• Information Systems Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-103
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• 2012

ISMP is a method of writing clearly the user requirements in the RFP(Request for Proposal) of the IS development projects. Unlike the conventional methods of RFP preparation that describe the user requirements of target systems in a rather superficial manner, ISMP systematically identifies the businesses needs and the status of information technology, analyzes in detail the user requirements, and defines in detail the specific functions of the target systems. By increasing the clarity of RFP, the scale and complexity of related businesses can be calculated accurately, many responding companies can prepare proposals clearly, and the level of fairness during the evaluation of many proposals can be improved, as well. Above all though, the problems that are posed as chronic challenges in this field, i.e., the misunderstanding and conflicts between the users and developers, excessive burden on developers, etc. can be resolved. This study is a case study that analyzes the execution process, execution accomplishment, problems, and the success factors of two pilot projects that introduced ISMP for the first time. ISMP performance procedures of actual site were verified, and how the user needs in the request for quote are described was examined. The satisfaction levels of ISMP RFP for quote were found to be high as compared to the conventional RFP. Although occurred were some problems such as RFP preparation difficulties, increased workload, etc. due to the lack of understanding and execution experience of ISMP, in overall, also occurred were some positive effects such as the establishment of the scope of target systems, improved information sharing and cooperation between the users and the developers, seamless communication between issuing customer corporations and IT service companies, reduction of changes in user requirements, etc. As a result of conducting action research type in-depth interviews on the persons in charge of actual work, factors were derived as ISMP success factors: prior consensus on the need for ISMP, the acquisition of execution resources resulting from the support of CEO and CIO, and the selection of specification level of the user requirements. The results of this study will provide useful site information to the corporations that are considering adopting ISMP and IT service firms, and present meaningful suggestions on the future study directions to researchers in the field of IT service competitive advantages.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.792-812
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• 2010

In the 18th century, Xu Lingtai (徐靈胎) and Yoshimasu Todo (吉益東洞) were famous doctors advocating ancient medicine, though they lived in different countries, China and Japan. We compared their major books, analyzed their academic thoughts and then took conclusions as below. 1. The first, for instance "Classified Prescriptions of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, 傷寒論類方" and "Classified Assemblage of Prescriptions, 類聚方". Based on essential thought that a prescription and a syndrome should correspond, these books arranged and classified the Zhang Zhongjing (張仲景)'s texts."Classified Prescriptions of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases", based on the thought that principles, methods, formulas and medicinals (理法方藥) were integrated in prescriptions, tried to find out the implicit treatment rules in prescriptions and syndromes through analyzing "Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, 傷寒論". On the other hand, because Classified Assemblage of Prescriptions focused on the syndromes of ancient prescriptions (古方), it classified and collected the related texts of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber, 금궤요략", and then suggested only simple instructions on how to prescribe medicine. So in this book, the trend of experience was clear. 2. The second, there is "100 Kinds Records from Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, 神農本草經百種錄" and "Description work of herbal pharmacology comprised of excerpts from Shanhanlun and medical experiences, 藥徵". Though both of these books are professional oriental pharmacology publications that advocate reactionism, there were remarkable differences in writing style between them. "Description work of herbal pharmacology comprised of excerpts from Shanhanlun and medical experiences" was based on "Treat on Cold Damage Diseases" and "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber", just explained the effects of medications and discussed 'matter of course (所當然)', but not discussed 'the reason why (所以然)'. In explaining style of syndromes, it confirmed through research, and emphasized the inductive method. On the other hand, "100 Kinds Records from Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica based on "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, 神農本草經", explained the nature of medications and discussed 'the reason why (所以然)'. In explaining style of syndromes, it annotated and explained, and emphasized the process of reasoning. 3. The third, there is "Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine, 醫學源流論" and Severance of Medical evils, 醫斷". Aiming the then medical theories fallen in confused state, these books brought order out of chaos, clarified the categories of medical research, and emphasized the scientific method that could put theories into practice and verify them. The difference is that "Severance of Medical Evils" researched only macroscopic viewable clinical phenomena, and even denied the existence of names of diseases and etiological causes. Thus, it emphasized the accumulation of experiences, laid emphasis on "watching and realizing (目認)", and "understand and taking in (解悟)". Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine extremely emphasized the research of 'something not occuring (未然)', that is to say, induced notions of a disease from observing clinical phenomena, furthermore based on these, predicted the 'something not occuring (未然)' and emphasized researching 'the reason why (所以然)'. As regards how they deal with the traditional theories and post-Zhang Zhongjing's medicines, "Severance of Medical evils" took completely denying attitudes. In case of "Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine", it could be used reasonably through specific situation and detailed analysis. Collectively speaking, there were some differences between medical theories of Xu Lingtai and Yoshimasu Todo. Actually, these differences were whether he tried to research the essence of disease, whether he tried to consider it rationally, and how he treated various opinions occurring in the theories of traditional medicine and clinical experience.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

This study is mainly based on the introduction process of formative art education method of Korean Bauhaus which was brought in this CQuntry through Japan. The introduction routes into Korea of Bauhaus education method by way of the United States through Germany have been disclosed since 1945, including Korean students studying in the United States as well as Scandinavian countries. Those introduction of Bauhaus method by Korean students into Korea had influenced the domestic university education. However, it was worth notice that Park Hui-rak pointed out through his writing that Bauhaus education method had already existed in the CQuntry before 1945 when korea was liberated from 35 years of Japanese colonial rule. Park hinted in his book of "Korean Design History,199B" that the curriculum of primary school, then affiliated with Taegu Education College had been possibly influenced from Composition Education" idealogy led by Japanese Kawakita Rensichiro. In Japan, Bauhaus education method had been independently introduced by civilians like primary school teachers of Kawakita. However, the possible introduction of the informative art education in the country by way of Japan leaves a lot of things to be considered. Because, the introduction was carried out by Choson governor-General which took charge of colonial rule of korea. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to make full explanation on the introduction of formative art education and on the types. For that purpose, examinations on various materials and information released by many educational institutes as well as by choson Governor-General were included. As the result, it was possible to find out a trace of "Composition Education : Japanese Bauhaus Formative Art Education" in 1937, one year earlier pointed out. And it was remarkable that two interested books were found out, which mainly dealt with Spanung of Composition and Dynamic sense. Finally, through examinations in many aspects, five drawing education books written in 1930s, such as Drawing Guide Details and indication, were proved to be equal to Bauhaus Composition Education in terms of terminology and contents. Moreover, it has been made clear that Composition education Choson was made mostly under the control and management of Choson Governor-General in the of books on education systems in then education college.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2000

Objectives: The Psychopathology of schizophrenia was expected to be related with focal dysfunction of brain while schizophrenia is recognized and studied as the brain disease. Authors studied correlation between neuropsychological tests and delusion which is representative symptom of schizophrenia in patients with head trauma and psychiatric patients in order to explore the functional localization of brain in delusional symptom. Methods: Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and Korean Weschler Intelligent Scale and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) were administered to one hundred ninteen patients consisted of sixty nine psychiatric patients and fifty patients with brain damage. We tested correlation between results of neuropsychological tests and delusional scale made from twenty four items related with delusion in MMPI. T-test between eighteen higher delusion scorers and twenty one lower scorers was examed in psychiatric group. Results: In brain damage group, signigicant correlations were found in the tests related with function of frontal lobe such as category test, trail making AB test, tactual performance test, digit symbol test and fingertip number writing test, and significant correlations were also noted in the tests related with function of left temporal and parietal lobes such as information, comprehension, vocabulary, similarities and speech sound perception test. The tests related with the function of right hemisphere such as tactual performance test location, picture completion and performance, and the tests related with subcortical function such as arithmetic, digit span, attention, digit symbol test, digit symbol and trail making AB test were signigicantly corelated with delusional scale too. In psychiatric group there were significant difference of delusional score in the tests related with function of left hemisphere such as vocabulary, vocable IQ, comprehension and language, and in the tests related with subcortical function such as N 120 voltage, digit symbol and arithmetic. Conclusions: Delusion seems to be related with function of frontal lobe, left hemisphere and subcortex in both groups. Right hemisphere may be also partially related with delusion.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2007

The purpose of this study targeted on high school student in the department of liberal arts, industry in Daegu metropolitan city, is to get basic data necessary for the development of dental educational program, to discern prevention and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder by observing the situation temporomandibular joint disorder and contribution element, of relationship of school life stress The results are as follows.: 1. The percentage of occurring temporomandibular joint disorder in the high school resulted in a joint noise at 61.8% and joint dislocation 6.9%, sharp pain 47.5% at time of chewing. 29.8% at the time of the non-chewing, lockjaw 11.3%, a headache appeared at 40.4%.2. In the contribution factor of occurring temporomandibular joint disorder, the cause of joint noise was the clench one's teeth, lip and cheek clench, For the pain at the time of chewing clench one's teeth, one side chewing, over-chewing, lip clench, sideways sleeping showed the difference. (P < 0.01) For the pain at the time of non-chewing, clench one's teeth, bruxism, one side chewing, lip and cheek clench were similar, and for the lockjaw, clench one's teeth, bruxism, sideways sleeping showed the difference. The plum evil thing period at time of the fault writing that statistically showed the difference. For the headache, the contribution factors were the all bad habits mentioned above excluding one side sleeping.(P < 0.01, P < 0.05). 3. The rate of experiencing temporomandibular joint disorder by oral and maxillofacia was 13.4% in industrial department, and 19.6% in liberal arts. And for the factor of wound was that exercise 26.8%, others 24.4%, fall-down 19.5%. And for the industrial, exercise 44.4%, fall-down 22.2%, others 14.9%. The treatment experience appeared at 5.0% in industrial department, 2.9% in liberal arts. And for the medical institutions, liberal arts were dental clinic 50%, orthopedics 50%, and the industrial department orthopedics 40%, oriental medicine clinic 30%, dental clinic 30%. 4. In case of temporomandibular joint disorder, there were no difference by grades or educational background. And at the time of chewing or non-chewing showed similar difference.(P < 0.01). 5. Compared to stress in the high school, it generally showed higher in liberal arts than in industrial department due to school record. Its scope was $3.75{\pm}1.14$ in liberal arts, $3.01{\pm}1.23$ in industrial department. 6. The school record, school life, stress problems by teachers, chewing/non-chewing pain of temporomandibular joint disorder, joint noise had a similar correlation.(P < 0.01, < 0.05).

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.4
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• pp.57-76
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• 2006

From the late 1920s to the 1930s, Korea's fine art community focused on traditional viewpoints as their main topic. The traditional viewpoints were discussed mainly by Korean students studying in Japan, especially oil painters. Such discussions on tradition can be divided into two separate halves, namely the pre- and post-Sino-Japanese War (1937) periods. Before the war, the modernists among Korea's fine art community tried to gain a fuller understanding of contemporary Western modern art, namely, expressionism, futurism, surrealism, and so forth, on the basis of Orientalism, and borrow from these schools' in order to create their own works. Furthermore, proponents of Joseon's avant-garde fine arts and artists of the pro-fine art school triggered debate on the traditional viewpoints. After the Sino-Japanese War, these artists continued to embrace Western modern art on the basis of Orientalism. However, since Western modern fine art was regressing into Oriental fine art during this period, Korean artists did not need to research Western modern fine art, but sought to study Joseon's classics and create Joseon's own avant- garde fine art in a movement led by the Munjang group. This research reviews the traditional view espoused by the Munjang group, which represented the avant-garde fine art movement of the post-war period. Advocating Joseon's own current of avant-garde fine art through the Munjang literary magazine, Gil Jin - seop, Kim Yong-jun and others accepted the Japanese fine art community's methodology for the restoration of classicism, but refused Orientalism as an ideology, and attempted to renew their perception of Joseon tradition. The advocation of the restoration of classicism by Gil Jin-seop and Kim Yong-jun appears to be similar to that of the Yasuda Yojuro-style restoration of classicism. However, Gil Jin-seop and Kim Yong-jun did not seek their sources of classicism from the Three-Kingdoms and Unified Silla periods, which Japan had promoted as a symbol of unity among the Joseon people; instead they sought classicism from the Joseon fine art which the Japanese had criticized as a hotbed of decadence. It was the Joseon period that the Munjang group chose as classicism when Japan was upholding Fascism as a contemporary extremism, and when Hangeul (Korean writing system) was banned from schools. The group highly evaluated literature written in the style of women, especially women's writings on the royal court, as represented by Hanjungnok (A Story of Sorrowful Days). In the area of fine art, the group renewed the evaluation of not only literary paintings, but also of the authentic landscape paintings refused by, and the values of the Chusa school criticized as decadent by, the colonial bureaucratic artists, there by making great progress in promoting the traditional viewpoint. Kim Yong-jun embraced a painting philosophy based on the painting techniques of Sasaeng (sketching), because he paid keen attention to the tradition of literary paintings, authentic landscape paintings and genre paintings. The literary painting theory of the 20th century, which was highly developed, could naturally shed both the colonial historical viewpoint which regarded Joseon fine art as heteronomical, and the traditional viewpoint which regarded Joseon fine art as decadent. As such, the Munjang group was able to embrace the Joseon period as the source of classicism amid the prevalent colonial historical viewpoint, presumably as it had accumulated first-hand experience in appreciating curios of paintings and calligraphic works, instead of taking a logical approach. Kim Yong-jun, in his fine art theory, defined artistic forms as the expression of mind, and noted that such an artistic mind could be attained by the appreciation of nature and life. This is because, for the Munjang group, the experience of appreciating nature and life begins with the appreciation of curios of paintings and calligraphic works. Furthermore, for the members of the Munjang group, who were purists who valued artistic style, the concept of individuality presumably was an engine that protected them from falling into the then totalitarian world view represented by the Nishita philosophy. Such a 20th century literary painting theory espoused by the Munjang group concurred with the contemporary traditional viewpoint spearheaded by Oh Se-chang in the 1910s. This theory had a great influence on South and North Korea's fine art theories and circles through the Fine Art College of Seoul National University and Pyongyang Fine Art School in the wake of Korea's liberation. In this sense, the significance of the theory should be re-evaluated.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2005

This study was executed from June first to 30th. 2005. The target was first and second graders of Bok-Hyun elementary school and their mothers. The total of participants was 275 persons and the component ratio was 135 first graders and 140 second graders, also 82 boys and 193 girls. They answered to the question sheet by writing out with their own hands. Among the 300 question sheets that were answered, 275 sheets were analyzed, excepting 25 sheets that got poor answer. The results were as follows; (1) About the behavior of mothers and their children for oral health, In mothers' case, 68.8% of them answered that they brush teeth more than 3 times a day and 31.3% answered that they brush teeth less than 2 times a day, so those who brush teeth more than 3 times were more than those who brush teeth less than 2 times In children's case, on the contrary, 14.2% of them answered that they brush teeth more than 3 times a day and 85.8% answered that they brush teeth less than 2 times a day, so those who brush teeth less than 2 times were more. (2) In 7 questions for researching mothers' knowledge level about fluorine, 55.3% of them answer 3~4 questions correctly. In 7 questions for researching mothers' knowledge level about Periodontal disease, 47.3% of them answer 3~4 questions correctly and it was highest. (3) In a case of the relation between oral health knowledge and behavior of mother and frequency of brushing teeth of children, statistical similarity on frequency of brushing teeth was shown(p < 0.05). (4) In a case of the relation between social-anthropological features of mother and frequency of brushing teeth of children, there was no statistical similarity on age, mothers' educational level, monthly income. However, statistical similarity was shown about existence of mothers' occupation(p < 0.05).

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.219-231
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• 1996

The aim here is to analyse the system of description of GIS in all of the high school textbooks passed with the official approval, to find the degree to which teachers understand about GIS, and to consider the present condition of GIS instruction. Most of the authors of textbooks generally underestimate importance of GIS, and there is difference among their awareness. In the system of description of GIS, there are only a few kinds of textbooks in which explanation of GIS is made coherently from the purpose of instruction aim through the chapter summary and to overall test in both of the Korean Geography and the World Geography. This trend is due to the degree of distribution of the GIS specialists in writing a textbook while the other texts books shows just a brief introduction of GIS concept. Although there is the limit for teachers to study how to teach GIS due to its very technological aspect as well as few previous training and teacher's guide. Thus it is evident that about a half of teachers who responded taught high school students without a knowledge on GIS, and a few of them even never referred to that concept. These facts may negatively affect the status of a geography in the society of information. For the solution of these issues, it is considered how to repair the description system and its contents. Besides, the variation among textbooks is reduced at the further revision of the 7th curriculum. And the printed matters of GIS are sufficiently provided for the teachers to use as their teaching aids. It is desirable that the GIS instruction models should be further developed for college education, and the programs for the on-the-job teachers training should be arranged. Besides, the previous training for the on-the-job teachers should be achieved more practically with enough time before the revision of curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2018

In this study, we applied the flipped-classroom to the general chemistry experiment lecture of the domestic university with strong teacher-led, and explored the effects and possibilities of the course. For this purpose, 30 students who were enrolled in the Science Education Department of the College of Education in the metropolitan area were randomly assigned to two groups, namely, the flipped-classroom group and the traditional class group. Then, we developed a general chemistry experiment lessons based on the flipped-classroom along with visual materials and we applied the lessons for 15 weeks. After all the classes, we conducted a survey to see the students' perception of the general chemistry experiment lecture by flipped classroom. As a result of analysis, the students of the flipped-classroom group were more positive than the students of the traditional class group in terms of the usefulness of the class activity, the importance of each activity element for the successful learning, the learning level, and the intention for another lesson. As a result of analyzing students' perceptions in terms of general chemical experiment activities such as conducting experiments or writing reports and understanding the contents of experiments, the average score of the flippedclassroom group was higher than the traditional class group, and the main cause of this result was the video material provided by prior learning activities. In addition, as a result of analyzing students' perceptions in terms of interactions and self-directed learning in class, the average score of the flipped-classroom group was generally higher than the traditional class group. In particular, students' interactions and self-directed learning were statistically significant differences between the two groups. And the students' perception of video material was very positive, and it was analyzed that the video that the instructor directly explained experiment theory and method was the most favorite videos of students. We discussed educational implications of these findings.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition education curriculum with teacher's guide which includes discretionary activities for obese children. A survey was carried out to investigate the recognition of body image and food behaviors according to the obesity index (mild, moderate, severe) in school children (4~6th grade, 158 boys and 60 girls) who were selected based on a physical examination in May, 2006 in the Gyeongnam province. Next, a nutrition education curriculum with teacher's guide was developed on the basis of the findings from the survey and from preceding researches. The results are summarized as follow. The results of this study showed the existence of some nutritional problems such as overeating, prejudice, skipping meals, snacking patterns, etc, which indicate the need for nutritional management for obese children. Most overweight children (80.3%) showed the most interest in the nutrition education program, particularly with regards to dieting for weight control (64.7%). The developed nutrition education curriculum consisted of 8 main subjects and 13 subtitles. The curriculum was prepared for 13 lessons and included songs and singing, making-up lyrics, games about nutrition, discussions of the experience of eating (satiety, thirst, hunger), debates on dietary habits, writing and others to promote the interest for learning. We aimed to develop this program in an attempt to improve the dietary habits of obese school children. This is very important because once a dietary habit is formed in adults, it is difficult to change and the best adjustable stage is during childhood. Therefore, early nutrition education during elementary school can change and build-up the awareness of health in young elementary school children.