• 제목/요약/키워드: Coercive

검색결과 631건 처리시간 0.021초

코스메틱 산업에서의 유통경로상 거래관계가 갈등과 관계만족에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Business Relationships on Conflict and Satisfaction in the Cosmetics Industry's Distribution Channel)

  • 박수홍;양회창;선일석
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - The cosmetics industry is a traditional high value-added industry in terms of the domestic demand, small batch production systems, exclusive competition, and raw materials highly dependent on overseas countries as well as an oligopolistic market structure. However, new foreign brands and growing consumer awareness of inexpensive products, has triggered a shift. In line with changing lifestyles and the polarization of consumption, the industry faces a new market structure. Among its key characteristics is the cosmetics industry's numerous distribution channels (i.e., department stores, door-to-door sales, online shopping malls, brand shops, and discount stores). Therefore, the study of its distribution channels is essential. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed channel distribution power divided into coercive and non-coercive power. The factors of coercive power included: unilateral request of an increase in commissions, interference in sales by taking advantage of a superior status, unilateral buck-passing at the time of a problem, unilateral request to stop sales activities, and a unilateral business contract; the factors of non-coercive power included favorable payment conditions, offers of various kinds of information, policy on commission reduction, pride in market entrance, and promotion support. In addition, the mediating variable "interdependence" was applied to the execution of department store (or mart) power and their shop conflicts and satisfaction to examine direct and indirect influential power. The methodology was a survey of managers of cosmetics shops in department stores (or marts). The questionnaire, based on a five-point Likert scale, included questions about basic personal information, execution of power, interdependence, conflict, and satisfaction. The study distributed 198 questionnaires and collected 131. Ten questionnaires with missing or hard to analyze data were excluded. Thus, 121 copies were analyzed. Results - According to the analysis, the execution of coercive power by department stores (or marts) did not affect interdependence, but the execution of non-coercive power did. Interdependence did not influence conflict, but did affect satisfaction. Additionally, the analysis revealed direct influential power: the execution of coercive power positively affected conflict and negatively influenced satisfaction; the execution of non-coercive power positively affected satisfaction. Conclusions - To offer suggestions for distribution business relations in the cosmetics industry, this study investigated how the execution of power by department stores (or marts) affected their shops. More specifically, it examined how much the execution of both coercive power and non-coercive power influenced conflict and satisfaction, and analyzed the mediating role of interdependence. In line with previous study results in various areas, coercive power was shown to be the source of conflict, leading to a decrease in satisfaction, whereas non-coercive power significantly positively influenced satisfaction. Moreover, non-coercive power increased interdependence, which led to greater satisfaction. As a result, interdependence had a mediating effect on non-coercive power and satisfaction. Based on the results, department stores (or marts) should look for improvements plans that increase interdependence. Such plans could alleviate conflict with the shops, increasing their satisfaction.

보자력을 이용한 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V강 인공시효재의 열화도 평가 (Degradation Evaluation of Aged 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel Using Coercive Force)

  • 유권상;남승훈;김용일;유광민;손대락
    • 비파괴검사학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.288-293
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    • 1999
  • 고온에서 사용중인 터빈 로터의 안전성을 평가하기 위해서는 열화된 재료의 물성이 필요하다. 실제로 발전소에서 사용되고 있는 열화도가 다른 로터강을 종류별로 입수하기가 어렵기 때문에, 터빈 로터재로 널리 사용되고 있는 1Cr-1Mo-0.25V 강으로 인공열화 시료를 제작하였다. 실제로 사용된 재료의 미세조직과 유사한 미세조직을 갖는 시료를 얻기 위하여 실제 사용온도보다 높은 $630^{\circ}C$의 등온에서 열처리시간을 다르게 하여 열화도가 다른 7종류의 시료를 얻었다. 열화도를 비파괴적으로 평가하기 위하여 상온에서 측정한 보자력을 이용하였다. 열화도의 증가에 따라 경도와 보자력은 감소하였는데, 이 원인을 미세조직 및 EPMA 분석에 의해 구명하였고, 경도와 보자력과의 상관관계를 만들어 비파괴적으로 열화도를 평가할 수 있는 기초를 마련하였다.

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한국 기업진단의 강제적 동질성(isomorphism)을 수반한 모집단학습: 삼성그룹과 현대그룹의 비교 (Population Learning with Coercive Isomorphism in the Korean Business Groups: A Comparison between the Samsung and Hyunda Group)

  • 이흥
    • 경영과학
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.87-116
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    • 2000
  • The Purpose of the current study is to understand population learning with coercive isomorphism in the Korean Business Groups. Can we observe isomorphic phenomena by coercive isomorphism\ulcorner Why do these happen\ulcorner What mechanisms are embedded in the coercive isomorphism. To answer these questions this study focused on the two Korea's largest Chaeblos the Samsung and Hyundai. An empirical study to compared daily routines used in these two Chaeboles and contents analysis on the founders' characteristics were performed. Three major mechanisms were suggested as main processes to impact the formation of the coercive isomorpism in the two Korean Chaebols. Research implications were discussed at the end of study.

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항자력과 자기포화도에 의한 WC-8%Co 초경합금의 기계적 성질 평가 (The Evaluation of Mechanical Property of WC-8%Co Alloys by Coercive Force and Magnetic Saturation)

  • 안동길
    • 비파괴검사학회지
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.438-444
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    • 2000
  • WC-Co 초경합금의 항자력과 자기포화도를 평가하여 합금조직과 이에 따른 기계적 성질의 예측에 관해 연구하였다. WC 입경이 다르고 탄소함량 및 소결온도가 다른 WC-8%-Co 초경합금을 분말 야금법에 의해 제조하였다. 항자력과 자기포화도와 같은 WC-Co 합금의 자기적 특성은 합금조성 및 조직에 크게 의존하였다. 미소한 합금탄소량의 변화와 WC 입도의 차이에 의해서도 WC-Co 합금의 자기적 특성과 경도 및 항절력이 크게 변화하였다. WC 입도가 미세할수록 소결합금의 항자력과 경도는 증가하였고, 항자력은 경도의 증가와 비례하였다. WC-8%Co 합금의 화학 양론적 조성 아래로 카본함량이 감소하면 자기포화도와 항절력이 떨어지고 $\eta$상의 체적률도 꾸준히 증가하였다. WC-Co 합금에 있어서 자기포화도는 항자력과 반비례하였다.

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비정질 리본의 자기장중 열처리에 의한 보자력 노이즈의 변화에 관한 연구 (Study on the Coercive Field Strenght Noise Depends on The Magnetic Field Annealing Effect of Amorphous Ribbon)

  • 최근화;손대락
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.150-153
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    • 1994
  • 본 연구에서는 2쌍의 헬름홀쯔코일을 사용하여 비본형 시편의 종방향 및 횡방향으로 자기장 을 인가한 상태에서 열처리한 Co-계 비정질 합금 VITROVAC 6030의 보자력 노이즈를 측정하였다. 시편의 종방향 및 횡방향으로 dc 자기장을 인가한 상태에서 열처리한 시편의 경우, 보자력노이즈는 자화주파수 가 1~100 kHz 범위에서 거의 변화하지 않았으며, 시편의 종방향으로 ac 자기장을 횡방향으로는 dc자기 장을 인가한 상태에서 열처리한 시편의 경우의 보자력 노이즈는 자화주파수의 거듭제곱으로 감소하는 경 향을 보였다. 또한 자구핵형성이 일어날 경우 보자력 노이즈는 크게 증가하며 자화주파수의 거듭제곱으 로 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

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한국 기업진단의 강제적 동질성(isomorphism)을 수반한 모집단학습: 삼성그룹과 현대그룹의 비교 (Population Learning with Coercive Isomorphism in the Korean Business Groups: A Comparison between the Samsung and Hyunda Group)

  • 이홍
    • 한국경영과학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.87-87
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    • 1992
  • The Purpose of the current study is to understand population learning with coercive isomorphism in the Korean Business Groups. Can we observe isomorphic phenomena by coercive isomorphism? Why do these happen? What mechanisms are embedded in the coercive isomorphism. To answer these questions this study focused on the two Korea's largest Chaeblos the Samsung and Hyundai. An empirical study to compared daily routines used in these two Chaeboles and contents analysis on the founders' characteristics were performed. Three major mechanisms were suggested as main processes to impact the formation of the coercive isomorpism in the two Korean Chaebols. Research implications were discussed at the end of study.

기공율, 응력 및 입자 크기가 B-H Hysteresis loop 특성에 미치는 영향 연구 (The study on effects of porosity, strain and grain size on B-H Hysteresis Ioop)

  • 김성재;정명득;백종규
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.89-93
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    • 1994
  • Mg-페라이트에 있어서 B-H hysteresis loop 특성에 미치는 소결체의 밀도, 내부 응력, 입자 크기의 영향을 조사하였다. 밀도가 증가함에 따라서 보자력은 감소하였으며 각형비는 증가 하였다. 보자력은 내부 응력에 매우 의존적이었으며 시편 내부에 응력이 존재할때 보자력은 1.95 [Oe]에서 4.35[Oe]로 증가하였다. 그러나 각형비는 큰 차이가 없었다. 입자 크기가 6-11[um] 범위 내에서의 보자력 및 각형비는 입자 크기에 의존성을 갖지 않았다.

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Characteristics of Barkhausen Noise Properties and Hysteresis Loop on Tensile Stressed Rolled Steels

  • Kikuchi, Hiroaki;Ara, Katsuyuki;Kamada, Yasuhiro;Kobayashi, Satoru
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.427-430
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    • 2011
  • The rolled steels for welded structure applied tensile stress have been examined by means of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) method and of a physical parameter obtained from a hysteresis loop. The behaviors of MBN parameters and coercive force with tensile stress were discussed in relation to microstructure changes. There is no change in MBN parameters and coercive force below yield strength. The coercive force rises rapidly with tensile stress above yield strength. On the other hand, the rms voltage and the peak in averaged rms voltage take a maximum around yield strength and then decreases. The magnetomotive force at peak in the averaged rms voltage shows a minimum around yield strength. These phenomena are attributed to the combined effects of cell texture and dislocation density. In addition, the behaviors of MBN parameters around yield strength may be reflected by the localized changes in strain field due to the formation of dislocation tangles.

VDF/TrFE 공중합체의 히스테리시스 및 온도특성 (A study on hysteresis and temperature properties of VDF/TrFe copolymer)

  • 방태찬;김종경;강대하
    • E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.156-165
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    • 1997
  • D-E hysteresis loops have been measured for the 65/35 mole % copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene over wide temperature range. The remanent polarization and the coercive field at room temperature were estimated to be 75 mC/m$^{2}$ and 55 MV/m respectively. D-E hysteresis loops were observed even below the glass transition temperature(-20.deg. C) and the remanent polarization and the coercive field were larger, as the temperature lower. It seems that the remanent polarization and the coercive field depend on the amorphous region as well as crystalline region in this copolymer. And the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition was observed at 90.deg. C on heating and 80'C on cooling. Double hysteresis loops were observed at the temperature(85.deg. C) of paraelectric phase.

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