• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.90-99
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to examine influence of cognitive function, disease severity and disability on ability to perform activity of daily living (ADL) after ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 88 patients with ischemic stroke were recruited from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 and assessed with the standardized cognitive test battery and self-reports about disease severity, disability, and ADL. To analyze the data, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were conducted using SPSS/WIN program. Results: Significant correlations were found between ADL and visuospatial function, visual memory, executive function, and disability (r=.29~.38). Executive function and disability explained 17.3% of total variability in ADL performance after ischemic stroke. Conclusion: Executive function may be a promising target for cognitive rehabilitation after ischemic stroke. Thus, effective therapeutic interventions such as cognitive training for stroke patients should be considered to improve their ability to perform ADL.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to test structural equation modeling of health-related quality of life (QOL) of men with obstructive sleep apnea in order to identify parameters affecting QOL and provide guidelines for interventions and strategies to improve QOL in these patients. Methods: Model construction was based on 'The conceptual model of patient outcome in health-related QOL' by Wilson and Cleary, using the variables; age, physiological factors, social support, cognitive appraisal, symptoms and QOL. Participants were 201 adult male patients recruited at a tertiary university hospital in Seoul. Data were collected via questionnaires, polysomnography, and clinical records. Results: Age and symptoms directly influenced QOL. Social support and cognitive appraisal about sleep did not have a direct influence on QOL, but indirectly affected it via symptoms. QOL was lower in patients who were younger and had more severe symptoms. Symptoms were more severe for patients with lower social support and more dysfunctional cognitive appraisal. When social support was lower, cognitive appraisal was more dysfunctional. Conclusion: These results suggest it is necessary to not only manage symptoms, but also apply interventions to increase social support and cognitive appraisal about sleep in order to increase QOL in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to confirm the influence of memory intensive training program on the elderly people's cognitive function, memory performance, and self-esteem. Method: Using a quasi-experimental or experimental design, 60 elderly aged over 60 years randomly assigned the experimental and control groups completed pretest-post evaluation. The experimental group participated in the memory intensive training program was offered to the participants in the experimental group for three weeks (2times/week). The t-test and $X^2$-test using SAS program. Results: 1) The cognitive function was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to that in the control group (t=3.26, p=.002). 2) The memory performance that included immediate word recall tasks, word recognition tasks and delayed word recall tasks was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=5.30, p<.001). The experimental group showed significantly higher scores for memory performance than the control group (t=5.30, p<.001). 3) The self-esteem was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (t=1.94, p=.058). Conclusion: The Memory Intensive Training Program could be an effective intervention for improving cognitive function, and memory performance of the elderly people.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Objectives : As the number of patient with dementia increases, interest in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is a pre-dementia stage, has been expanding. In this study, we investigated the effects from selected clinical research articles to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions. Methods : We searched MCI related articles on MEDLINE and the Web of Science using keywords related to MCI. We selected 26 articles, and 13 evaluated efficiency using the Jadad score. Results : Physical exercise and cognitive remediation techniques were effective for improving MCI. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, taichi, and music belonged to "perhaps" effectiveness group. Many of the 13 articles that evaluated MCI using the Jadad score evaluated them as "good" or "poor", and only three articles evaluated MCI as "excellent". Conclusions : The present evidence suggests that cognitive remediation techniques to improve memory and physical exercise were effective for people with MCI. However, further studies are needed to identify the physical exercise effects.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that administration of the air with 30% oxygen compared with normal air (21% oxygen) enhances cognitive functioning through increased activation in the brain. Seventeen college students (right­handed, average age of 24.3) were selected as subjects for this study. An oxygen supply equipment that provides 21% and 30% oxygen at a constant rate of 8L/min was developed. In order to measure the performance level of visuospatial and verbal cognition, two psychological tests were developed. The experiment consisted of two runs, one for cognition task with normal air (21% oxygen) and the other for cognition task with hyperoxic air (30% oxygen). Visuospatial and verbal tasks were presented while brain images were scanned by a 3T fMRI system using the single-shot EPI method. The results showed that there was an improvement in performance and also increased activation in several brain areas in the higher oxygen condition. These results suggest that while performing cognitive tasks, high concentrations of oxygen administration make oxygen administration sufficient, thus making neural network activate more, and the ability to perform cognitive tasks increase.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.370-379
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between gambling severity and cognitive distortion in Koreans with a gambling disorder. Methods: Secondary data from a comprehensive assessment of problematic gambling between 2015 and 2017 on Korea Center on Gambling Problems were used. The subjects in this study were 254 Koreans with that gambling disorder. Data were collected with self-report structured questionnaires which included individual characteristics, the Korean version of Problem Gambling Severity Index, the Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression, and the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with the $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and a mediation analysis of the Baron and Kenny method with the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Significant correlations emerged among the three variables, gambling severity, depression, and cognitive distortion. Depression exerted a partial mediating effect (${\beta}=.20$, p<.001) on the relationship between gambling severity and cognitive distortion (Sobel test: z=2.33, p=.012). Conclusion: Based on this study's findings, nursing intervention programs focused on managing gambling severity and decreasing depression are highly recommended to alleviate cognitive distortion in people with a gambling disorder.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1079-1089
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• 2021

The development of information technology has promoted organizational transformation through the utilization of an electronic information system. This research aimed to identify factors that influence continuous intention to use E-HRM. This empirical research applies the Technology Acceptance Model and Cognitive Model for identifying significantly impacted areas of continuous intention to use E-HRM in a highly dynamic environment. The data were collected using questionnaires delivered directly to respondents. The sample was 100 employees of ESQ Group selected through random sampling. The variables used were subjective norms (X1), perceived behavioral control (X2), perceived innovativeness (Y1), cognitive absorption (Y2), satisfaction (Y3), and continuous intention to use E-HRM (Y4). Statistical analysis using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Smart PLS was applied. The results revealed that behavioral control (X2) did not influence the continuous intention to use E-HRM (Y4) and that cognitive absorption (Y2) and satisfaction (Y3) did not significantly influence continuous intention to use E-HRM (Y4). Subjective norms (X1) significantly influenced both perceived innovativeness (Y1) and continuous intention to use E-HRM (Y4), perceived behavioral control (X2) significantly influenced both perceived innovativeness (Y1) and cognitive absorption (Y2), and perceived innovativeness (Y1) significantly influenced both satisfaction (Y3) and continuous intention to use E-HRM (Y4).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.347-362
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• 2021

Purpose: This study developed a cognitive behavioral therapy program aimed at altering the physical condition, emotions, and behaviors of fibromyalgia patients, and confirmed the program's clinical applicability. The program was developed by analyzing previous studies conducting in-depth interviews with fibromyalgia patients, drawing on cognitive behavior theory to establish the program contents, recruiting experts to test its validity, and conducting a preliminary survey. Methods: To confirm the program's effect, this study used a randomized controlled trial design. The participants were outpatients diagnosed with fibromyalgia in Dong-A University Hospital, Busan. The 30 patients in the experimental group took part in the program, which comprised 8 sessions (90 to 120 minutes) based on cognitive behavior theory, delivered over 8 weeks. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in positive automatic thoughts, pain, fatigue, depression, and interpersonal relationships. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of sleep disorders and negative automatic thoughts. Conclusion: This program is a positive effect on physical condition, emotions, and behaviors. It is thus expected to be used to help fibromyalgia patients improve their disease conditions.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.413-428
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of digital literacy and the frequency of contact with children or grandchildren via ICT on cognitive functions of 8,942 adults over age 65 who responded to the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans, using multiple regression analysis. We found that digital literacy was the most significant factor on cognitive functions of the elderly. Also, the frequency of contact with grandchildren via ICT was a positive factor for cognitive function and had a positive correlation with digital literacy. Based on this results, the importance of digital literacy education and intergenerational communication via ICT were discussed.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.253-271
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of generative concept maps according to learning achievements and cognitive load. A total of 78 students in the first grade of middle school participated in this study. Before the experimental treatment was implemented, students had to fill out a questionnaire assessing prior knowledge. The study was designed where all the students were presented the same learning contents regarding photosynthesis; however, the two experimental groups were provided with different concept map methods: a learner-generative concept map (GCM) and an instructor-provided concept map (PCM). GCM students were asked to make a concept map by themselves in small groups while they are reading material. PCM students were instructed to study in small groups in order to read the material; however, they were provided a concept map developed by their teacher. The control group (CG) had the teacher present the learning contents in traditional lecture format with no accompanying concept map. The results show that there were significant differences in the achievements among the groups. CG showed higher achievement than both the experimental groups. There was also a significant difference in cognitive load. Although the GCM group did not obtain higher achievement than the other groups, the GCM group showed higher mental effort and lower physical fatigue than the other groups. The GCM group might have invested more effort to find and connect ideas when drawing their concept map with peers which is unlike the conditions for the PCM group and CG. In conclusion, we should consider applying GCM in teaching and learning design in order to increase learning achievement and decrease extraneous cognitive load.