• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2022

Objective: This study was to compares and analyzes programs applied to improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia in the community to find out their effectiveness. Methods: In this study, 12 papers were finalized by searching for "elderly", "cognitive", "community", and "program" using the database of the Research Information System (RISS), National Assembly Library, and Korean Studies Information (KISS). Results: Programs for cognitive function were in the order of cognitive stimulation program, arts and crafts, and exercise program. In the program, rather than applying the cognitive stimulation program alone, the program was operated by combining leisure or exercise, music, art, and handicraft. The time was shown to be 30 minutes. The most frequently used evaluation tool was MMSE, followed by GDS and BBS. By cognitive domain, cognitive stimulation program and memory, satisfaction in psychology, and balance ability in exercise were evaluated the most. In the cognitive area, various cognitive stimulation areas were included, and in the exercise area, basic exercise, muscle strength exercise, joint exercise, and balance exercise were applied. Conclusion: Therefore, developing a program to improve cognitive function for mild cognitive impairment, it will be possible to prepare guidelines to establish and development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.155-161
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of a head-mounted display (HMD) based virtual reality (VR) cognitive rehabilitation program on the cognitive ability and activities of daily living in patients with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: This study enrolled 5 mild cognitive impairment patients at the G welfare center in Gwangju metropolitan city. Patients were examined using the MMSEDS (Mini mental state examination-dementia screening). The VR cognitive rehabilitation program was applied twice a week for four weeks. The functional independence measure (FIM) and Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment-geriatric population (LOTCA-G) were compared before and after applying the VR cognitive rehabilitation program. RESULTS: Subsequent of application of the VR cognitive rehabilitation program, significant increase was observed in the LOTCA-G score. The FIM score was also perceived to increase, after the intervention, but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Application of the VR cognitive rehabilitation program as a therapy is effective in improving the visual perception, and upper extremity executive ability, especially orientation, thinking organization, attention, and concentration.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Objectives Non-major depression with fewer symptoms than required for a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has consistently been found to be associated with functional impairment. In this study, we aim to estimate the cognitive impairment and the quality of life in elderly patients with subsyndromal depression (SSD) compared with non-depressive elderly (NDE). Methods The Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was administered to 194 outpatients with depression and 108 normal controls. SSD is defined as having five or more current depressive symptoms with core depressive symptoms (depressive mood or loss of interest or pleasure) during more than half a day and more than seven days over two weeks. Depression was evaluated by the Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale of a 15-item short version. Global cognition was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of CERAD assessment packet (MMSE-KC). Subjective cognitive impairment was assessed by the Subjective Memory Complaint Questionnaire. Quality of life was evaluated by the Korean Version of Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey. Results The mean score of the MMSE-KC in the SSD group was lower than that in the NDE group with adjustment for age, gender, and education [F = 4.270, p = 0.04, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)]. If we defined those having Z-score of MMSE-KC < -1.5 as a high risk group of cognitive impairment, the odds ratio for the high risk group of cognitive impairment was 1.86 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.04-3.34] in SSD and 7.57 (95% CI 3.50-16.40) in MDD compared to NDE. The scores of physical component summary (F = 9.274, p = 0.003, ANCOVA) and mental component summary (F = 53.166, p < 0.001, ANCOVA) in the SSD group were lower than those in the NDE group with adjustment for age, gender, and education. Conclusions The subjects with SSD, as well as those with MDD, showed impairment of global cognition and also experienced low quality of life in both physical and mental aspects, compared to the NDE group.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

Attention is being paid to diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) because early diagnosis and preventive management can slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In particular, in the present era, the use of biomarkers for predicting conversion into dementia is permitted in medical practice. Therefore, authors aimed to propose additional considerations when updating guidelines for the management of MCI, including predictable biomarkers, revising treatment option after additional clinical trials for cholinesterase inhibitors, and detailed regimes for lifestyle interventions. After reviewing 3 patients with MCI by detailed evaluation, we realized that cholinesterase inhibitors were not recommended. In addition, regular exercise and cognitive training were only possible recommendations for patients according to current guidelines, although all 3 patients had evidence of β-amyloid accumulation and related neurodegeneration. Furthermore, caregivers for all 3 patients were worried whether patients could keep doing regular exercise and cognitive training by themselves and asked about the economic training system which monitors patients so that they can keep training. Therefore, we propose that guidelines for managing MCI need to be updated in the present era when the use of biomarkers for predicting conversion into dementia is permitted in medical practice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.741-750
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, and the state of mental health for elderly Korean people who have been institutionalized. Methods: A cross-sectional, nationwide survey was performed using an anonymous questionnaire. The participants in this study were 2,521 institutionalized elderly Korean people. A proportional stratified random sampling method was employed. Results: 1) Elders admitted to subacute hospitals and long term care (LTC) facilities showed a higher level of cognitive impairment compared to elders admitted to acute care hospitals. 2) Elders confined in LTC facilities showed a higher level of behavioral problems compared to elders in acute or subacute hospitals. 3) Elders admitted to subacute hospitals and LTC facilities showed more serious mental health problems, such as depression or suicidal ideation, compared to elders in acute care hospitals. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the severity of cognitive-behavioral or mental health problems do not match well with type of care setting. Therefore, health personnel working with elderly people should be provided guidance on detection and management of cognitive-behavioral and mental health problems. The necessity of a decision support system for eligibility and placement in long-term care is also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.492-500
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of a dual-task virtual reality program on the cognitive function and EEG for patients with mild cognitive impairment. A dual-task virtual reality program was performed in the experimental groups while conventional occupational therapy was carried out in the control group for 30 minutes per session, which was done five days per week for 6 weeks. The results were as follows. First, the memory of the cognitive function and balance was improved significantly in the experimental group with the dual-task virtual reality program compared to the control group with the traditional occupational therapy. Second, EEG was also increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of this study suggest that the dual-task virtual reality program was an effective treatment method for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and would be a cornerstone of basic data that will be helpful to those suffering from a range of diseases.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.39-49
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to systematic review about randomized controlled trials the characteristics and effect of non-pharmacological intervention on depressive symptom in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. We searched studies published from January 2011 to July 2021 in 3 databases. A total 1,455 studies were found and included 11 studies in final analysis. Methodological quality was assessment with the Cochrane's RoB(risk of bias) tool. Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) was the most used as the assessment tool for identifying the depressive symptom. Intervention were yoga, psychosocial intervention, cognitive training, health education, multi-component intervention, game training, aerobic/pulmonary physiotherapy, art therapy, music reminiscence activity, memory specificity training, cognitive stimulation therapy and SWTW(sleep well, think well) program. Among the intervention programs, yoga, multi-component intervention and game training were effective in improving depressive symptom. This study provided a clinical evidence for planning and implementing intervention on depressive symptom in elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.295-303
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out whether the cognitive function, depression, and health promotion lifestyle changes are maintained or improved through the dementia prevention program when applying the dementia prevention program along with the daily life management program to the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. The study was conducted from April 1 to August 9, 2019, and 30 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment who participated in the dementia prevention program at the Dementia Safty Center in Seoul were studied. The study found that cognitive function (MMSE-DS) and health promotion lifestyle (HPLP-II) were maintained and improved compared to control groups in the experimental group that voluntarily implemented daily life management programs along with dementia prevention programs, and that depression (SF-GDS) decreased. Therefore, based on the results of this study, in future studies, we hope to develop a variety of voluntary daily life management programs to maintain and improve the effectiveness of the dementia prevention program for a long period of time. I hope that the prospective study will be done.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.403-413
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• 2022

Evidence regarding the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract on cognitive function has been contentious. This study evaluated the effective period of G. biloba intake to improve cognition in the elderly. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PsycArticles databases were searched for short-listing relevant studies. Twenty-five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Cognitive efficacy was assessed based on the duration of intervention. G. biloba intake for 3-6 months statistically significantly affected cognitive function (SMD= -0.21; 95% CI -0.39, -0.03; p=0.02). However, the improvement in activities of daily living (ADLs) was not statistically significant. Thus, G. biloba intake for more than three months improves cognition in the elderly people with cognitive impairment and AD dementia without any safety risk. Intake for up to six months does not improve ADLs significantly in mild to moderate dementia patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2003

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly people, aged 65 or above, residing in Busan Metropolitan City. Methods : Total of 1,101 old people, aged 65 or above, living in Busan as of December 31, 2001 were selected using stratified three-stage cluster sampling. Cognitive impairment was determined from the MMSE-K score, and dementia confirmed from five psychometric measures and the Barthel index. The crude prevalence, sex-age adjusted for the Korean population, were obtained. Results : With the cut-off point for cognitive impairment was set at 24 points, or below, on the MMSE-K scale, the crude rate of cognitive impairment was 29.3% (15.7% for men and 37.5% for women), and the sex-age adjusted prevalence was 30.5% (17.5% for men and 37.0% for women). When the cut-off point for cognitive impairment was set at 20 points, or below, on the MMSE-K scale, the crude rate of cognitive impairments were 10.0% (4.1% for men and 13.5% for women), and 10.6% (4.7% for men and 13.1% for women), respectively. The crude dementia, and the sex-age adjusted rates were 7.4% (2.4% for men and 10.5% for women), and 8.0% (2.7% for men and 10.0% for women), respectively. Conclusions : The prevalence of dementia in this study was somewhat lower than that reported by other domestic and foreign studies. Our results related to the difference in time and space, diagnostic tools, response rates, and distribution of male and female subjects, etc.