• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of relaxation on stress and blood pressure of the college students induced by a cognitive distress game. Methods: The subjects for this research were 18 individuals whose stress index scores were below 4.0 (Asan city). The 18 subjects were divided into two, 9 students were assigned to the experimental group and the other 9 students to the control group randomly. Survey was used to gather data to recognize general characteristics and the level of stress and blood pressure were measured before and after cognitive distress game and relaxation. The gathered data were analyzed with frequency, $X^2$-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Mann Whitney U test using SPSS 14.0 program. Results: Both level of stress and blood pressure displayed a statistically significant difference pre and post cognitive distress game. Relaxation had a statistically significant effect on level of stress. Relaxation, however, did not have statistically significant effect on blood pressure. Conclusion: The above results suggest that while relaxation was effective in reducing level of stress for college students, and therefore recommendable as a means to deal with stress. However, to investigate the effects on physiological index such as blood pressure, further research is needed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.762-774
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• 2008

Recently, silver consumers were became new consumption market. The purpose of this study were to find out the relationships among cognitive age and variables related to hairdressing purchases in hairdressing shop. Data were obtained from 853 women in the 50's and 60's who living in Busan. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and, $X^2$-test, t-test using SPSS WIN 12.0. The results of the study were as follows: First, Service quality of hairdressing shop were consisted of Personal Service, Facilities Service, Skill Service, and Policy Service. Second, Silver consumers' cognitive age influenced purchase behavior of hairdressing services. Most of respondents were perceived themselves to be younger than their chronological ages. Repurchasing intention of silvers who were active and self-fidelity or perceived themselves cognitively younger were more likely to be influenced by store service quality and consumer satisfaction. This study provides an insight into silver fashion marketers and retailers for developing market strategies for silver fashion market. Implications are drawn for the information useful to consumer behavior researchers and retailers of the silver fashion market.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify personal, contextual, and cognitive factors influencing the career preparation behavior of Korean nursing students. In this study, an examination was done of the fitness of a path model for the relationship among these factors based on the social cognitive career theory. Methods: The participants were 413 nursing students in South Korea. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires that included self-esteem, social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectation, career decision level, and career preparation behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and path analysis. Results: The factors influencing career preparation behavior were self-efficacy, career decision level, self-esteem, outcome expectation, and social support. The factors influencing career decision level were self-efficacy, outcome expectation, self-esteem, and social support. Conclusion: The findings indicate that self-efficacy is an important factor influencing the career behavior of Korean nursing students. Nurse educators should consider personal, contextual, and cognitive factors of nursing students and develop systemic career guidance programs to help nursing students' career preparation behavior.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of Dan Jeon Breathing on physical endurance, cognitive function, and depression in middle-aged women. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants were 59 middle-aged women and randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Dan Jeon Breathing was carried out for 40 minutes per day, 3 times per week for 12 weeks between March 1 and July 31, 2010. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed ranked test for paired data. Results: After Dan Jeon Breathing intervention, the scores of physical endurance and depression of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. However, the scores of cognitive function between two groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: The Dan Jeon Breathing can be utilized as a nursing intervention for physical endurance and depression in middle-aged women. Also, a revised model of Dan Jeon Breathing is needed to be examined for cognitive function.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aimed at investigating the mediation roles of attitude dimensions in the effects of involvement type on hedonic product purchase intention and moderation role of lay rationalism in the effects of involvement type on attitude dimensions. Research design, data, and Methodology - "Wenjuanxing" was used online to make questionnaire, which was loaded on Wechat and QQ. 125 data were collected online in China. The Process macro model 58 including moderation of the two paths in the causal sequence was used to verify hypotheses. Results and Conclusions - First, cognitive (affective) involvement had positive effect on the utilitarian (hedonic) dimension of consumer attitude and the purchase intention. Second, hedonic dimension of attitude had positive effects on purchase intention, but utilitarian dimension of attitude had not significant positive effects on purchase intention. Third, Lay rationalism did decrease (did not increase) the positive effects of affective (cognitive) involvement on hedonic (utilitarian) dimension of attitude. Therefore Marketing managers should understand the differences between the cognitive involvement and affective involvement, and develop the ways by which they attract consumers to choose their hedonic product. And they should give affective (cognitive) information to the customers with low (high) rationalism consumers when they do marketing for their hedonic product.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.3312-3334
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• 2015

In this paper, a mechanism for spectrum allocation in overlay cognitive radio networks is proposed. In overlay cognitive radio networks, the secondary users (SUs) must first sense the activity of primary users (PUs) to identify unoccupied spectrum bands. Based on their different contributions for the spectrum sensing, the SUs get payoffs that are computed by the fusion center (FC). The unoccupied bands will be auctioned and SUs are asked to bid using payoffs they earned or saved. Coalitions are allowed to form among SUs because each SU may only need a portion of the bands. We formulate the coalition forming process as a coalition forming game and analyze it by game theory. In the coalition formation game, debtor-creditor relationship may occur among the SUs because of their limited payoff storage. A debtor asks a creditor for payoff help, and in return provides the creditor with a portion of transmission time to relay data for the creditor. The negotiations between debtors and creditors can be modeled as a Bayesian game because they lack complete information of each other, and the equilibria of the game is investigated. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the proposed auction yields data rate improvement and certain fairness among all SUs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.160-172
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop a successful strategy that can satisfy customer needs effectively based on the recognition of cognitive gaps toward the Internet shopping mall between managers and customers. Internet shopping mall becomes a main cyber space for future shopping, Despite some pessimistic view on the future of cyber shopping, the amount of purchase in Internet shopping has increased continuously and dramatically. In order to compare and analyze the cognitive difference between managers and customers, this study investigates the view of managers as Internet shopping mall operators as well as that of customers. Questionnaires and brief interviews were carried out to collect empirical data. Empirical results find the significant cognitive gap in the perception of importance of factors affecting shopping malls between managers and customers. After analysing the empirical data with statistical methods, this study finds that six of nine factors show significantly different views in perception of Internet shopping mall between managers and customers. The findings of this study can be employed to implement an Internet shopping mall strategy to better serve customer needs and requirements to gain competitive advantage in this emerging market with growing competition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.631-640
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• 2016

The youth-pursing syndrome is especially amplified through a variety of media due to medical technology development, increases in social activities, and influence. This study discusses the relationship of youth-pursuing, media appearance information interest, and media contact responses focused middle-aged women. Data were collected from 245 females aged 40-65 in Seoul, Daejeon and Chungbuk area residents. The SPSS WIN 21.0 program analyzed the data by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis. Youth-pursuing derived social, psychological, and outward factors. Only an outward factor of these three dimensions influenced a significant media appearance information interest, and media contact response. The regression analysis results for chronological age and cognitive age, cognitive age influenced all variables significantly (three factors of youth-pursuing, media appearance information interest, and media contact response). But chronological age influenced significantly only the media appearance information interest. This study verified the relationship of youth-pursuing and media variables (media appearance information interest and media contact response).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive age, service quality, and consumer satisfaction on repurchase intention according to silvers' lifestyle types in the hairdressing shop. Data were obtained from 853 women in the 50's and 60's who living in Busan. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, cluster analysis and path analysis using SPSS WIN 12.0 and LISREL 8.53. The results of the study were as follows: First. silver consumers were classified by the lifestyle into the Active self-fidelitist, Economy family-oriented, and Passive-stagnant. Service quality of hairdressing shop were consisted of Personal Service, Facilities Service, Skill Service, and Policy Service. Second, according to silvers' lifestyle types, repurchasing intention was differently influenced by cognitive age, perceived store service quality, and consumer satisfaction when hairdressing services. Hairdressers were the most important variable for silver consumers' satisfaction, which influenced the repurchase intention of hairdressing services.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was aimed at constructing and examining the effects of a laughter therapy program for elderly patients in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A prospective, two-group quasi-experimental design was used and 50 patients (25 experimental and 25 control group patients) from two long-term care hospitals in Gyeonggido province, South Korea, were study participants. The experimental group received 24 laughter therapy sessions twice a week for 12 weeks, and the control group received laughter therapy after data collection. Data were collected between May 26 and August 17, 2014. Results: The level of cognitive function for the experimental group increased(t=3.27, p=.002). The level of forced vital capacity (t=2.78, p=.008) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (t=4.94, p<.001) increased among members of the experimental group. Conclusion: These results indicated that the laughter program was effective in improving cognitive and pulmonary functions among older patients who were receiving long-term care in hospitals. This program could be used for community-based elderly patients.