• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1184-1194
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• 2020

Melanin is a major factor that darkens skin color as one of the defense systems to prevent the harmful effects of UV light. However, darkened skin from the localized or systemic accumulation of melanin is viewed in many cultures as an esthetic problem. Consequentially, searching for anti-melanogenic agents from natural sources is very popular worldwide. Previous screening of fermented rice products, obtained from various rice cultivars fermented with different sources of loog-pang (Thai traditional fermentation starter), revealed that the highest ability to reduce the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells was from unpolished black rice fermented with a defined starter mixture of microbes isolated from loog-pang E11. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the fermented unpolished black rice (FUBR) on the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The strongest reduction of cellular melanin content was found in the FUBR sap (FUBRS). The melanin reduction activity was consistent with the significant decrease in the intracellular tyrosinase activity. The FUBRS showed no cytotoxic effect to B16F10 melanoma or Hs68 human fibroblast cell lines. It also significantly reduced the transcript and protein expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1), TYRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Furthermore, it induced a significantly increased level of phosphorylated ERK, p38 and Akt signaling pathways, which likely contributed to the negative regulation of melanogenesis. From these results, a model for the mechanism of FUBRS on melanogenesis inhibition was proposed. Moreover, these results strongly suggested that FUBRS possesses anti-melanogenesis activity with high potential for cosmeceutical application as a skin depigmenting agent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.387-397
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to suggest design characteristics of picture books for silver generation empirically through academic consideration of necessity and characteristics of picture books targeting silver generation. Through an analytical result of literature materials such as library and information science, pedagogy, and literature therapeutics, and aging phenomenon, picture books help mental and physical health of silver generation, but picture books for silver generation are insufficient in comparison with demand. Therefore, a theoretical basis of study and development of fairy tale books for silver generation is acutely needed. This study suggested that close attention for characteristics of silver generation is needed to solve a problem about dyslexia of silver generation in story, picture(expression, size, layout, structure, and color), and typography of characteristic factors of picture on designing fairy tale books for silver generation, suggesting needs to develop picture books reflecting characteristics such as visual organ, body function, and psychological factor of silver generation. In addition, design characteristics for composition of picture books for silver generation will be used as part of advanced data in a study on solid analytical data through an actual analysis on silver generation in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1212-1219
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• 1999

The oils were extracted from the mixture of roasted(for 20 min at 190oC) perilla seeds(RPS) and roasted (commercially) peanuts(RPN) by solvent extraction(SE) and mechanical expression(ME). The effects of mixing ratio on physicochemical characteristics and oxidative stability of their oils were investigated. Yields of both SE and ME oils were increased as the RPN ratio in the mixture increased. In all the SE and ME oils, the major fatty acids were oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, and total saturated fatty acids increased gradually, but total unsaturated fatty acids decreased gradually as the RPN ratio in the mixture was increased. The specific gravity and refractive index of both SE and ME oils decreased as the RPN ratio in the mixture was increased. Acid value, saponification value and iodine value of SE oils decreased as the RPN ratio in the mixture increased, whereas acid value and iodine value of ME oils decreased and saponification value increased. The colors of ME oils were darker brownish than SE oils. The oxidative stability of SE oils was decreased as the RPN ratio in the mixture increased, whereas that of ME oils was increased. Sensory evaluation of all the oils extracted from the mixture with various mixing ratio showed significant differences in flavor, taste, color and overall acceptance(p<0.01). The oil extracted from the mixture of the mixing ratio of 8:2(RPS:RPN) showed slightly higher preference regardless of extraction method.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

This study suggests the new technique to express the texture that copes with the demands of the times by trying to apply the new Nuno-felt technique, to the silk, the representative material for emotion, in order to provide the basic data for the development of highly value added and competitive materials in the domestic and international markets as well as to meet the demand of consumers in the high emotion age pursuing the idiosyncrasy and qualify enhancement. Nuno-felt is the felting technique that places the wool of desired thickness on the thin fabric using wools and various kinds of fabric materials and rubs them. The samples are 3 kinds of silk including plain Chiffon with different touch, Pongee and Organza and Merino Wool, the best quality wool of wools. As a result, beyond the simple surface effect from the silk showing the superior drape feature with one color and soft wool, the Nuno-felt technique created the feminine as well as masculine, classic and modem image. Furthermore, the harmony of opacity and transparency produced the new dynamic and dimensional texture with the combination of different emotions through the visual emotion of different grey colors and rough, crude and soft touch. This study suggested the possibility that the Nuno-felt technique could create the new emotional materials for the modem sense by combining the materials with different features from the wools unlike the traditional simple felt technique.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-82
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• 2012

21st century is the Age of Culture, and a period that is represented by symbolism and imagery. This is no exception for the countries that want to enhance their image in the international community. In order for a country to improve its brand, it has to select a representative emblem, symbols and cultural items. The usual suspects for this are its name, flag, and anthem. Each of these items can elicit different types of symbolism. It can also be used to differentiate the country from others; however, these are not the only sources of symbolism at the country's disposal. Other popular tools include cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, climate, natural environment, and its national character. A country can use these items to associate itself with certain images. The purpose of this study is to find an objective way to effectively boost Korea's brand. This will be done by comparing and contrasting the ways countries including Korea have used their national emblems to enhance their image. Data from each of the countries were collected and analyzed. The results of this study will become empirical evidence in researches aimed to develop fashion designs that use Korea's national emblem as its motif in order to improve its national brand Countries that were used for this research were United States, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Korea, and they were chosen because their national brand rated highly. The items selected for the analysis were scarves and neckties. This was because, compared to other fashion items, it was easier to sort out scarves and neckties that used motifs of national emblems as well as these two items having the highest usage rate of this type of motif. Group of experts looked through a combined total of 370 scarves and ties and they analyzed the following factors in the design: type of motifs, frequency, use of color, methods of expression and images.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.3 s.112
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• pp.63-77
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to apply fashion design to developing dress design of mobile-phone game characters. As for the research methodology, first, market research has been carried out to extract main images from dress designs of game characters and to understand their socio-cultural meanings. Second, the fashion design, which ran be compared to the extracted images of game characters were selected. Third, analyses were done to find out the gap between the game character's dress designs and the fashion designs. The main images of game characters are revealed as erotic, romantic, heroic, grotesque. These images have been formed by psychological and socio-cultural effects such as stimulation, empathy, compensation, increase of female game player. The differences between the game character's dresses and the fashion designs are as follows; With regard to style, game dresses have silhouette distinguished from background, but fashion collection have blurred silhouette. In the aspect of color, while strong colors are mainly used in game dress, neutral rotors are preferred in fashion collection. As for texture, the expression of 'textures in game character's dress is so far limited due to the insufficient level of the concerned technology. However, the fashion design applying drape of fabrics are well-developed. Mobile-phone game players want reality in game design. Therefore, the effort to overcome the gaps between game dress and fashion design can contribute to the growth of game character design.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.282-289
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• 2018

Melanin is a pigment produced from tyrosine in melanocytes. Although melanin has a protective role against UVB radiation-induced damage, it is also associated with the development of melanoma and darker skin tone. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, which regulates the rate-limiting step during conversion of tyrosine into DOPA and dopaquinone. To develop effective RNA interference therapeutics, we designed a melanin siRNA pool by applying multiple prediction programs to reduce human tyrosinase levels. First, 272 siRNAs passed the target accessibility evaluation using the RNAxs program. Then we selected 34 siRNA sequences with ${\Delta}G{\geq}-34.6kcal/mol$, i-Score value ${\geq}65$, and siRNA scales score ${\leq}30$. siRNAs were designed as 19-bp RNA duplexes with an asymmetric 3' overhang at the 3' end of the antisense strand. We tested if these siRNAs effectively reduced tyrosinase gene expression using qRT-PCR and found that 17 siRNA sequences were more effective than commercially available siRNA. Three siRNAs further tested showed an effective visual color change in MNT-1 human cells without cytotoxic effects, indicating these sequences are anti-melanogenic. Our study revealed that human tyrosinase siRNAs could be efficiently designed using multiple prediction algorithms.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.565-573
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• 2009

The pig could be a useful model to characterize molecular aspects determining several delicate phenotypes because they have been bred for those characteristics. The Korean native pig (KNP) is a regional breed in Korea that was characterized by relatively high intramuscular fat content and reddish meat color compared to other western breeds such as Yorkshire (YS). YS grew faster and contained more lean muscle than KNP. We compared the KNP to Yorksire to find molecular clues determining muscle characteristics. The comparison of skeletal gene expression profiles between these two breeds showed molecular differences in muscle. We found 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) defined by fold change (more than 1.5 fold difference) and statistical significance (within 5% of false discovery rate). Functional analyses of these DEGs indicated up-regulation of most genes involved in cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of most genes involved in cellular differentiation and its inhibition, down-regulation of most genes encoding component of muscular-structural system, and up-regulation of most genes involved in diverse metabolism in KNP. Especially, DEGs in above-mentioned categories included a large number of genes encoding proteins directly or indirectly involved in p53 pathway. Our results indicated a possible role of p53 to determine muscle characteristics between these two breeds.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1318-1330
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• 2010

The 21st century is the age when a sensational image has more explanatory power and can deliver a more powerful message than a message consisting of logical thinking. Powerful visual images create a big impact on many people throughout the world, overcoming linguistic barriers and even replacing language as a means of communication. In the fashion field, the concept and power of visual images within the new multimedia of the 21st century are becoming increasingly important. In recent years, other than the above methods, videos, movies and animation features have been produced directly to enhance visual effects and attempts are increasing to use these new tools as communication methods. This study focuses on animation contents that have been used in the fashion industry to overcome prejudice of luxury international brands that feature images that emphasize value, quality and heritage. The purpose of this study is to focus on the specific character of fashion animation in order to overview the concept of 21st video fashion communication and to show how the collection concept that includes color and detail places an emphasis on visual images. Analysis of previous research, theoretical research through literature and case study on Prada fashion animation led to the following conclusion. The common features of two different Prada fashion animation show that both animation have the following features in common : realism, dramatic impact and convergence for expression methods, and creativeness, hybrid and a happy ending for contents. Beginning with this study, I believe that various angles of interest and concern about communication in the fashion world, which is a social and cultural phenomenon that changes rapidly, can be will be looked at and learned from.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.439-449
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• 2012

Recently, many interactive artworks produce through convergence of art and scientific technology. Artists or designers should cooperate with other areas for analysis in order to share database. According to these requirements, In this study, we analyze Kandinsky's works which are more emphasis on subject area than the emphasis to background area by using a number of colors, faces, and brightness levels. Due to this approach, it determines how to represent for stable screen composition attracting viewer's eyes. As a result, the subject area has more a number of colors, faces, and brightness levels than the background area. In addition, we produce the interactive artwork based on the analyzed data. According to the requirement of convergence and collaboration in the historical background, this study will be able to contribute to make the collaboration by sharing common information between artists and professionals in other areas. In addition, it is expected that other production makers who do not have the background of arts education will be able to configure the visual screen.