• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.479-500
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• 2016

Seismic design criteria allow enhancing the structural ductility and controlling the damage distribution. Therefore, detailing rules and design requirements given by current seismic codes might be also beneficial to improve the structural robustness. In this paper a comprehensive parametric study devoted to quantifying the effectiveness of seismic detailing for steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRF) in limiting the progressive collapse under column loss scenarios is presented and discussed. The overall structural performance was analysed through nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. With this regard the following cases were examined: (i) MRF structures designed for wind actions according to Eurocode 1; (ii) MRF structures designed for seismic actions according to Eurocode 8. The investigated parameters were (i) the number of storeys; (ii) the interstorey height; (iii) the span length; (iv) the building plan layout; and (v) the column loss scenario. Results show that structures designed according to capacity design principles are less robust than wind designed ones, provided that the connections have the same capacity threshold in both cases. In addition, the numerical outcomes show that both the number of elements above the removed column and stiffness of beams are the key parameters in arresting progressive collapse.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2023

This study evaluated slope stability through a case study to determine the disaster risks associated with increased deforestation in structures, including schools and apartments, located in urban areas adjacent to slopes. The slope behind the ○○ High School in Gwangju, Korea, collapsed owing to heavy rain in August 2018. Historically, rainwater drained well around the slope during the rainy season. However, during the collapse, a large amount of seepage water flowed out of the slope surface and a shallow failure occurred along the saturated soil layer. To analyze the cause of the collapse, the images of the upper area of the slope, which could not be directly identified, were captured using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A digital elevation model of the slope was constructed through image analysis, making it possible to calculate the rainfall flow direction and the area, width, and length of logging areas. The change in the instability of the slope over time owing to rainfall lasting ten days before the collapse was analyzed through numerical analysis. Imaging techniques based on the UAV images were found to be effective in analyzing ground disaster risk maps in urban areas. Furthermore, the analysis was found to predict the failure before its actual occurrence.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.182-188
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• 1991

구조물의 비선형 거동을 추적 조사하는 비선형 유한요소 해석에서 하중증분을 사용하는 Newton-Raphson방법은 임계점 근처에서는 수렴이 안되는 단점을 갖고 있으므로 구조물의 거동이 심한 비선형 경로(nonlinear path)를 포함하고 있는 구조물의 거동을 조사하기 위해서는 Newton-Raphson 방법의 부가적인 수정이 필요하다. Newton-Raphson 방법의 수정보완 방법으로 Riks에 의해 제안된 구속조건식을 사용하여 반복계산하는 arc-length method로써 접선강성벡터에서 수직인 방향으로 접근하는 방법(normal arc-length method)과 접선강성벡터가 원호를 그리며 비선형 경로에 접근해 가는 방법(cylindrical arc-length method)을 사용하였으며 또한 각 단계에서 비선형의 정도에 따라 arc-length를 조절하는 자동하중 증분법을 사용하였다. 비선형 수치해석의 예로 경사진 외팔보, 단순 아치구조, 쉘 구조 및 편심 보강평판의 비선형 거동을 추적 조사하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1997

In this paper the bending collapse characteristics of square and rectangular steel tubes were studied with the pure bending test machine which apply pure bending moment without imposing shear and tensile forces. Under pure bending moment, delayed buckling modes occur and depend on test length and shape of section. For delayed mode, the endrgy of bending moment is absorbed by strain hardening energy. The pre- dictions of maximum moment and moment-rotation angle curve from those concepts are in good agreement with experimental observations.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

During the last 10 years, the various type of high speed craft have been greatly developed, and since around of 1990 the large size of high speed passenger and/or cargo vessels are also introduced and took into the service in the various routes over the world. In a marine traffic way some bridge need to build across a rivers, cannals or a waterways. This one will be an obstruction and potential risk of collision in the way of high speed craft. Accordingly some of collision accident have been reported, which were caused by a lost control, wind and hydrodynamic forces, fog or human errors. In this paper a high speed craft having 40 m length is assumed to be collided with a circular type of bridge piers at right angle. The mode of deformation, penetration depth of collapse, impact forces, reduction of speed, loss of kinetic energy, and influence of scantlings, etc. have been calculated in each speed with a time variation to find a maximum values within a limit, and are graphically presented.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2017

The catastrophic collapse of the in-boiler scaffolding system in the two thermal power plants occurred in March and April 2012. After site investigation and document review, it was found that the specialized scaffolding system was imported for overhaul & maintenance and that the system did not get the safety certification at the import. In this regard, this study developed & proposed an access platform and a support for the vertical tube section of the super heat as well as a variable-length platform for the horizontal tube section, satisfying the domestic certification standards. The access platform was developed to be easy to handle by the worker with a weight of about 0.069 kN, which could reduce the risk of falling accidents and workers' musculoskeletal diseases. For the variable-length platform, it is possible to cope with various changes in length between the horizontal tubes associated with the increase of rigidity in the overlapping and the elimination of the protrusion.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.831-838
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• 2004

To study on mechanical characteristics of weathered granite masses are difficult because of undisturbanced sampling and in-situ test. Generally, pressuremeter test is widely used to investigate the behavior of weathered rock masses. However, it has many problems to get a limit pressure because of cavity collapse, membrane damage, ete. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of weathered granite masses using in-situ pressuremeter test and numerical analysis depending on the ratio of length and diameter of the membrane(L/D=5, 8, 10, 15, 20). Test results and data are shown that strength parameters are reduced exponentially varing weathering degree, and numerical analysis results are approximately coincided with the test results. And the ratio of length and diameter of the membrane arc not affected the parameters such as modulus of pressuremeter, shear modulus, etc. But limit pressure is increased decreasing membrane length based on numerical analysis. On the other hand, increasing the membrane length, yield pressure is decreased and plastic radius is increased in the case of same weathering degree.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2023

In this study, spray characteristics of n-heptane and propane were investigated under different injection pressure using various imaging techniques such as Mie-scattering, DBI (diffuse back-illumination), and Schlieren imaging techniques. NI compact RIO system was used to control a test injector. Spray penetration length, length-to-width ratio and number of black pixels were calculated by using MATLAB software to compare spray characteristics of each fuel. Longer spray penetration length and higher length-to-width ratio were observed in propane spray because of flash boiling caused by high saturated vapor pressure. Spray collapse occurred in propane spray due to the high plume-to-plume interaction. Moreover, rapid evaporation occurred in propane spray, so that nozzle tip wetting could not be observed. Rapid evaporation of propane also caused fewer residual droplets compared to n-heptane spray. Therefore, propane is advantageous in reducing the generation of soot emission from large droplets that are not atomized. However, additional evaluation should be conducted considering combustion efficiency and the possibility of deposits by nozzle tip icing during fuel injection.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.675-684
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• 2010

철근콘크리트 부재는 연성파괴를 유도하기 위해서 휨인장 파괴가 선행 하도록 구조설계한다. 또한 보에서 파괴가 진행하도록 하여 기둥에는 피해가 적게 발생하도록 한다. 하지만 소성붕괴메카니즘에 의하여 소성힌지는 보의 양단부에 발생한 이후 최종적으로 최하층 기둥의 하부에도 발생한다. 철근콘크리트 구조물의 최하층 기둥은 축력이 크게 작용하고 전단경간이 비교적 작기 때문에 휨항복을 했다고 하더라도 최종적으로는 전단파괴하거나 부차파괴하여 설계보다 취성적으로 파괴 할 가능성이 있다. 이 논문에서는 휨항복 후 전단파괴하는 10개의 실험체를 통해 소성힌지 영역의 변형율과 길이 확장에 주는 요소에 대해 파악하였다. 실험결과 세 변수 중에서 축력이 가장 크게 영향을 미쳤는데 축력이 클수록 축방향 변형률과 연성비가 뚜렷하게 줄어드는 현상을 확인할 수 있었으며 소성힌지 길이는 약간 늘어났다. 실험을 통해서 산출한 소성힌지 길이는 약 0.7~1.4d였으며 이는 기존 연구자들이 제안했던 평가식과 차이를 보여주었다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-29
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• 1994

We have constructed a 3-dim hydrodynamics code called BTSPH. The fluid dynamics part of the code is based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), and for its Poisson solver the binary tree (BT) scheme is employed. We let the smoothing length in the SPH algorithm vary with space and time, so that resolution of the calculation is considerably enhanced over the version of SPH with fixed smoothing length. The binary tree scheme calculates the gravitational force at a point by collecting the monopole forces from neighboring particles and the multipole forces from aggregates of distant particles. The BTSPH is free from geometric constraints, does not rely on grids, and needs arrays of moderate size. With the code we have run the following set of test calculations: one-dim shock tube, adiabatic collapse of an isothermal cloud, small oscillation of an equilibrium polytrope of index 3/2, and tidal encounter of the polytrope and a point mass perturber. Results of the tests confirmed the code performance.