• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 2008

The ecophysiological changes occurring upon cold stress were studied using cold tolerant transgenic and wild-type tobacco plants. In a previous study, cold tolerance in tobacco was induced by the introduction of a gene encoding the zinc finger transcription factor, PIF1. Gas-exchange measurements including net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were performed prior to, in the middle of, and after a cold-stress treatment of $1{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 96 h in each of the four seasons. In both transgenic and wild-type plants, gas-exchange parameters were severely decreased in the middle of the cold treatment, but had recovered after 2-3 h of adaptation in a greenhouse. Most t-test comparisons on gas-exchange measurements between the two plant types did not show statistical significance. Wild-type plants had slightly more water-soaked damage on the leaves than the transgenic plants. A light-response curve did not show any differences between the two plant types. However, the curve for assimilation-internal $CO_2$ in wild-type plants showed a much higher slope than that of the PIF1 transgenic plants. This means that the wild-type plant is more capable of regenerating Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and has greater electron transport capacity. In conclusion, cold-resistant transgenic tobacco plants demonstrated a better recovery of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance after cold-stress treatment compared to wild-type plants, but the ecophysiological recoveries of the transgenic plants were not statistically significant.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.385-390
• /
• 2020

It rains heavily, such as long rain and typhoons, during a typical rainy season in Korea. In this season, several fuel contamination accidents by water and vehicular problems caused by water contaminated fuel occur. Many research groups have studied the effects of water contaminated fuel on vehicles and environment. However the characteristics of water contaminated fuel have not been studied. In this study, we prepared diesel samples with a constant ratio of water (0~30 volume %) using an emulsifier. Then, we analyzed these diesel samples for their representative fuel properties. In the analytical results, diesel with 30% water showed an increase in fuel properties such as density (823→883 kg/㎥), kinematic viscosity (2.601→6.345 ㎟/s), flash point (47→56℃), pour point (-22→2℃), CFPP (cold filter plugging point) (-17→20℃) and copper corrosion number (1a→2a). The low temperature characteristics, such as low pour point and CFPP, blocks the fuel filter in the cold season. In addition, water contaminated diesel decreases lubricity (190→410 ㎛) under high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) and derived cetane number (54.81→34.25). The low lubricity of fuel causes vehicle problem such as pump and injector damage owing to severe friction. In addition, the low cetane diesel fuel increases exhaust gases such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) owing to incomplete combustion. This study can be used to identify the problems caused by water contamination to vehicle and fuel facilities.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농림기상학회 2015년도 하계 학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2015

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제33권3호통권91호
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 2000

식물플랑크톤 군집의 분포 특성에 따른 운모호의 최적 취수수심 검토를 목적으로 1998년 2월부터 10월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 식물플랑크톤 출현종은 7강, 12목, 28과, 51속의 75종, 4변종인 총 79 taxa였다. 2월부터 7월까지는 4월을 제외하고 규조강이 우점종이었으며, 8월은 갈색편모조강의 Rhodomonas sp.가 우점종이었으나 9월과 10월은 남조강의 Microcystis ichthyoblabe가 우점종이었다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 10월이 122,800 cells/mL로 가장 많았으며, 5월이 가장 적은 415 cells/mL로 나타났다. 2월부터 5월까지는 수심별 식물플랑크톤의 현존량 변화는 심하지 않았으나, 6월부터의 고수온기에는 표층수를 비롯한 표수층(表水層)의 식물플랑크톤의 양이 해수층(深水層)보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 5,000 cells/mL 이상의 현존량을 보인 수심은 6월의 경우 표층수로부터 9m의 범위이며, 9월은 6m까지, 그리고 10월은 단지 표층수에만 국한되었다. 수온과 식물플랑크톤량의 2가지 요인만을 고려한 적정 취수 수심은 전체 수심의 총 식물플랑크톤 현존량을 최소 75.4%에서 최대 98.0%까지 배제하며, 수온은 18.3${\sim}$20.0$^{\circ}C$$ 범위를 나타내는 6m의 수심이 타당할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2019

최근에는 열악한 환경에 노출되는 콘크리트 구조물의 품질 확보에 대하여 관심이 증대되고 있다. 그 중에서 낮은 외 기온 조건에서의 초기양생 불량은 콘크리트 구조물의 초기 동해 피해를 일으킬 수 있는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 겨울철 외기온 조건에서 결합재 종류 및 콘크리트 부재 두께 변화가 콘크리트의 초기동해 깊이에 미치는 영향 분석 및 초기동해 피해를 입은 구조체에 대하여 그 깊이를 명확히 판정하고자 하였다. 실험결과 초기동해피해의 경우 3성분계 혼합시멘트를 사용하고, 부재 두께가 얇을수록 초기동해 깊이가 깊고 코어 공시체의 명도 증가가 지연되었는데, 이는 초기발열량 저하로 콘크리트의 조직 이완이 용이하게 발생하여 흡수율이 증가하기 때문인 것으로 분석된다. 초기동해 깊이 판정은 24시간 침수 후 온도 $20^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 60 %전후인 실내에서 30분 전후로 건조를 시킬 경우 명도값(L) 45 이하의 짙은색과 밝은색으로 구별되는데, 짙은 색부분을 버니어캘리퍼스 등으로 측정하면 손쉽게 판단할 수 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
• /
• pp.351-354
• /
• 2005

Quality of concrete required to achieve the desired levels of strength and durability depend on the effectiveness of the curing method. During cold weather, the concrete at the time of placement should be taken to prevent damage to concrete due to freezing. Since the cement-water reaction is exothermic by nature, the temperature within mass concrete can be quite high. The temperature control for massive sections should be taken more careful than for shallow sections. However, in the constructing hydraulic structures, the curing temperature control for concrete had been very difficult to be taken in a proper way because the conditions constructing them are poor and contractors are small enterprises. For several. reasons including above, Rural Research Institute has developed a device and program for recording curing temperature history in cold weather concrete and mass. As there are two major advantages of the device, namely cheapness and availability, this program and device has been recommended to the use of curing temperature control in cold weather concrete and mass.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.64-65
• /
• 2017

The existing hot and cold water supply system have a few problems such as construct ability, damage of the building, maintenance and the unequal distribution of water supply flow. So the system has needs to be improved and the Flow Equal Distribution System(FEDS) in series connection has been innovated by Idin Lab which relieve the existing problems. Thus, the purpose of this study is aimed to show the merits of FEDS with an real example of construction site of Wirye Terrace, D builder. 1. FEDS enables builders to save construction cost as the system in series connection does not need to equip both allotters and loop piping system. 2. FEDS contains a cartridge of water saving function so it mainly reduce the unequal distribution of flow and sudden temperature deviation of hot water supply at the same time. 3. FEDS allows repairer to maintain the water supply system at the same floor that could get rid of disharmony between dwellers who live the upper/lower story of the same building. Therefore, the FEDS will be applied when the building is remodeled and constructed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
• /
• pp.1267-1272
• /
• 2000

When fresh concrete is exposed to low temperature, the concrete may suffer frost damage due to freezing at early ages and strength development may be delayed. These are problems on cold weather concrete. One of the solution methods for resolving these problems has been to reduce the freezing temperature of concrete by the use of chemical admixtures called Accelerators for freezing resistance. Therefore, in this study, we executed freezing temperature of mortar, setting and strength properties with using water reducing accelerator and accelerators for freezing resistance which are producted internationally. As a result of this experiment, the freezing temperature of mortar is lower and the setting property is promoted when the admixing content of accelerators for freezing resistance is increased. Moreover, the compressive strength of mortar used accelerators for freezing resistance represented the result which is similar with result of analysis of compressive strength increase with using logistic curve formula, but in the case of plain and using water reducing accelerator, there is no relation between logistic curve formula, maturity and compressive strength.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.268-273
• /
• 2016

An innovative safety concept for a light water reactor has been developed at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. It is a unique concept that adopts both a fast heat transfer mechanism for a small containment and a changing mechanism of the cooling geometry to take advantage of the potential, thermal, and dynamic energies of the cold water in the containment. It can bring about rapid cooling of the containment and long-term cooling of the decay heat. By virtue of this innovative concept, nuclear fuel damage events can be prevented. The ultimate heat transfer mechanism contributes to minimization of the heat exchanger size and containment volume. A small containment can ensure the underground construction, which can use river or seawater as an ultimate heat sink. The changing mechanism of the cooling geometry simplifies several safety systems and unifies diverse functions. Simplicity of the present safety system does not require any operator actions during events or accidents. Therefore, the unique safety concept of PX can realize both economic competitiveness and inherent safety.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.773-784
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 1995년부터 2016년까지 여름철(5월~8월) 내 동해 연안역에서 발생하는 용승에 대한 지수(Upwelling age, UA)를 산출하고 수온(Surface sea temperature, SST)과의 상관성을 분석하였다. 동해 연안 근처의 6개 기상청 자동기상관측장비 Automatic weather system, AWS)와 종관기상관측장비(Automated synoptic observing system, ASOS) 지점에서 관측된 바람자료를 이용하여 용승지수를 계산하였으며, 수온은 국립수산과학원에서 제공하는 연안정지 자료(Coastal oceanographic data, COD)와 실시간 수온 관측 시스템 (Real-time information system for aquaculture environment, RISA) 자료를 이용하였다. 정량적으로 UA의 값은 낮게 산출되었지만 냉수대 발생 시기에 UA가 상승하였으며 실제와 유사하게 모사해 내었다. UA-SST와의 상관분석에서 음(-)의 상관이 우세하게 나타났다. 냉수대가 극심했던 2013년 6월~8월 UA-SST 상관분석 결과, 6개 분석지점에서 -0.65~-0.89의 매우 높은 상관성을 보였으며 이는 UA가 강할수록 SST가 하강하여 강한 냉수대가 출현하였음을 증명하였다. 본 연구를 통해 동해연안역의 냉수대에 따른 용승발생 경향을 장기적으로 평가 할 수 있었으며, 용승의 크기와 강도에 따른 연안 양식어장의 피해를 최소화 하는데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.