overall color image of the offline stores, while providing a set of substantial and specific guidelines for designing colors for a website. I hope this study goes a long way toward enhancing the level of consistency between online and offline color images based on the brand's unique color strategy, and thereby improving the overall level of brand image.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.370-377
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the color change of heat-treated wood made of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl). The wood samples were heat-treated at 9 different treatment combinations of temperature (170, 180, 200, 220, and $230^{\circ}C$), and time (90, 120, 180, 240, 270 min.) set up by a response surface method. Wood color was measured using a colorimeter, and the samples were installed for evaluating the resistance of termite in the field test sites set up in Jinju. The lightness decreased with the increase of treatment temperature and treatment time. The color differences were evaluated by the method of National Bureau of Standards (NBS), and response surface models to predict the color change were fitted as a function of treatment temperature and treatment time. The $R^2$ values of the fitted models of heat-treated Korean pine and lodgepole pines were 0.92, and 0.88, respectively, showing the potential way for the prediction of color changes. Severe damage was found from the samples in the field test site, which means that the manufactured heat-treated wood did not show the termite resistance enough for the outdoor use.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2011

We present results of two-color VR photometry of the intermediate polar RXS J1803. The data were aquired using the Korean 1-m telescope located at Mt. Lemmon, USA. Different "high" and "low" luminosity states, similar to other intermediate polars, were discovered. No statistically significant variability of the color index with varying luminosity was detected. The orbital variability was found to be not statistically significant. Spin maxima timings were determined, as well as the photometric ephemeris for the time interval of our observations. The spin period variations, caused by interaction of the accretion structure with the rotating magnetic white dwarf, were also detected. These variations are of complicated character, and their study requires further observations. We determine the color transformation coefficients for our photometric systems, and improve on the secondary photometric standards.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.145.1-145.1
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• 2011

We present results of two-color VR photometry of the intermediate polar RXS J1803. The data were aquired using the Korean 1-m telescope located at Mt. Lemmon, USA. Different "high" and "low" luminosity states, similar to other intermediate polars, were discovered. No statistically significant variability of the color index with varying luminosity was detected. The orbital variability was found to be not statistically significant. Spin maxima timings were determined, as well as the photometric ephemeris for the time interval of our observations. The spin period variations, caused by interaction of the accretion structure with the rotating magnetic white dwarf, were also detected. These variations are of complicated character, and their study requires further observations. We determine the color transformation coefficients for our photometric systems, and improve on the secondary photometric standards.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.376-383
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• 2013

The design of the LEDs lighting in general household illumination was proposed and compared with the fluorescent lighting in this study. Using the LED as a light source would promote energy saving lighting for household illumination purposes. We used the LightTools and DIALux software to design and simulate different standards of illuminance, different correlated color temperatures and different color rendering indices for household environments. The power consumption and efficiency of traditional illuminated light sources and an LED light source with the same standard of illuminance for lighting the household environment were analyzed and compared with each other. Finally, our results show the advantages of using white-light LEDs for lighting and household illumination.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.519-525
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• 2018

Obtaining knowledge of the absorbed dose up-taken by a certain material when it is exposed to a specific ionizing radiation field is a very important task. Even though there are a plenitude of methods for determining the absorbed dose, each one has its own strong points and also drawbacks. In this article, an innovative idea for the development of a new gamma-ray dosimetry system is proposed. The method described in this article is based on optical colorimetry techniques. A color standard is fixed to the back of a BK-7 glass plate and then placed in a point in space where the absorbed dose needs to be determined. Gamma-ray-induced defects (color centers) in the glass plate start occurring, leading to a degree of saturation of the standard color, which is proportional, on a certain interval, to the absorbed dose. After the exposure, a high-quality digital image of the sample is taken, which is then processed (MATLAB), and its equivalent $I_{RGB}$ intensity value is determined. After a prior corroboration between various well-known absorbed dose values and their corresponding $I_{RGB}$ values, a calibration function is obtained. By using this calibration function, an "unknown" up-taken dose value can be determined.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.259-264
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the color stability of provisional restorative materials fabricated by 3D printing, dental milling, and conventional materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For the experimental groups, two commercially available 3D-printing provisional resins (E-Dent 100; EnvisionTEC GmbH, Germany & VeroGlaze™; Stratasys^®, USA), two dental milling blocks (PMMA Disk; Yamahachi Dental Co., Japan & Telio^®CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein), and two conventional materials (Alike™; GC Co., Japan & Luxatemp automix plus; DMG, Germany) were used. The water sorption and solubility test were (n=10, respectively) carried out according to ISO4049:2000 (International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland). For the color stability test (n=10), coffee and black tea were used as staining solutions, and the specimens were stored for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD using SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) (P<.05). RESULTS. Alike and Veroglaze showed the highest values and Luxatemp showed the lowest water sorption. In the color stability test, the ΔE of conventional materials varied depending on the staining solution. PMMA milling blocks showed a relatively low ΔE up to 4 weeks, and then significantly increased after 8 weeks (P<.05). 3D-printed materials exhibited a high ΔE or a significant increase over time (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The degree of discoloration increased with time, and a visually perceptible color difference value (ΔE) was shown regardless of the materials and solutions. PMMA milled and 3D-printed materials showed more rapid change in discoloration after 8 weeks.