• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the breed differences in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of MC1R mRNA, which may be used to distinguish Korean brindle cattle (Chikso) from other breeds. We investigated the relationship between the variation of 3'-UTR of the MC1R mRNA and coat color among different breeds and the Korean brindle cattle with different coat colors. MC1R mRNA expression levels were determined in accordance with the coat color and hair colors of the tail. Total cellular RNA was extracted from the hair follicles of the tails in Hanwoo, Korean brindle cattle, Holstein and $Hanwoo{\times}Holstein$ crossbred cattle. After cDNA synthesis, PCR was performed. Sequences of the 3'-UTR of MC1R mRNA were analyzed. The 3'-UTR of the MC1R mRNA from different breeds of cattle did not show any variations. There were no variations in the 3'-UTR of the MC1R mRNA in Korean brindle cattle with different coat colors. The levels of MC1R mRNA expression in hair follicles of the tail varied substantially among the Korean brindle cattle with different coat colors, except yellow coat color. Correlation between the MC1R mRNA expression in the hair follicles of the tail and coat color may be present in the Korean brindle cattle, but not between the variations of 3'-UTR of MC1R mRNA and coat color. Further studies to determine the regulation of MC1R mRNA expression from the hair follicles of different coat colors will be beneficial in clarifying the role of MC1R in the coat colors of the Korean brindle cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1395-1397
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• 2002

The tyrosinase gene was selected as a candidate for uncovering genetic mechanism causing 'black ear' coat color in rabbits. A PCR-SSCP detection method was established for the $881^A{\rightarrow}881^G$ mutation located in the central region of the tyrosinase gene between the CuA and CuB binding region signatures, and this was confirmed by sequencing and alignment. Fully consistent associations between the SNP and 'black ear' coat color were observed by analysis in a "black ear" pedigree and on 61 unrelated individuals. This SNP can serve as a molecular marker for use in "back ear" wool rabbit breeding.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2012

본 연구는 제주마 월라(Wolla) 모색의 백반형태 (Tobiano, frame Overo, sabino)에 대해 유전학적 특성을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 제주마 376두 (월라 142두, 비월라 234두)에 대해 Tobiano 모색 확인을 위해 ECA3-inversion을 분석하였으며, frame Overo 모색은 EDNRB 2-bp 염기치환 상태를 확인하였고, sabino 모색인자형 확인은 KIT intron 16 SNP를 분석하였다. 제주마 월라 모색 개체에서 ECA3-inversion 유전자형이 +/To 이형접합 형태가 140두 (0.986), To/To 동형접합 형태 2두 (0.013)가 나타나 제주마 월라 모두에서 ECA3-inversion이 확인되었다. 반면에 EDNRB와 KIT intron 16 SNP에서는 frame Overo나 sabino 인자는 나타나지 않았다. 제주마 비월라에서는 ECA3-inversion, EDNRB 그리고 KIT intron 16 SNP에서 백반형태와 관련된 인자는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과 제주마 월라(Wolla) 모색은 모색 유전학적 분류에서 Tobiano 모색 유형에 속하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.793-798
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• 2009

본 연구는 제주마에서 빈번하게 관찰되는 전신성 백모색 발생의 유전 양상과 유전적 변이와의 상관을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 백모색은 표현형과 MC1R 유전자형 분석 자료의 조합을 근거로 결정한 가라, 유마, 적다 등 모든 기본 모색에서 관찰되었다. 제주마에서는 타 품종들에서 KIT 유전자의 이형 접합성에 의해 발생하는 선천성 백색에 대한 잠재적 돌연변이 들은 발견되지 않았다. STX17 유전자의 intron 6 에서 4.6-kb 중복을 보유한 개체들에서 특이적으로 탈색된 백모색이 관찰되었다. 관찰기록과 STX17 유전자형에 따라 제주마에서 관찰되는 탈색된 백화현상은 총마(점진적 백화증, Gray) 로 확인되었다. 가계도 분석에서 총마 형질은 상동염색체성 우성유전형 질로 나타났으며 상동염색체성 열성형질인 albinism과도 구분되었다. 제주마에서 총마 모색이 자마 시기에는 명확하게 발현되는 않으며, 종종 다른 표현형들과 혼동을 일으키기도 하기 때문에, 총마와 이와 유사한 표현형으로 출생 시부터 혼합 모색을 나타내는 조모색, 상처 치료 후 백화, 백반 유사피부 백색증 등에 대한 추가 연구가 요구된다고 하겠다. 그럼에도 불구하고 총마와 유전적 배경의 관계를 구명한 본 연구결과는 제주마에서 분자육종을 위한 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.52-52
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• 2019

Buckwheat is well-known crop for containing a high contents of flavonoids that are effective in vascular disease. The current study was performed to estimate the influence of morphological characterization of Fagopyrum esculentum (ES) germplasm for seed's two major flavonoids contents: rutin and quercetin. We found that the red stem color, pale green leaf color, arrowhead leaf shape, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color, and egg-shaped seed were significantly associated with 77%, 56.7%, 83.7%, 98.7%, 70.8% and 74.5% germplasm, respectively. Overall, the rutin contents of ES germplasm ranged from 0.30 to 47.86 mg/100g dry weight (DW) and the quercetin contents ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/100g DW. The rutin contents of germplasm possessing red stem color, pale green leaf color, arrowhead leaves, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color and egg-shaped seed ranged from 7.22 to 47.86 mg/100g DW. However, the quercetin contents of germplasm with red stem color and pale brown seed coat color ranged from 0 to 1.15 mg/100g DW, with pale green leaves ranged from 0 to 0.96 mg/100g, with arrowhead leaves and white flower ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/100g and with egg-shaped seed ranged from 0.32 to 1.22 mg/100g DW. In PCA analysis, the first three principal components (PCs) showed Eigen value more than 1 and accounted for 51.70% of variation. For both higher contents of rutin and quercetin, the morphological evaluation in ES shows a tendency of red stem color, arrowhead leaves, pale green leaf color, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color and egg-shaped seed. From this information, we can assume the rutin and quercetin contents by the morphological characteristics of the germplasm. And It could be useful in improving the rutin and quercetin contents and selecting proper resources for cultivation in existing buckwheat cultivars.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1047-1053
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• 2013

Five hundred and forty crossbred (Korean native black pig${\times}$Landrace) F2 were selected at a commercial pig farm and then divided into six different coat color groups: (A: Black, B: White, C: Red, D: White spot in black, E: Black spot in white, F: Black spot in red). Birth weight, 21st d weight, 140th d weight and carcass weight varied among the different coat color groups. D group (white spot in black coat) showed a significantly higher body weight at each weigh (birth weight, 140th d weight and carcass weight) than did the other groups, whereas the C group (red coat color) showed a significantly lower body weight at finishing stage (140th d weight and carcass weight) compared to other groups. Meat quality characteristics, shear force, cooking loss and meat color were not significantly different among the different coat color groups, whereas drip loss was significantly higher in F than in other groups. Most blood characteristics were not significantly different among the different groups, except for the red blood cells.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the MC1R genotypes of the Chikso (Korean brindle cattle) sires on the coat colors of their offspring. In this study, 15 Chikso sires with known MC1R genotypes were used for breeding in the Gangwon Province Livestock Research Center, the Chungbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research, and the Livestock Experiment Station, Jeonbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research from either 2011 or 2012 to 2013. There were 6 sires with $E^+E^+$ genotypes and 9 sires with $E^+e$ genotypes, and their coat colors were all whole brindle (more than 50 of the body). Among the 90 calves produced in 2011~2013 or 2012~2013 from the 15 sires, 50 (55.6%) of them were females and 40 (44.4%) of them were males. Coat colors of the offspring were determined when they reached over 6 months of age. Calves with whole brindle, part brindle, brown and black coat colors were 42 (48.3%), 11 (12.6%), 18 (20.7%) and 16 (18.4%), respectively. Ratio of calves with whole brindle coat color was higher than any other coat colors. Among the offspring with whole brindle color, 20 (41.7%) calves were female and 22 (51.3%) calves were male. By determining the MC1R genotypes of the dams and calves in this study along the family lines, and investigating other genes that may be involved in the coat colors of the Chikso, better breeding system may be established to increase the brindle coat color appearance in the future.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2015

본 연구는 제주마 집단의 모색유전자 분포 특성 및 세대별 모색 유전자 변화 양상을 분석하기 위해 제주특별자치도에서 관리하는 제주마, 1,462두에 대한 모색 관련 유전자인 MC1R, ASIP, ECA3-inversion, STX17을 분석하였다. 흑모색과 관련된 MC1R 유전자의 $E^+/E^+$와 $E^+/E^e$ 유전자형 빈도는 각각 0.122와 0.447로 조사되었고, 적색(chestnut) 유전자형인 $E^e/E^e$ 유전자형 빈도는 0.429로 확인되었다. ASIP 유전자의 $A^A/A^A$, $A^A/A^a$ 및 $A^a/A^a$ 유전자형 빈도는 각각 0.46, 0.448, 0.091로 확인되어 $A^a/A^a$ 유전자형 빈도가 낮았다. 토비아노(Tobiano) 형태를 발현하는 To/To와 +/To 유전자형은 각각 0.001과 0.119로 토비아노 형태의 모색은 12%를 점유하고 있었다. 회색 모색과 관련된 STX17의 G/G와 G/g 유전자형의 빈도는 각각 0.002와 0.680로 나타나 제주마 집단에 회색마는 68.2%를 점유하였다. 세대별 모색 변화는 MC1R, ASIP 유전자에서는 큰 변화를 확인할 수 없었다. ECA3-inversion에서는 토비아노를 발현하는 To allele은 세대변화에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05), 회색 모색과 관련된 STX17 G allele은 세대변화에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 본 연구결과, 제주마 집단의 모색 다양성을 유지하기 위해서는 종마 선정 단계에 모색 유전자의 검토가 필요한 것으로 사료되었다.

• 복식
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• 제4권
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• pp.39-59
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• 1981

This article briefly researched the Picture of Welcoming the Governor of Pyongan Province painted by Kim Hong-do, penname Danwon(1745-1818?). The Picture was composed of three parts and its historical and pictorial back-ground were reviewed firstly. And later the dress and its ornament appearing on the Picture were studied. In the historical viewpoint of dress and its ornament, the Picture shown all sorts of dress from lower class maids and servants to higher officials-dignatories and governor, and dealt with nearly all dresses. In order to support and to make better understand the dresses of that age, some Korean literary works of the same period depicting the dress and its ornament were also selected. This article dealt with the dress and its ornament. especially that of 18th century of the Yi Dynasty, and comparatively studied for our folk painting with literary works. Also the picture enabled to make this study was an important data of our old dress and its ornament. This painting was considered as one of our cultural treasures. Several conclusions drawn out from this study as followings: 1) In male and female dress of lower class people; male dress was consist of trouser and coat, and coat, and over the coat SOCHANGYI were used. Female dress was basically consist of skirt and these were white color of their favourite. Mainly simple color was used for clothing and its dress style were CHAKSOO-HYONG (narrow sleeve style) which convenient for a work. 2) Yangban's dress was consist of trouser, coat and over the coat, usually DOPO(over-coat) were used and some case JICKRYONGPO (a sort of over-coat) or CHANGYI were also used. These were GWANGSOO-HYONG (wide sleeve style) of inconvenient for a work. 3) In head-gear, there was no difference of the higher and the lower. They usually used HEUC-KRIP (black Korean hat). The OCKJUNGJA, GONJAKMI (peacock tail), HOSOO (tiger beard), and YOUNGJA (chin strip) were used according to officials ranks as head-gear's oraments. 4) Local petty officials used ordinary dress and CHUPRI (warn-dress) were also used by them, and military officials used war-dress of tight sleeve. 5) The belting of over-coat are different in color according to official grade. The higher grade wore red-wide belt, but generally black narrow belt for ordinary officials. 6) All KISAING girl wore SAMHYEOIJANG upper coat. And their head ornament were black KARIMA for grown KISAING. SAYANG hair for DONGKI or maiden KISAING and BINYEO (an ornamental rod of women's hair) were inserted into the hair of rear down part of head. The water carring maid wore BANHYEOIJANG upper coat and no KARIMA were on head and their coat were gloomy color. Above mentioned are several conclusions, and there migh be a false or erroneous explanations of 18th century dress and its ornament, however I considered they were data for blank period of quite unknown.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1392-1397
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• 2016

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-s ($Gn{\alpha}s$) is a small subunit of the G protein-couple signaling pathway, which is involved in the formation of coat color. The expression level and distribution of $Gn{\alpha}s$ were detected by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the underlying mechanisms of coat color in white and black skin tissues of mice. qPCR and western blot results suggested that $Gn{\alpha}s$ was expressed at significantly higher levels in black mice compared with that of white mice, and transcripts and protein possessed the same expression in both colors. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated $Gn{\alpha}s$ staining in the root sheath and dermal papilla in hair follicle of mice skins. The results indicated that the $Gn{\alpha}s$ gene was expressed in both white and black skin tissues, and the expression level of $Gn{\alpha}s$ in the two types of color was different. Therefore, $Gn{\alpha}s$ may be involved in the coat color formation in mice.