• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2007

This purpose of this study is to announce the research for the formative characteristics and the constructive characteristics for the 23 pair of pants excavated from the tomb of Yeosan Song's family at Mokdal Dong in Daejeon. Men and women wore the open-type over the close-type pants. Song Hyo-sang and Chungjoo Park wore the 1 or 2 pairs of the open-type pants over the 3 pairs of close-type pants. Song Hee-jong and his wife Sonhung An wore a pair of the open-style pants over the 1 or 2 pairs of pants. It was due to the shortage of goods by the war that Song Heejong had less shrouds than Song Hyosang. The pants were almost made of the cotton and the silk. The open-type pants worn inside was made of the cotton but outside was made of the silk. That time the cotton was used for the unlined underwears for the health and the protection against the cold and the hot. The silk was used for the outwear. In the construction type, 12 pairs of pants were unlined, 6 pairs of pants were quilted, 4 pairs of pants were padded, and 1 pair of pants was lined. All unlined were the close-type and the quilted and padded pants were the open-type, which were worn inside. Lined type was just one. In the wearing order of shrouds, type, textile, and constructive type, Song Hyosang and Chungjo Park were similar, Song Heejong and Sonhung An were similar.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2012

The goal of this paper is to analyze the Freedom Center Apacle in Seoul designed by Kin Soo Geun who was a leading architect in Korean Modern architecture. Freedom Center was built in 1963, that was the largest monumental building to support military regime during cold war period in Korea. This paper deals with historical background of construction of Freedom Center and its characteristics compared to similar monumental buildings, especially Corbusier's Chandigar and Kenzo Tange's Hiroshima Peace Center. The Monumentality in Freedom Center came from the reference to these two buildings and its site plan. This paper tried to show how similar the layout of buildings between the Freedom Center and Peace Center. The origin of the sublime aura in Tange's linear layout of Peace Center is from Japanese Famous Shrine(Jinku). Kim translated it to serve the ideological purpose to protect from socialist regime in the name of freedom. Its over-scaled roof and weak contents showed Freedom center was a kind of theaterical setting belong to formalist building. But in spite of its symbolic and representational gesture its also had a architectonic physical quality to make it a monument. The change and duration in time testified the autonomous power of architecture in Freedom Center. Freedom Center was also important for using the exposed concrete and its superior finish. It was influenced not from western way of Benton Brut which was usually called New Brutalism but Japanese way of treating expose concrete. In spite of its limits Freedom center achieved new trend and sensibility in Korean Modern Architecture.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2001

이 글의 목적은 독일 통일 후 베를린이 연방수도로 어떤 과정을 거쳐 결정되고, 천도를 위해 어떤 작업이 진행되었으며, 그리고 천도가 갖는 지리학적 함의가 무엇인가를 고찰하는데 있다. 독일의 통일은 여러 가지 장애가 있었지만 평화적으로 이뤄졌다. 통일과 더불어 수도의 입지문제가 국가의 장래설계와 관련하여 중요한 쟁점으로 부상하였다. 의회 안팎의 격렬한 논쟁과 여론의 지대한 관심 속에 베를린 천도가 결정되었고, 지난 십 수년간 이를 꾸준히 준비해 왔으며, 1999년 9월 연방의회와 행정부의 이전으로 천도는 물리적 측면에서 일단 종결되었다. 하지만 천도에 따른 정치적, 경제적, 사회 심리적인 영향은 적지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 앞으로도 계속될 전망이다. 천도가 좁게는 동서베를린과 동서독간의 대립과 갈등을 극복하고 국민적 일체성을 이끌어내야 하는 실천적 노력을 의미하지만, 보다 넓게는 21세기 유럽의 역학관계에 있어 독일의 지정 지경학적 전략과도 밀접히 연계되어 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1993

환동해(일본해)권는 EC등과 같이 정치 ·경제 문화적인 면으로 하나의 이념하에서 형성된 권역은 아니다. 현재, 특히 냉전후, 5본은 대중제국과 지방 자치체나 민간의 레벨에서, 우의적인 면에서 경제적인 면으로 교류가 넓어지고 있다. 앞으로 국제적인 경제론 중으로 한 권역을 형성하기 위해서는 그 골격이 될 국제교류네트워크와 교통기관별 교통체계의 확립과 정비의 추진이 불가피한 것이다. 이를 위해서는 각국의 국토계획 지역계획의 수정이 기본이 되고, 기술적으로는 국제해협등의 해양토목기술에 관한 연구와 관발, 그리고 고속도로와 고속철도의 구축기술의 연구와 자동차 ·전차등의 차량개발이 중요한 과제가 된다. 이번에는 이들의 교통체계와 교통시스템의 꿈에 대하여 기술자의 눈으로 본 방책등을 제기 한다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제20호
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• pp.199-228
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• 2009

1990년대 초 이후 탈냉전 시기에 들어서면서 다양한 안보위험 요소가 등장함에 따라 국가안보의 개념이 전통적인 군사력 위주에서 경제력으로 옮겨 갔다. 국가안보 개념의 변화로 각국은 국가이익 확보를 위하여 외국에 대한 경제정보 산업정보활동에 주력하게 되면서, 이에 대응하기 위한 산업기술보호 활동도 국가안보차원에서 수행하게 되었다. 미국 등 주요 선진국들은 "경제스파이처벌법"등을 제정 시행하는 등 자국의 첨단산업 기밀을 보호하기 위하여 강력한 보호 정책을 추진하고 있다. 우리나라는 IT, 조선, 철강, 자동차 등의 분야에서 세계적 수준에 도달하였고 매년 막대한 자금을 첨단기술의 및 개발에 투자하고 있으나 지금까지 체계적인 산업보안활동이 전개되지 못한 실정이다. 하지만 이러한 산업보안은 특성상 공적인 사법기관의 독자적인으로는 수사를 하는데 많은 어려움을 겪는 것이 사실이다. 따라서 민간조사원이 은밀하게 기업사건에 개입하여 증거를 수집하고 정보를 입수하여 위험성을 사전에 확인하고 조치 예방하는 것이 효과적일 것이다. 신속하게 처리해야 하는 범죄를 조사하는데 효과적인 민간조사제도를 국가의 공적인 사법기관이 개입하기 곤란한 산업스파이와 같은 기업범죄 등에 활용함으로서 기업 뿐만 아니라 국가, 나아가 국민의 경제의 손실을 예방할 수 있는 제도가 될 수 있을 것이다. 여기서는 이러한 점을 인식하고 민간조사원(탐정)을 활용한 산업 스파이 대응방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.209-235
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• 2006

Since the end of the cold war, technical tie-up between private corporations and an army in developed countries has increased a lot, and the trend is spreading through developing countries rapidly. To cope with the circumstance actively, the dual use technology program for both private corporations and an army was begun in Korea in 1998. With the program, overlapping investment was resolved and technology transfer was stimulated. And the standardization and information exchange saved considerable national budget and made possible economic profit. Yet, the combination project of 4 ministries and offices showed problems such as loose cooperation and, low industralization record. However, developed countries are out of the mere stage of dual technology development and turn into broad technical tie-up including future prediction, national competitiveness improvement, and the private company's leading participation and they are systemizing them very fast. Korea also set up the national defense reform plan with the blueprint of future military force improvement, budget increase for national defense research, and increased participation of private corporations, and created Defense Acquisition program Administration to support them. The innovation of national defense system brings forward the need to link the private and military innovation. Korea has pursued the fast growth through assimilation, absorption, and improvement of foreign technology. But now, Korea has to focus on self innovation, original technology, parts and material. As this applies to private companies and military equally, it is important to concentrate limited resources for the effective technology cooperation. Considering this, the strategies to activate the dual use technology are program concept and range extension, task-deduction way improvement and future-oriented common task deduction, and promotion system improvement.

• 한국기술사회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술사회 1992년도 제22회 한일기술사 합동 Symposium자료
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• pp.143-150
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• 1992

환일본해(동해)권는 EC등과 같이 정치ㆍ경제 문화적인 면으로 하나의 이념하에서 형성된 권역은 아니다. 현재, 특히 냉전 후, 일본은 대안제국과 지방자치체나 민간의 레벨에서, 우의적인 면에서 경제적인 면으로 교류가 넓어지고 있다. 앞으로 국제적인 경제를 중심으로 한 권역을 형성하기 위해서는 그 골격이 될 국제교류네트워크와 교통기관별 교통체계의 확립과 정비의 추진이 불가피한 것이다. 이를 위해서는 각국의 국토계획ㆍ지역계획의 수정이 기본이 되고, 기술적으로는 국제해협등의 해양토목기술에 관한 연구와 개발, 그리고 고속도로와 고속철도의 구축기술이 연구와 자동차ㆍ전차등의 차량개발이 중요한 과제가 된다. 이번에는 이들의 교통체계와 교통시스템의 꿈에 대하여 기술자의 눈으로 본 방책등을 제기한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

As a result of reviewing various documents and existing researches, since the late Goryeo period, the most active period in the Ondol(溫突, Korean floor heating system) facilities is the 17th century. The phenomenological reason was recovering the buildings destroyed by the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592(壬辰倭亂) & the Manchu War of 1636(丙子胡亂), but the underlying cause was an abnormal climate in which a pair of summer and winter cold continued. In the 17th century, as the Ondol facilities grew rapidly without distinction between regions and classes, the supply and demand of fuel caused economic and natural environmental problems. And a negative and positive view on Ondol was suggested. Since the middle of the 18th century, when the demand and supply of Ondol reached its peak, which could no longer increase, a new awareness of Ondol began to grow. The room was called the Panbang(板房) and the Ondol, depending on the material that made up the floor. It was considered natural to have the Ondol from this time on. The Incan(因間) and Jo(竈) that were made to burn were started to be recorded as a kitchen, regardless of size and function. Changes in social awareness of Ondol have led to concerns about heating efficiency. A variety of architectural explorations were conducted. Such a search was later realized in concrete architectural form. There is a double Ondoll structure, and the column spacing is reduced compared to the previous one. The heat buffer space is formed around the Ondol room, and the double window can control the light and the air going in and out.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Angola has a coastline of about 1,650 km long. Two diverging current namely, the Angola current with its warm water from the north and the cold Benguella Current in the south create a strong up-welling with a high productive ecosystem for marine resources. The area from Lobito to the mouth of the Cunene River, also known as the Southern fishing zone is by far the most productive of Angola's fishing zones. In 1977, the total potential of its marine fisheries sector was estimated at more than 700,000 tonnes per annum. In 2003, the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) established for demersal species was 57,600 tonnes and 160,000 tonnes for pelagic species. The most important resources are various marine demersal and pelagic fish including pilchard and the Cape and Cunene horse Mackerel (Tranchurus capensis and T. trecae). Sardinellas (Sardinella aurita and S. maderensis) are fished in parallel with horse mackerel. The rest of the catches are mainly demersal spp. and some deep water crustaceans. The demersal sppecies consist of Hake (Merluccius polli and M. capensis) and the large eye dentex spp. Tunas are caught at certain times of the year whilst some marine shrimp are also harvested from the Angolan waters. Angola also has several high value freshwater fish species, exploited by about 255 fishers. Tilapia sp. is among the most important and abundant fresh water fish found in Angola. Other species include the catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and fresh water prawns (Macrobrachuin rosenbergii). Some aquaculture ponds have been established in the country side, but due to lack of investment, proper training and the impact of civil war have seriously limited developments in the sub sector.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.113-148
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• 2010

This paper examines the American role in shaping South Korean nation-building during the early Cold War by considering how the United States attempted to form South Korea's education and how Koreans responded to these efforts. It looks at education as an arena where "American" ideas such as democracy and liberalism were received, transformed, and utilized by Koreans. This study pays particular attention to the gap between American intentions and Korean expectations, as well as to the competition between American and Japanese systems, which explains the contradictory role America played in South Korean nation-building. In order to better assess the role of the United States in shaping South Korean education, this article considers the complex dynamics between the Japanese legacies, American influence, and Korean actors. Americans had exerted a great effect on Korean education since the beginning of their relationship. American missionaries, U.S. military government, and educational mission teams had all contributed to the expansion of educational opportunities for Koreans. Through the educational institutions that they established or helped establish, Americans tried to spread "their" ideas. In this process, Americans had to struggle with two obstacles: Korean nationalism and the legacies of Japanese colonialism. Many Koreans used American missionary schools for their own purposes and resisted U.S. military government's policies which ignored their desire for self-determination. American education missions had limited effect on Korean education due to the heterogeneous Japanese system that was still influencing South Korea even after liberation. The ways in which Americans have influenced the democratization of South Korea have not been simple. Although "American" democratic ideas reached Koreans through various routes, Koreans understood the "American" idea within their own historical context and in a way that fit their existing socio-political relations. Oftentimes suspicious of "American" democracy, Koreans developed their own concept of democracy. The overall American influence on Korean democratization, as well as on Korean education, was important but limited. While Americans helped Koreans build educational infrastructure and tried to transfer democratic ideas through it, Koreans actors and Japanese colonial legacies limited its impact.