• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.3789-3809
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• 2014

Radio environment maps (REMs) and geolocation database represent an important source of information for the operation of cognitive radio networks, replacing or complementing spectrum sensing information. This paper provides a survey of methods for constructing the radio frequency layer of radio environment map (RF-REM) using distributed measurements of the signal levels at a given frequency in space and time. The signal level measurements can be obtained from fixed or mobile devices capable of sensing radio environment and sending this information to the REM. The signal measurements are complemented with information already stored in different REM content layers. The combined information is applied for estimation of the RF-REM layer. The RF-REM construction methods are compared, and their advantages and disadvantages with respect to the spatial distribution of signal measurements and computational complexity is given. This survey also indicates possible directions of further research in indirect RF-REM construction methods. It emphasizes that accurate RF-REM construction methods should in the best case support operation with random and clustered signal measurements, their operation should not be affected by measurements outliers, and it must estimate signal levels comparably on all RF-REM locations with moderate computational effort.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze general characteristics and empathy factors of nursing student's major satisfaction. Participants in this study were 235 students from both located in J do and C do Universities. The research method was a cross-sectional survey and the survey period was from September 1 to 10, 2017. The questionnaire was used to investigate general characteristics, empathy, and major satisfaction. The analysis was based on frequency analysis, p value of t or F value, Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. The result of this study were as follows: (1) The C University showed higher satisfaction than J University(3.44), (2) the factors affecting major satisfaction were school location, grade, religion, cognitive empathy, and emotional empathy correlated, Regression analysis was used to examine factors that correlated with major satisfaction, followed by hierarchical regression analysis to identify the most influential factors. (3) The result of the analysis showed that the greatest influence factors on major satisfaction were the University location(${\beta}=.325$, p<.01), the cognitive empathy (${\beta}=.287$, p<.01), and the next order was negative grade(${\beta}=-.230$, p<.01). Based on the results of this stud, the following conclusions can be drawn. The most influential factor in the major satisfaction was the school location, but this was an irreversible factor. Therefore, if the cognitive empathy factor and grades are corrected, it can be said that it can increase the satisfaction of major in nursing University students. In this study, it was emphasized that cognitive empathy contained in the course of nursing education program and suggested guidance on major satisfaction in lower grades.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 1983

A survey was undertaken to investigate relationship between nutritional status and physical growth and behavior of school children. Dietary intakes, environmental factors, physical growth, personality, and cognitive development were measured in 323 children of 4 th and 6th grader in the urban and rural arcas. The results are summarized as follows : 1) The average intakes of the food groups and nutrients except ascorbic acid were lower in rural children. Comparing the intakes of the rural children with RDA of the Korean children, 64.0% of them in protein, 99.3% in calcium, 84.6% in iron, and 73.5% in riboflavin consumed less than 75% of RDA. Environmental factors were significantly related to the nutrient intakes 2) Height, weight, and head circumference were significantly related to the nutrient intakes. Retarded growth due to malnutrition was supposed in the $rural^{1)}$ area. 3) Some domains of personality were significantly related to nutrient intakes. 4) Environmental factors, physical growth, and nutrient intakes made independent contribution to variation in cognitive performance and their relative importance depended on the particular cognitive domain when stepwise multiple regression analyses were undertaken. Environmental stimulation was largely associated with verbal usage, and economic status and nutrient intakes with numerical reasoning. Above findings support that nutritional deprivation retards brain growth and performance on various cognitive dimensions of children. Therefore, amelioration of the several adverse social, economical, environmental influences as well as the improvement of dietary intake is required to bring about a substantial enhancement of the physical growth and the mental development of children.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.599-605
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• 2016

This paper was to explore the effect of spouse support and cognitive strategy for emotional regulation on retirement anxiety of middle aged men. The survey was carried out with middle aged employed men worked in 5 major cities. 313 copies of questionnaires were used in the survey except the ones insufficient respond. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation and Multiple Regression. As a result, Main results of this study could be presented as follows. Spouse support was the significant predictor to explain retirement anxiety of middle aged men, but cognitive strategy for emotional regulation didn't have the effectiveness to retirement anxiety of middle aged men. In conclusion, to alleviate retirement anxiety of middle aged men, in conjugal relations spouse support need to be strengthened.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

Purpose: Korean society has already entered an aged society but there aren't many evidence-based studies on the elderly-friendly design elements in the apartment environment, which is the main residential type in Korea. The main purpose of this study is to verify the necessity and expandability of the outdoor environment design in the public rental apartment complex through the evaluation of the effectiveness and satisfaction of SMG(Seoul Metropolitan Government) Cognitive Health Design Project in GR 1 apartment complex. Methods: The research subjects were GR 1-complex as experimental group and the nearby Wolgye Deer 1-complex as control group, both public rental apartment and located in Seoul. As a research method, the survey was conducted before and after the implementation of SMG project for residents of the apartment. A total of 200 preliminary surveys and 203 post surveys were conducted. Results: As a result of this study, residents' accidents related safety have decreased, and both the frequency of use and satisfaction of most facilities have increased. It is noteworthy that the increase in cognitive items in the post-survey. Also, 74.5% of the residents evaluated that the complex was better to live after the project was implement. Implications: The fact that the preliminary surveys were not conducted for the same person is considered as the limitation of the study, but it is meaningful in that it systematically assesses the effectiveness of the project on the cognitive health of the outdoor residential environment towards age-friendly city.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.142-153
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• 2023

Background: Cognitive impairment has been reported to be closely associated with poor oral health, and the relationship is bidirectional, as older adults with poor oral health and chewing function are at a higher risk of cognitive decline (CD). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether masticatory discomfort in Korean elderly increases the risk of daily living difficulty (DLD) related to CD and whether there is a difference in risk according to gender and age. Methods: The data used were obtained from the Korean Community Health Survey (2019). The final analysis included 22,154 people aged 65 years and older who completed the survey and responded to all items on the variables used in the study. Chi-square test, trend test, and complex sample logistic regression were performed for statistical analysis, to clarify the purpose of this study. Results: As masticatory discomfort increased, the elderly's DLD tended to increase (p-for trend, p<0.001). For logistic regression, adjusting for all covariates, participants who reported masticatory discomfort as "discomfort" (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.11~3.50) and "severe discomfort" (AOR=2.95, 95% CI=2.49~3.50) had a more than a two-fold increased risk of CD-related DLD compared to participants who reported "no discomfort at all." In age-stratified analyses, elderly men aged 75~84 years and elderly women aged 65~74 years had the highest risk of developing CD-related DLD. Conclusion: Oral care interventions to improve masticatory function in older adults may slow CD and improve CD-related DLD. We hope that this study will raise awareness among caregivers and clinical professionals regarding the importance of oral care for older adults with CD.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.389-404
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• 2019

The present study aims to examine the relationship between self-reported sensory impairment and cognitive function among older adults in Korea. Drawn from the 2017 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs Korean Older Persons, a total of 10,082 adults aged 65 and over were included in analyses. Results from hierarchial multiple regression analysis show that those who reported greater subjective discomfort about vision, hearing, and oral function were more likely to have poor cognitive function. Results from hierarchial logistic regression analysis show. Results from logistic regression analysis show that having hearing and oral discomfort increased the a risk for dementia. Findings suggest that it is necessary to manage sensory function of the elderly at the government level and to develop self-evaluation tools to monitor changes in sensory function for older adults. Future research should target finding effective ways to improve health of older adults.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.491-502
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• 2020

This study was aimed to verify moderated mediation effect between cognitive-flexibility and subjective economic status in the process that aging anxiety have an effect on psychological well-being. For this, online survey was conducted to 317(M:159, F:158) adults who ranged from 40 to 64 years old. Survey was conducted from 2017.9.3. to 9.28. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and significant test was done through SPSS 21.0 and SPSS Macro. First, the analysis showed that meaningful correlation was found among aging anxiety, cognitive flexibility, subjective economic status and psychological well-being. Secondly, cognitive flexibility was found to have meaningful partial mediation effect(β = .530, p < .001) in the relationship between aging anxiety and psychological well-being. Thirdly, subjective economic status was found to have a meaningful moderation effect(β = .080, 𝜟R²=.006, p <.05) in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being. Fourthly, verification result by SPSS Macro showed that, mediation effect of cognitive flexibility and subjective economic status was existent in the relationship of aging anxiety and psychological well-being. Lastly, implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.457-466
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• 2021

This study sought to identify the effectiveness of training programs by developing mobile app-based training programs to enhance memory, attention, and language function, which is known to be vulnerable to menopause women. It was conducted on 40 Climacteric woman between 40 to 60 years complaining about cognitive function decline. The mobile app-based cognitive training was an 8 week program. There were a total of 24 sessions and each session took 20-30 minutes, three times per week. The survey was carried out including a baseline study pre and post intervention study. The research variables were objective cognitive function (overall cognitive function, memory, attention, and language function), subjective cognitive function and quality of life. The cognitive training program showed a significant increase in overall cognitive function(t=-8.688, p<.001), memory(t=-4.765, p<.001), attention : number of correct answers(t=-7.293, p<.001), language high frequency response speed(Z=-2.179, p=.036), language low frequency response speed(Z=-2.737, p=.009) and quality of life (t=-3.358, p=.002). However, there was no significant difference in the scores for subjective cognitive function. The cognitive training program was found to be an effective intervention for improving the cognitive function of Climacteric women. It could be used as a cognitive intervention tool that is accessible at home without expert help.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.255-271
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• 2023

Purpose of study: The purpose of this study is to explore the moderating effect of learning motivation in the effect of cognitive presence on cognitive regulation. Research content and method: The subjects of this study were 160 preservice teachers who are enrolled in the Faculty of Education of a university. The survey measured cognitive control, human presence, and learning motivation. Among the collected data, learning motivation was averaged. In addition, a group with low learning motivation and a group with high motivation were distinguished. Next, this study compared the averages of cognitive control by classifying the learning motivation levels. The collected data was analyzed using a multiple regression (Stepwise) method to explore the effect of cognitive presence on cognitive control. First, multiple regression analysis was performed on the entire group. Second, multiple regression analysis was performed by dividing the group with low learning motivation from the group with high motivation. Conclusions and Suggestions: As a result of the analysis, the group with high learning motivation showed a higher level of cognitive control than the group with low motivation. In the group with high learning motivation, only content understanding among the sub-factors of cognitive presence had an effect on cognitive control. In the group with low learning motivation, all factors of cognitive presence were affected.