• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2021

Purpose: (i) To evaluate the biologic properties of a bi-layered 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride-cross-linked collagen membrane (CCM) in vitro. (ii) To assess the efficacy of CCM for localized bone regeneration in vivo. Materials and Methods: Biodegradation of CCM compared to a native collagen membrane (NCM) was assessed in vitro. In vivo, twelve male New Zealand White rabbits were used. Four calvarial, circular defects (diameter 8 mm) were created in each animal. The sites were randomly allocated to i) CCM+biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) (CCM-BCP group), ii) CCM alone (CCM), iii) BCP alone (BCP) and, iv) negative control (control). Animals were sacrificed at 2 (n=6) and 8 weeks (n=6). Outcome measures included: micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis (total augmented volume [TAV], new bone volume) and histomorphometry (total augmented area [TAA], newly formed bone, remaining membrane thickness [RMT]). Result: CCM was more resistant to degradation than NCM. μCT analysis showed CCM-BCP (196.43±25.30 mm³) and BCP (206.23±39.13 mm³) groups had significantly (P<0.01) larger TAV than the control (149.72±12.28 mm³) after 8 weeks. Histomorphometrically, CCM-BCP group (17.75±5.97 mm²) had significantly (P<0.01) greater TAA compared to the CCM group (7.74±2.25 mm²) and the control (8.13±1.81 mm²) after 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, RMT was reduced by 67%. Conclusion: CCM can be a favorable choice of barrier membrane when performing guided bone regeneration (GBR) in localized bone defects. CCM has better resistance to degradation than the natural collagen membrane, in vitro. In vivo, CCM provides an advantageous integration of prolonged barrier function and biocompatibility for GBR.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2007

Purpose: We investigated the effects of the combined therapy in rats with rheumatoid arthritis induced by type II collagen for 28 days, which consisted of the oral administration of the AR and EA applied to zusanli acupoint(ST36). Methods: Normal group was oral administered with 0.9% NaCl $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to normal rats. Control group was oral administered with 0.9% NaCl $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to arthritic rats. Group I was oral administered with AR 500 mg/kg $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ to arthritic rats. Group II was given 2 Hz EA of ST36 in the test group for 30 min/day to arthritic rats. Group III was oral administered with AR 500 mg/kg $0.5\;m{\ell}/day$ and 2 Hz EA of ST36 in the test group for 30 min/day to arthritic rats. We Observed effect of the histopathological changes by H&E stain of liver, kidney, knee joint and ELSIA of cytokines($TNF-{\alpha}$). Results: 1. The vacuolization of liver tissue was decreased in group I, II, III comparing with control group. 2. The glomerular sclerosis of kidney tissue was decreased in group I, II, III comparing with control group. 3. The erosion of arthritic site of knee joint tissue was decreased group I, II, III comparing with control group. In particular group III was the most effective comparing with group I, II on the histopathological view. 4. In the ELSIA test of $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration, Control group significantly increased in the concentration more than group I, II, III. The rate of increase in concentration slowed down in group III more than group I, II(p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that 500 mg/kg of AR extracts and EA have clear therapeutic effect on the rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1000-1007
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the analgesic effect of onion and acanthopanax senticosus mixture extract using the rheumatoid arthritis rat model. Rheumatoid arthritis model was made by the intradermal injection of type II collagen emulsified. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) Sham group(n=5), (2) Control group(administered DW 3 $m{\ell}$/1 day after RA induced, n=7), (3) Experimental group I(administered Onion extractor 600 mg/3 $m{\ell}$/1 day after RA induced, n=7). (4) Experimental group III(administered Onion and Acanthopanax senticosus mixture extractor 600 mg/3 $m{\ell}$/1 day after RA induced, n=7). After that, we examined the arthritic index, paw edema, pain threshold at 1st, 14th, 28th days. And also we examined histopathologic study(safranin-O green), immunohistochamical stain(COX-2) of knee joint at 28th days. Arthritic index, paw edema and pain threshold test were decrease in experimental group I, II than control group. Especially group II was most significantly inhibit effect than the other groups at 28th days. On the histopathologic view, all experimental groups were relieved and reproduced the erosion of arthritic site compared with control group. All experimental groups were COX-2 positive cells in the immunohistological stain of the knee joint were significantly decreased compared with control group. Especially group II was most significantly decreased than the other groups at 28th days. Onion and Acanthopanax senticosus mixture extractor can be used for curing rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-inflammatory effects may be somewhat better in combination of Onion and Acanthopanax senticosus.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2015

Background: Korean Red Ginseng has been used as a traditional oriental medicine to treat illness and to promote health for several thousand years in Eastern Asia. It is widely accepted that ginseng saponins, ginsenosides, are the major active ingredients responsible for Korean Red Ginseng's therapeutic activity against many kinds of illness. Although the crude saponin fraction (CSF) displayed antiplatelet activity, the molecular mechanism of its action remains to be elucidated. Methods: The platelet aggregation was induced by collagen, the ligand of integrin ${\alpha}_{II}{\beta}_I$ and glycoprotein VI. The crude saponin's effects on granule secretion [e.g., calcium ion mobilization and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release] were determined. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38 MAPK, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt was analyzed by immunoblotting. In addition, the activation of integrin ${\alpha}_{II}b{\beta}_{III}$ was examined by fluorocytometry. Results: CSF strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and ATP release in a concentration-dependent manner. It also markedly suppressed $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization in collagen-stimulated platelets. Immunoblotting assay revealed that CSF significantly suppressed ERK1/2, p38, JNK, PI3K, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, our fraction strongly inhibited the fibrinogen binding to integrin ${\alpha}_{IIb}{\beta}_3$. Conclusion: Our present data suggest that CSF may have a strong antiplatelet property and it can be considered as a candidate with therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders involving abnormal platelet function.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1831-1835
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the relationship between extracellular matrix parameters and texture of prostatic lesions evaluated by transrectal real-time tissue elastography (TRTE). Methods: 120 patients suspicious for prostate cancer underwent TRTE. Targeted biopsies were carried out after 12-core systematic biopsy. Epithelia were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and Victoria blue and Ponceau S were used to stain elastic-collagen fibers, and picric acid-sirius red for visualization of collagen type I (Col1) and III (Col3). Smooth muscles were visualized by immunohistochemistry. All image analyses were performed in a blind manner using Image Pro Plus 6.0, and the area ratios of epithelium, elastic fibers, collagen fibers and Col1/Col3 were determined. Results: 42 patients with typical elastograms were included in the final data analysis. Significant differences were detected between the benign and malignant groups in the area ratios of epithelium (P = 0.01), smooth muscles and Col1/Col3 (P = 0.04, P = 0.02, respectively). There were no significant differences in the area ratios of epithelium, smooth muscle and elastic fibers between the stiff and soft lesion groups. The area ratio of Col1 was ($0.05{\pm}0.03$) in the stiff group, and ($0.02{\pm}0.01$) in the soft group (P= 0.00). However, the area ratio of Col3 was ($0.03{\pm}0.02$) in the stiff group, and ($0.05{\pm}0.04$) in the soft group (P = 0.16). Col1/Col3 in the stiff group ($1.99{\pm}1.59$) was greater than in the soft group ($0.71{\pm}0.64$) (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Tissue hardness of prostatic tumors was mainly dependent on the Col1 content, Col1/Col3 being higher in malignant than in benign lesions, so the prostate tissue texture can be used as a target for distinguishing between the two with TRTE.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.58-70
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine the effect of egg shell membrane hydrolysates (ESMH) on wrinkle, UV, and moisture protection for cosmetic use. ESMH were fragmented as whole ESMH (before fractioning), Fraction I (> 10 kDa), Fraction II (3-10 kDa), and Fraction III (< 3 kDa). In order to test whether fractionated ESMH can be used for functional cosmetic materials, we examined not only the level of hyaluronic acid and collagen production, but also the MMP-1 activity using a HaCaT and CCD-986Sk cell line. Our study treated each sample of fractionated ESMH with different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/mL). In our in vivo research, we used hairless mice that had been exposed to UV-B to induce wrinkles for 7 wk, then applied Fraction I to the treatment group for 5 wk and then tested skin thickness, minimum erythema dose and moisture content. In addition, Fraction I was high in collagen and HA biosynthesis and it was better than TGF-${\beta}$ in improving of the skin. When TNF-${\alpha}$ caused MMP-1 activity in the CCD-986Sk cells, the whole ESMH and Fraction I proved to be effective in hindering the induction of collagenase depending on the concentration, and also showed outstanding effects in the suppression of skin aging. We found that the treatment group mice's UV-B radiation-induced skin damage was largely mitigated compared to that of the non-treatment group mice. Thus, we have concluded that EMSH helps to mitigate UV-B radiation-induced wrinkles, collagen, HA, MMP-1 activity and can be used for functional cosmetic materials.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2012

Recently, the market of skin-care device has been steadily growing up. In this paper, we tried to develop a personal compound stimulus device more competitive than existing products. As the compound stimulus, biochemical stimulus of herbal extraction fluid, thermal stimulus of plate-shaped carbon fiber heater, and optical stimulus of near infrared LED were selected. By some evaluation tests, the thermal stimulation part and the optical stimulation part were found to be developed properly. Additionally, the efficacy of the mixed stimulus of thermal and optical stimulation was tested in C2C12 mouse myoblast. Through RT-PCR analysis, it was found that, by the developed compound stimulus, the expression of collagen I mRNA and collagen III mRNA increased by 4.9 and 1.3 times respectively.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2011

Purpose: Collagen membranes are used extensively as bioabsorbable barriers in guided bone regeneration. However, collagen has different effects on tissue restoration depending on the type, structure, degree of cross-linking and chemical treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory reaction, bone formation, and degradation of dehydrothermal treated porcine type I atelocollagen (CollaGuide$^{(R)}$) compared to of the non-crosslinked porcine type I, III collagen (BioGide$^{(R)}$) and the glutaldehyde cross-linked bovine type I collagen (BioMend$^{(R)}$) in surgically created bone defects in rat mandible. Methods: Bone defect model was based upon 3 mm sized full-thickness transcortical bone defects in the mandibular ramus of Sprague-Dawley rats. The defects were covered bucolingually with CollaGuide$^{(R)}$, BioMend$^{(R)}$, or BioGide$^{(R)}$ (n=12). For control, the defects were not covered by any membrane. Lymphocyte, multinucleated giant cell infiltration, bone formation over the defect area and membrane absorption were evaluated at 4 weeks postimplantation. For comparison of the membrane effect over the bone augmentation, rats received a bone graft plus different covering of membrane. A $3{\times}4$ mm sized block graft was harvested from the mandibular angle and was laid and stabilized with a microscrew on the naturally existing curvature of mandibular inferior border. After 10 weeks postimplantation, same histologic analysis were done. Results: In the defect model at 4 weeks post-implantation, the amount of new bone formed in defects was similar for all types of membrane. Bio-Gide$^{(R)}$ membranes induced significantly greater inflammatory response and membrane resorption than other two membranes; characterized by lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. At 10 weeks postoperatively, all membranes were completely resorbed. Conclusion: Dehydrotheramal treated cross-linked collagen was safe and effective in guiding bone regeneration in alveolar ridge defects and bone augmentation in rats, similar to BioGide$^{(R)}$ and BioMend$^{(R)}$, thus, could be clinically useful.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2007

In this study, author examined the effect of the concentration of the inorganic polyphosphate on the process of the bone regeneration by using the 6 weeks old rabbit with the weight of 2.0kg in average. we performed the experiment by using TR-eITFE membrane filled with collagen immersed with 1%, 2%, and 4% of inorganic polyphosphate, respectively, after removing the proper sized cort-ical bones from the calvaria of rabbit. The experimental results were compared with the one of the following four groups: The control group for membrane only, experimental group I for membrane filled with collagen im-mersed with 1% of inorganic polyphosphate, experimental group II for membrane filled with collagen immerse with 2% of inorganic polyphosphate, experimental group III for membrane filled with colla-gen immersed with 4% of inorganic polyphosphate. The fragments of the tissue with membrane were obtained from each group of the sacrificed rab-bits for 4 or 8 weeks sustained after surgery, were then prestained and coated. New bone formation was assessed by histomorphometric and statistical analysis. We may draw the conclusions from these experiments as following: 1. Collagen was an excellent carrier with a minimal inflammatory reaction and sustaining the form. 2. The sample of the 8th week group has shown the best bone regeneration compared with the cases of all groups including the control group. 3. The samples of collagen immersed with 2% and 4% of inorganic polyphosphate have shown more bone regeneration relative to the sample of the 1% inorganic polyphosphate. 4. The new bone regeneration was shown actively in the group for membrane filled with collagen immersed with 4% of inorganic polyphosphate. With above results, it is strongly suggested the use of inorganic polyphosphate with vehicle under TR-eITFE membrane.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.47-47
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• 1996