• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2010

본 연구는 제주조릿대의 성장단계별 영양소 함량을 분석하고 말에서의 소화율을 검정하여 말 사료자원으로써의 활용가치를 평가하고, 제 주조릿대 군락지 내 말 방목에 따른 제주조릿대의 생산성, 생육특성, 주변 식생의 변화 등을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 제주조릿대를 구초 (1년생)와 신초 (당년생)의 성장단계로 분류하여 조단백질, NDF, ADF 및 무기물 함량을 분석했다. 제주마 5두를 이용 제주조릿대 구초와 신초의 전분채취법을 이용한 외관상 소화율을 검정했다. 제주조릿대 자연 군락지 내에 말 2두를 2년 동안 4회에 걸쳐 방목하면서 생육특성, 생산량을 조사했다. 제주조릿대의 조단백질 함량 (DM 기준)이 구초 줄기와 잎에서 각각 $4.8{\pm}0.4$, $12.2{\pm}1.1%$, 신초 줄기와 잎에서는 각각 $8.0{\pm}0.8$, $16.6{\pm}1.0%$로 나타났다. 일반 목초류에 비해 제주조릿대의 Fe, Mn, Zn 함량이 특이적으로 높았다. 제주조릿대의 외관상 건물 소화율은 구초와 신초에서 각각 $36.4{\pm}0.8$, $47.2{\pm}1.2%$로 신초가 구초보다 소화율이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 말 방목 이전에 비해 방목을 거듭 할수록 제주조릿대 초장 (86.9 vs 33.1 cm), 엽장 (19.3 vs 16.0 cm), 엽폭 (5.3 vs 3.7cm) 등이 감소하였으며, 이에 따른 생산량 및 밀도 (145.6 vs 52.8개/$m^2$)도 줄어들었다. 본 연구 결과, 제주조릿대는 사료가치가 양호하여 사료자원으로의 활용이 가능하나, 방목이 지속될수록 세력이 약화되어 생산량 및 밀도가 감소하고 있어 이용 방법에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.862-870
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• 2002

단심증과 총폐정맥연결이상증을 동반한 환아는 조기에 증상이 발현하는 경우가 흔하며, 특히 폐쇄성 폐정맥 통로가 존재하는 경우는 사망률이 매우 높은 질환으로 보고되고 있다. 이런 환아군에 대한 일단계 수술 결과와 이에 영향하는 위험인자를 분석하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상 및 연구방법: 1987년 1월에서 2002년 6월까지 서울대 어린이병원 흉부외과에서 경험한 총폐정맥연결이상증을 동반한 단심증으로 일단계 교정술을 받은 39례를 대상으로 하였다. 환아의 연령의 중앙값은 2.4(0.03~10.7)개월이었고, 남녀비는 29:10이 었다. 단심증은 우세우심실 20례, 방실중격결손을 동반한 단심증 15례, 우세좌심실 3례, 삼첨판 폐쇄증이 1례였고 총폐정맥연결이상증은 상심형 22례, 심장형 5례, 하심형 11례, 혼합형 1례였다. 폐쇄성 폐정맥 통로를 보였던 환아는 11례였다. 수술은 37례에서 단심증의 폐혈류 균형을 조절하기 위한 고식술을 시행하였으며, 31례에서 총폐정맥연결이상증을 함께 교정하였다. 본 연구에서는 상기 환자군을 대상으로 술전상태, 사망률, 술후경과 등을 살펴보고, 조기 사망에 영향하는 인자들을 발견하기 위해 단변량, 다변량 분석법을 이용하였다. 결과: 생존 환아의 평균추적관찰기간은 34.3$\pm$43.0(0.53~146.2)개월이었으며 조기사망률은 43.6% (17/39)였다. 조기사망원인은 저심박출증이 8례, 심기능부전에 의한 심례기이탈 실패가 3례, 술후 발생한 패혈증을 동반한 감염(2), 발작성 폐동맥 고혈압(1), 폐부종(1), 폐렴(1), 부정맥(1) 등이었다. 단변량분석에서 조기사망에 영향하는 인자는 체중, 신생아기 수술적응, 폐정맥 통로의 폐쇄, 술전상태, 일단계 수술시 총폐정맥연결이상증의 교정, 수술시간, 심폐기가동시간 등이었고, 다변량분석에서는 체중, 일단계 수술 당시의 연령, 신생아기 수술적응, 술전상태, 심폐기가동시간 등이 위험인자로 분석되었다. 결론$\boxUl$ 연구자 등은 본 연구를 통하여 총폐정맥연결이상증을 동반한 단심증이 조기에 증상이 발현되어 신생아기 또는 조기 영아기에 일단계 수술이 필요한 경우가 흔하고, 특히 폐정맥 통로의 폐쇄를 동반한 경우 술전상태가 불량함에도 불구하고 조기에 수술적 교정이 불가피한 경우가 적지 않으며, 이 경우 일단계 수술시 총폐정맥연결이상증에 대한 수술적 교정이 추가되어 수술시간 및 심폐기가동시간이 연장되고 이로 인해 술후 심근기능의 저하가 초래되어 높은 수술 사망률을 보인다는 사실을 확인하였다. 반면, 폐정맥 통로의 폐쇄를 동반되지 않은 일부 환아군에 대하여 일단계 수술시 이를 교정하지 않고 차후로 미루는 것이 수술시간 및 체외순환시간을 단축하고 심근 기능저하와 폐혈관 손상을 줄여 수술성적의 향상을 기대할 수 있었다. 그러나 이러한 수술 방침이 최종단계의 폰탄 술식까지 성공적으로 시행하기 위한 이상적인 치료원칙임을 입증하기 위해서는 보다 장기적인 추적이 필요하다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2002

본 연구는 개 난자의 체외성숙율 높이기 위해 개의 발정주기가 체외성숙에 미치는영향과 체외성숙율의 효율적 향상을 위해 실험을 실시하였으며, 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. Anestrus, proestrus, estrus와 diestrus의 발정주기로 구분하여 MII로의 체외성숙율을 48시간과 72시간 배양후 관찰한 결과 각각 15.9%, 16.3%, 23.7%와 18.2%와 22.1%, 30.8%, 36.6%와 17.5%로 나타났다. 2. 각 발정주기별로 72시간 배양한 후의 성숙율은 estrus 및proestrus기의 난자가 anestrus 난자보다 유의 적으로 높은 값를 보였다(p＜0.05). 3. 배양시간에 따른 체외성숙율은 72시간 배양한 성숙율이 48시간 배양 후보다 높은 결과를 나타내 었다(p＜0.05).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.65-83
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• 1979

Low-temperature drying systems have been extensively used for drying cereal grain such as shelled corn and wheat. Since the 1973 energy crisis, many researches have been conducted to apply solar energy as supplemental heat to natural air drying systems. However, little research on rough rice drying has been done in this area, especially very little in Korea. In designing a solar drying system, quality loss, airflow requirements, temperature rise of drying air, fan power and energy requirements should be throughly studied. The factors affecting solar drying systems are airflow rate, initial moisture content, the amount of heat added to drying air, fan operation method and the weather conditions. The major objectives of this study were to analyze the effects of the performance factors and determine design parameters such as airflow requirements, optimum bed depth, optimum temperature rise of drying air, fan operation method and collector size. Three hourly observations based on the 4-year weather data in Chuncheon area were used to simulate rough rice drying. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the experimental and predicted values of the temperature rise of the air passing through the collector agreed well. 2. Equilibrium moisture content was affected a little by airflow rate, but affected mainly by the amount of heat added, to drying air. Equilibrium moisture content ranged from 12.2 to 13.2 percent wet basis for the continuous fan operation, from 10.4 to 11.7 percent wet basis for the intermittent fan operation respectively, in range of 1. 6 to 5. 9 degrees Centigrade average temperature rise of drying air. 3. Average moisture content when top layer was dried to 15 percent wet basis ranged from 13.1 to 13.9 percent wet basis for the continuous fan operation, from 11.9 to 13.4 percent wet basis for the intermittent fan operation respectively, in the range of 1.6 to 5.9 degrees Centigrade average temperature rise of drying air and 18 to 24 percent wet basis initial moisture content. The results indicated that grain was overdried with the intermittent fan operation in any range of temperature rise of drying air. Therefore, the continuous fan operation is usually more effective than the intermittent fan operation considering the overdrying. 4. For the continuous fan operation, the average temperature rise of drying air may be limited to 2.2 to 3. 3 degrees Centigrade considering safe storage moisture level of 13.5 to 14 perceut wet basis. 5. Required drying time decrease ranged from 40 to 50 percent each time the airflow rate was doubled and from 3.9 to 4.3 percent approximately for each one degrees Centigrade in average temperature rise of drying air regardless of the fan operation methods. Therefore, the average temperature rise of drying air had a little effect on required drying time. 6. Required drying time increase ranged from 18 to 30 percent approximately for each 2 percent increase in initial moisture content regardless of the fan operation methods, in the range of 18 to 24 percent moisture. 7. The intermittent fan operation showed about 36 to 42 percent decrease in required drying time as compared with the continuous fan operation. 8. Drymatter loss decrease ranged from 34 to 46 percent each time the airflow rate was doubled and from 2 to 3 percent approximately for each one degrees Centigrade in average temperature rise of drying air, regardless of the fan operation methods. Therefore, the average temperature rise of drying air had a little effect on drymatter loss. 9. Drymatter loss increase ranged from 50 to 78 percent approximately for each 2 percent increase in initial moisture content, in the range of 18 to 24 percent moisture. 10. The intermittent fan operation: showed about 40 to 50 percent increase in drymatter loss as compared with the continuous fan operation and the increasing rate was higher at high level of initial moisture and average temperature rise. 11. Year-to-year weather conditions had a little effect on required drying time and drymatter loss. 12. The equations for estimating time required to dry top layer to 16 and 1536 wet basis and drymatter loss were derived as functions of the performance factors. by the least square method. 13. Minimum airflow rates based on 0.5 percent drymatter loss were estimated. Minimum airflow rates for the intermittent fan operation were approximately 1.5 to 1.8 times as much as compared with the continuous fan operation, but a few differences among year-to-year. 14. Required fan horsepower and energy for the intermittent fan operation were 3. 7 and 1. 5 times respectively as much as compared with the continuous fan operation. 15. The continuous fan operation may be more effective than the intermittent fan operation considering overdrying, fan horsepower requirements, and energy use. 16. A method for estimating the required collection area of flat-plate solar collector using average temperature rise and airflow rate was presented.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.64-64
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• 1979

Low-temperature drying systems have been extensively used for drying cereal grain such as shelled corn and wheat. Since the 1973 energy crisis, many researches have been conducted to apply solar energy as supplemental heat to natural air drying systems. However, little research on rough rice drying has been done in this area, especially very little in Korea. In designing a solar drying system, quality loss, airflow requirements, temperature rise of drying air, fan power and energy requirements should be throughly studied. The factors affecting solar drying systems are airflow rate, initial moisture content, the amount of heat added to drying air, fan operation method and the weather conditions. The major objectives of this study were to analyze the effects of the performance factors and determine design parameters such as airflow requirements, optimum bed depth, optimum temperature rise of drying air, fan operation method and collector size. Three hourly observations based on the 4-year weather data in Chuncheon area were used to simulate rough rice drying. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the experimental and predicted values of the temperature rise of the air passing through the collector agreed well.2. Equilibrium moisture content was affected a little by airflow rate, but affected mainly by the amount of heat added, to drying air. Equilibrium moisture content ranged from 12.2 to 13.2 percent wet basis for the continuous fan operation, from 10.4 to 11.7 percent wet basis for the intermittent fan operation respectively, in range of 1. 6 to 5. 9 degrees Centigrade average temperature rise of drying air.3. Average moisture content when top layer was dried to 15 percent wet basis ranged from 13.1 to 13.9 percent wet basis for the continuous fan operation, from 11.9 to 13.4 percent wet basis for the intermittent fan operation respectively, in the range of 1.6 to 5.9 degrees Centigrade average temperature rise of drying air and 18 to 24 percent wet basis initial moisture content. The results indicated that grain was overdried with the intermittent fan operation in any range of temperature rise of drying air. Therefore, the continuous fan operation is usually more effective than the intermittent fan operation considering the overdrying.4. For the continuous fan operation, the average temperature rise of drying air may be limited to 2.2 to 3. 3 degrees Centigrade considering safe storage moisture level of 13.5 to 14 perceut wet basis.5. Required drying time decrease ranged from 40 to 50 percent each time the airflow rate was doubled and from 3.9 to 4.3 percent approximately for each one degrees Centigrade in average temperature rise of drying air regardless of the fan operation methods. Therefore, the average temperature rise of drying air had a little effect on required drying time.6. Required drying time increase ranged from 18 to 30 percent approximately for each 2 percent increase in initial moisture content regardless of the fan operation methods, in the range of 18 to 24 percent moisture.7. The intermittent fan operation showed about 36 to 42 percent decrease in required drying time as compared with the continuous fan operation.8. Drymatter loss decrease ranged from 34 to 46 percent each time the airflow rate was doubled and from 2 to 3 percent approximately for each one degrees Centigrade in average temperature rise of drying air, regardless of the fan operation methods. Therefore, the average temperature rise of drying air had a little effect on drymatter loss. 9. Drymatter loss increase ranged from 50 to 78 percent approximately for each 2 percent increase in initial moisture content, in the range of 18 to 24 percent moisture. 10. The intermittent fan operation: showed about 40 to 50 percent increase in drymatter loss as compared with the continuous fan operation and the increasing rate was higher at high level of initial moisture and average temperature rise.11. Year-to-year weather conditions had a little effect on required drying time and drymatter loss.12. The equations for estimating time required to dry top layer to 16 and 1536 wet basis and drymatter loss were derived as functions of the performance factors. by the least square method.13. Minimum airflow rates based on 0.5 percent drymatter loss were estimated.Minimum airflow rates for the intermittent fan operation were approximately 1.5 to 1.8 times as much as compared with the continuous fan operation, but a few differences among year-to-year.14. Required fan horsepower and energy for the intermittent fan operation were3. 7 and 1. 5 times respectively as much as compared with the continuous fan operation.15. The continuous fan operation may be more effective than the intermittent fan operation considering overdrying, fan horsepower requirements, and energy use.16. A method for estimating the required collection area of flat-plate solar collector using average temperature rise and airflow rate was presented.

• 대한간호
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.77-99
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• 1992

The study was carried out at W. hospital, an affiliated hospital of Y university, involved a total of 163 patients who were discharged from the hospital between May 1990 und March 199J. Data collection was twice, just prior to discharge and a minimum of three months post discharge. Thirty patients who lived within a hour travel time of the hospital received home care during the three months post discharge. Nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions For these patients were analyzed in this study. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. Discharge needs for the subjects of the study were analyzed using Gordon's eleven Functional categories and it was found that 48.3% of the total sample had identified nursing needs. Of these, the needs most frequently identified were in the categories of sexuality, 79.3 %, health perception, 68.2 % self concept, 62.5 %, and sleep and rest 62.5 %. Looking ut j he nursing diagnosis that were made for the 30 patients receiving home care, the following diagnoses were the most frequently given; alteration in sexual pattern 79.3%, alterations in health maintenance, 72.6%, alteration in comfort, 68.0%, depression, 64.0%, noncompliance with diet therapy, 6.3.7%, alteration in self concept, 55.6%, and alteration in sleep pattern, 53%. 2. In looking at the effects of home nursing care as demonstrated by changes in the functional categories over the three month period, it was Found that of the 11 functional categories, the need level for health perception, nutrition, activity and self concept decreased slightly over the three month period. On the average sleep patterns improved, but restfulness was slightly less and bowel elimination patterns improved but satisfaction with urinary elimination was slightly less. On the other hand, role enactment, sexuality, stress management and spirituality decreased slightly. The only results that were statistically significant at the 0.05 level were improvement. in digestion and decrease in pain. No statistically significant changes were found in ability related to ADL, the total ADL Score at discharge was $19.78{\pm}8.234, and after 3 months $19.01{\pm}8.12$. Considering that a majority of the patients were over 60 years of age and that many had brain or spinal cord injuries, the fact that their ADL ability did nor deteriorate after discharge can be interpreted as related to a positive impact by the home health care nurses. Similarly there was a slight be not statistically significant decrease in the quality of life scores between the two lest times(l47.83 at discharge and 113.02 at the three month period). Again, when the chronic nature of thee problems facing these patients is considered this maintenance of quality of life can be interpreted as a positive impact by the home health care nurses. 3. One of the home care nursing activities was diagnosis. For this activity it was found that for nine functional health categories(sexuality and spirituality excepted) there were 20 nursing diagnoses. The most frequent were noncompliance, alteration in skin integrity both actual and potential, and impaired physical mobility in that order. 4. Delivery of home health care by the home health nurses included the following nursing activities; assessment, patient education, demonstration of care activities, counselling, direct care to the patient and referrals. Direct care included changing dressings, bladder irrigations, changing Foley catheters, measurement of residual urine, perineal care, position change, back care, oral hygiene, exercise and massage of motion exercises, cleansing enemas, tracheostomy suctioning and tracheostomy care, care of dentures, applications of heat and other similar nursing activities. In conclusion almost 50% of (he sample indicated a need for continued nursing care at the time of discharge and for the patients in the sample who received home care there was a slight decrease in nursing needs but while the patients had chronic and debilitation problems there was ill decrease in ADL abilities or in quality of life. Further study needs Lo be done La increase the reliability and validity of the tool that was used to measure home health care needs. It is also recommended that study by done using a randomized sampling with a control group to compare patients who receive home care with those who do not.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.190-202
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• 2020

세계적으로 식용곤충은 중요한 잠재적 미래식량으로 전망되고 있으며, 식용곤충 및 이를 이용한 제품을 개발하고 보급하기 위해서는 식용곤충에 대한 소비자 인식에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성인 453명 (남자 172명, 여자 281명)을 대상으로 2018년 12월부터 2019년 1월까지 식용곤충에 대한 인식, 구매 및 섭취 실태를 설문조사한 후 성별 및 연령에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 식용곤충을 인지하고 있는 대상자는 87.0% 이었으며, 알고 있는 식용곤충의 종류는 벼메뚜기 (92.4%), 누에번데기 (70.3%) 순이었고 식용곤충에 대한 정보는 방송·신문·잡지·인터넷 기사 및 광고에서 얻는다는 응답 (36.8%)이 가장 높았다. 식용곤충(제품)의 구매 또는 섭취 경험은 남자가 여자보다 유의하게 높았으며 (45.9% vs. 31.0%, p < 0.01), 연령증가에 따라 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.001). 이용해본 식용곤충 종류는 누에번데기 (76.5%), 벼메뚜기 (63.9%) 순이었으며, 구매한 곳은 음식점 (42.2%), 제품의 형태는 조리식품 (42.2%)이 가장 높았고, 이용한 주된 이유는 호기심에서 (30.1%), 식품 섭취 목적으로 (23.5%), 맛이 있어서 (22.9%) 순이었다. 식용곤충의 만족도는 맛 (3.4점), 가격 (3.3점), 품질 (3.3점), 안전성(3.1점), 모양 및 외형 (2.7점) 순이었으며, 특히 모양 및 외형의 경우 60대 이상이 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 식용곤충(제품)에 대한 향후 이용 의사는 남자가 여자보다 높았으며 (65.7% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001), 연령 증가에 따라 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 식용곤충 이용 의사에 대한 이유는 영양적 측면 (3.6점), 건강관리 측면 (3.4점), 환경적 기여 (3.3점), 호기심 (3.2점), 맛(2.8점) 순이었으며, 식용곤충 이용 의사가 없는 이유는 거부감 (4.1점), 신체적 안전 우려 (3.5점), 제품의 낮은 신뢰 (3.5점), 비싼 가격 (3.2점) 순이었다. 식용곤충에 대한 거부감은 여자가 남자보다 유의하게 높았으며 (4.3 vs. 3.9, p < 0.001), 연령이 낮을수록 높았다 (p < 0.001). 식용곤충 이용 시 필요한 정보는 원산지 (63.8%)가 가장 높았으며, 선호하는 제품의 형태는 분말형태 (39.5%), 음식에 첨가 (24.1%), 환 형태 (20.1%) 순이었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때 소비자들의 식용곤충(제품)에 대한 높은 인지도에 비해 실제 이용 경험이나 향후 이용 의사는 낮았으며, 특히 여자와 낮은 연령층에서 낮았다. 또한 식용곤충의 모양 및 외형에 대한 만족도가 가장 낮아 식용곤충을 이용하지 않는 주된 이유인 거부감으로 인식되는 것으로 나타남으로써 앞으로 여성과 젊은 층의 식용곤충에 대한 인식을 긍정적으로 전환시키고 다양한 소비자 요구를 반영하는 노력이 필요하다는 것을 제안한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.500-505
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• 2005

목 적 : 소아 호흡기 감염의 주된 병원체인 M. pneumoniae는 일반적으로 4 내지 7년의 유행 주기를 가지는 것으로 알려져 있으나 M. pneumoniae 유행 기간 중 항체 양전율에 대한 정확한 국내 보고는 아직까지 없는 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 2003년 하반기 M. pneumoniae 유행 기간 전후로 항체 추적 검사를 시행하여 항체 양전율을 조사하고 나이, 초기 항체가, 아토피 유무가 항체 양전율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 상반기 본원 외래를 방문하여 Mycoplasma 항체를 측정한 환아 중 혈청 항체가가 음성, 1 : 40, 1 : 80이었던 환아 191명을 대상으로 2004년 상반기에 추적 검사를 실시하였다. 추적 검사상 항체 역가가 4배 이상 증가한 경우를 항체 양전으로 정의하였고 항체 양전 여부에 따라 항체 양전군과 항체 비양전군으로 구분하였다. 혈청 항체 검사는 Serodia-Myco II 입자 응집법을 사용하여 시행하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아들의 평균 나이는 $6.6{\pm}2.7$세였다. 남여 수는 각각 137명과 54명이었고 4세 이상 환아 중 아토피로 분류된 환아는 75명(44.6%)이었다. 대상 환아 중 항체 양전을 보인 환아는 83명(43.5%)이었다. 항체 양전군과 비양전군의 나이, 성별, 아토피 유무를 각각 비교하였을 때 두 군간의 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 대상 환아들을 나이에 따라 네 군으로 나누어 비교하였을 때 각 군 사이 유의한 항체 양전율의 차이는 없었다. 초기 항체가가 음성, 1 : 40, 1 : 80이었던 환아들에서 항체 양전율은 각각 45.5%, 46.3%, 26.1%로 각 군 간 항체 양전율의 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 아토피군과 비아토피군으로 나누어 비교하였을 때 항체 양전율은 각각 40.0%, 48.4%로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 2003년 하반기의 M. pneumoniae 유행 시기에 항체 양전율은 43.5%로 관찰되었으며 나이, 초기 항체가, 아토피 유무에 따른 항체 양전율의 차이는 없었다. 위 결과로 미루어 보아 M. pneumoniae 유행 시기에 소아 연령의 상당수에서 M. pneumoniae 감염에 이환되는 것으로 생각되며 M. pneumoniae의 혈청학적 역학 연구에 항체 양전율 조사가 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1988

1985년 7월부터 1987년 6월까지 2년 동안 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 소아과에 입원한 환자중 신기능에 영향을 미치는 인자가 없는 1세부터 15세까지의 남녀환아 81명을 대상으로 키와 혈장 creatinine 농도를 이용한 공식 $GFR=k{\cdot}Ht/Pcr$ (k=상수)을 이용하여 실제 측정된 creatinine clearance와 Ht/Pcr에서 구해진 $k_M$ (measured k)의 적합성을 연령별로 1~5세(I군), 6~10세(II군), 11~15세(III순) 그리고 전 연령군으로 나누어 검정하였다. 1) 실제 측정된 creatinine clearance ($m{\ell}/min/1.73m^2$)는 I군에서 $109.73{\pm}9.97$, II군에서 $108.26{\pm}9.02$, III군에서 $96.20{\pm}4.72$ 그리고 전 연령군에서는 $105.48{\pm}5.23$이었다. 2) Ht/Pcr과 실제 측정된 creatinine clearance를 이용한 공식에서 얻어진 $k_M$값은 I군에서 $0.49{\pm}0.03$, II군에서 $0.48{\pm}0.02$, III군에서 $0.43{\pm}0.02$ 그리고 전 연령군에서는 $0.47{\pm}0.02$이었다. 3) Ht/Pcr(x)과 실제 측정된 creatinine clearance(y)를 이용하여 각 군별 및 전 연령군의 회귀방정식과 이들간의 얻어진 상관계수(r)는 I군에서 y=0.82x-65.63(r=0.99), II군에서 y=0.61x-23.46(r=0.72), III군에서 y=0.18x+54.44(r=0.54) 그리고 전 연령군에서는 y=0.58x-22.13(r=0.81)로 모두에게 상관관계가 높게 나왔다. 4) 이 회귀방정식을 이용하여 추정된 creatinine clearance($Ccr_E$) 값을 정리한 후, 추정된 creatinine clearance와 Ht/Pcr에서 구한 $k_E$(estimated k)값은 I군에서 $0.48{\pm}0.01$, II군에서 $0.49{\pm}0.01$, III군에서 $0.43{\pm}0.01$ 그리고 전 연령군에서는 0.47이었다. 5) 간군별 $k_M$과 $k_E$의 적합도는 I, II군에서 95~97.5%, III군에서 90~95% 그리고 전 연령군에서는 97.5%~99%로 모두에서 높게 나왔다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 보면 Ht/Pcr과 본 연구에서 계산된 $k_M$값을 이용한 공식을 사용하여 신속하고 간편하게 사구체여과율(GFR)을 산출하여 사구체기능을 평가할 수 있다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.389-409
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the differences between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of postpartum women during the early postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain needed to develope the nursing quality for postpartum women. The subjects were 87 postpartum women who had vaginal delivery at 2 general hospital and 2 maternity hospital in the Ulsan City. The period for the data collection was from June 1 to 29, 1999. The data was gathered using an 98 items questionnaire which was a modified version of a questionnaire the developed by Y. J. Chun. Results found are as follows : 1. The general characteristics of the subjects : The majority of subjects were 25-29 yrs. (57.5%), high school and college graduates(96.5%), unemployed(75.9%), middle ranged economics(93.1%), had no religion(43.7%), male baby(52.9%), birth weight 3-3.5Kg(49.4%), wanted pregnancy(96.6%), no abortion history(50.6%), had antenatal care(89.7%), had prenatal education(32.2%), postnatal education(42.5%), intended breast feeding (46.0%), had resonable self confidence about self(20.7%), infant care(36.8%) and nuclear family pattern(82.3%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care(3.93) and the levels of satisfaction(3.86) was relatively high. The nursing needs by category of nursing care, the highest need was in the emotional and psychological care(4.09), and the lowest need was in physical need(3.73). The satisfactions by category of nursing care, the highest satisfaction was in emotional and psychological care(4.11) and the lowest satisfaction was in education in self care(3.64). The significant differences between nursing needs and satisfactions were found on education in infant care(p=.005), and education in self care(p=.020). 3. Among items of physical care, 'accurate medication and treatment(4.21)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.13)', 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound (4.12)' and 'regular observation of postpartum conditions(4.09)' showed high nursing needs. 'Accurate medication and treatment(4.31)', 'regular observation of postpartum condition(4.24)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.22)' and 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound(4.12)' showed high satisfaction levels. 4. Among items of emotional and psychological care, 'personal treatment(4.32)', kind and faithful care(4.30)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.25)', 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.23)' and detailed explanation on a doubt(4.13)', showed high nursing needs, 'personal treatment(4.52)', 'kind and faithful care(4.45)', 'detailed explanation on a doubt(4.24)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.21)' and 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant except item of 'early contacts with their baby and breast feeding'. 5. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction were on the items of 'neat bedding and clothes(4.05, 4.21)' and 'room cleansing or care of room(4.01, 4.28)'. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'room cleansing of care of room'. 6. Among items of educational needs on self care, 'sitz bath method(4.22)', 'high risk symptoms to immediate clinic visits(4.13)', 'the timing of tub bath(4.05)' and 'good secretion of breast milk(4.03)', showed high nursing needs, 'sitz bath method(4.22)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'the timing of hair shampoo', 'the timing of tub bath', ' the method of pad change', 'postpartum exercise', 'good secretion of breast milk', 'maintenance of breast figure', 'contraindicated drugs in postpartum women', 'kegel exercise' and 'breast self examination'. 7. Among items of educational needs on infant care, 'immunization of infants(4.36)', 'symptoms of sickness to immediate clinic visits(4.28)'. 'safety and emergency care(4.28)', 'umbilical care(4.26)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.24)', 'normal growth and development of infant(4.24)' and 'infection control(4.22)', showed high level of nursing care, 'immunization of infants(4.21)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.17)', were high satisfaction items showed significant differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction. 8. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among postpartum women were as follows : 1) Physical area : There were no significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mothers', 'baby's weights', 'baby's sex', 'planning of feeding' and 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 2) Emotional and psychological area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different in the area of 'confidence in self care'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'baby's weights', 'the confidence of infant care' and 'working mother'. 3) Environment area : There were on significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'maternal age' and 'baby's weights'. 4) Education in self care : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history' and 'type of family formation'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mother', 'baby's sex', 'antenatal care', 'postpartum education', 'planning of feeding', 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 5) Education in infant care area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'receiving postpartum education or not' and 'working mother'.