• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 1988

Biotypes of the brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens St l, population migrated from maninand China in to southern coastal regions of Korea were investigated in 1985-1987 by honeydew excretion test using Korean cultvars,, 'Milyang 23'(no resistant gene), 'Cheongcheo-ngboy'(bph 1 gene), 'Milyang 63'(bph 2 gene) and 'Gayabyeo'(bph 1 and bph 2 gene). There was a correlation between the amount of honeydew excreted and the ability of each biotype to infest resistant cultivars: 'Milyang 23' with no resistant gene was highiy susceptible to bioty-pe-1, 2 and 3 ; 'cheongcheongbyeo' with resistant bph 1 was susceptible to biotype-2: and 'Milyang 63' with resistant bph 2 gene was highiy resistant to biotype-1, 2 and 3. Percent biotype dis-tribution of the female BPH collected in the southern coastal regions of Korea showed that in 1985, 1986 and 1987, the BPH biotype-1 was predominant accounting for 64.7%, 61.2% and 57.9%, respectivley, whereas bitype-2 was 22.0%, 21.9% and 29.7%, and biotype-3 was 13.3%, 17.0% and 12.6%, repestively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1987

This paper is a part of the regional characteristics of Korean chotkal. The kinds and materials of Korean chotkals are studied by interviewing local people living in 142 different regions which are bigger than 'myon' in size. Regions are classified according to the structural style of commoner's house. Regional characteristics of chotkal are analyzed and interpreted with natural environmental factor. The rest of my further interested subject will be followed in later issues ; the ways of preservation, period of fermentation according to the regional characteristics and uses of Korean chotkal. The results of this study can be summerized as follows, 1. There are 145 different kinds. 2. Raw materials of 145 kinds of chotkal are devided roughly into five groups ; (1) fishes in 87 kinds (2) Pelecypoda and Gastropoda in 14 kinds (3) Cephalopoda in 10 Kinds (4) Crustacea in 32 kinds and (5) Holothuroidea and Echinoidea in 2 kinds. They can also be classified according to the parts of individual material ; (1) body or flesh in 118 kinds (2) internal organs in 15 kinds and (3) eggs in 12 kinds. Regions are devided into four provinces ; 'Kwanso', 'Chungbu', 'Nambu', and 'Kwanbuk' in which the number of different kinds of chotkal are 32, 41, 99 and 34, respectively. Raw materials vary because of the distribution of marine life in different regions. Fishes and Cephalopoda are used in all four regions, Pelecypoda and Gastropoda in 'Kwanso', 'Chungbu' and western part of 'Nambu' regions. Different species of Crustacea used in each different regions ; sea crab and sea shrimp in the western coastal area, fresh water crab in the field area, fresh water shrimp in 'Chollado', mantis crab at 'Shihung-gun' in 'Kyonggi-do', Holothuroidea and Echinoidea are used in 'Nambu' regions. Chotkal are not used at all in six local districts which are located in inland areas where the transportation is inconvenient.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.664-676
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• 2001

This study highlights the homogeneity in the heritage of the costume cultures between the Gulf of Aden, a part of the Horn region of Africa and the Arab region of West. Asia. Specifically, a cross-cultural perspective is used to examine the similarities between the two regions based on their (1) geographic living cultures and (2) the use of a costume accessory called Burga-a face veil. The current trend in research on the traditional costume culture of Africa mostly ties art with the traditional costume culture and examines its from an aesthetic or animalism perspective rather than from a cross cultural Perspective. Compared to Previous research in this area this study used literature reviews and Pictorial analysis to analyze costume cultures from a cross-cultural perspective. The Burga, which is worn in the low lands of the Horn region, which is located between the West Asia and African continents, as well as the Arab region, shows a reciprocal cultural exchange between the two regions. Similarities can be found in the shape, design, decorative elements, and the way the Bursa was worn in two regions. Although the Burga as a face veil is only a small part of a costume, it reaffirms the similar living cultures and geographic characteristics of the two regions. As the living culture environment becomes similar around the world, this study should help with cross culture negotiations as well as forther the development of traditional costume research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2009

The review of statements and coastal development characteristics in South Korea were diagnosed by the consultation on the coastal area utilization in Korea. The occupation and the use of public water were dominated by installation of coastal structure and seawater supply and drainage whereas the reclamation areas were predominantly utilized for developing industrial complex, harbor, fishing port and road. The occupation and the use were dominant in western coast, but reclamation was dominant in southern coast of Korea. The number of utilization cases was particularly greater in Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, and Gyeonggi Province including Incheon. The number of the statements reviews increased by more than 200 cases in 2008 compared with 2007, and most of them were the simple statements. The statements related to ocean disposal of dredged sediment, reclamation, dredging sediment, seawater supply and drainage, and marine sand mining were submitted for review. Coastal utilization was especially active in the regions of seawater quality criteria I and II. In particular, special management sea areas designated under the relevant marine regulations were utilized mostly by reclamation for developing harbor, fishing port and coastal structure. Development activities in national parks comprised primarily structure installation and coastal maintenance. In the fisheries resources protection areas, 40% of the total cases accounted for coastal maintenance, 31% for structure installation, and 16% for seawater supply and drainage. In addition, alternative plans for the improvement in policies and system of marine environmental impact assessment were suggested to enhance the function and confidence of the consultation on the coastal area utilization in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.110-123
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• 2017

The authors reviewed the history of creation and management, purposes, extents, methods of creation, planting species and mediums, structure of vegetation layers and legal management, etc. of coastal forests of Korea. Since the Goryeo dynasty, the inhabitants in the coastal regions has long been aware the safety from natural disasters and the local governments manages for the defence and natural disasters, and collaboration among GO and NGOs, as well as enterprises are participating to the conservation of coastal forests in Korea. The purposes of creation and management of coastal forests in historical aspects are prevention of disasters, safety by the Fengsui, military uses, and timber productions, but partly as the places for religious beliefs, safety from diseases and fires, increasing of forest products and fishes, as well as tourists, improving of amenity and landscapes and recreation, inherits of traditional culture, habitats for wildlife, and ecological corridors, etc. The inhabitant in the coastal region who experienced frequent natural disasters has strong supports for the conservation of coastal forest and as a natural resources to inherits to the coming generations as the coastal forests has high values of academic researches on human society, culture, ecology and recreational uses, etc. The extensive overall researches on the creation and managements of coastal forests, as well as cultural tradition in the coastal forests of Korean peninsula are critically essential.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.243-274
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• 2013

To investigate the research state and characteristics of dinoflagellate cyst along the Korean coastal waters, this work analyzed 45 studies conducted in the Korean coasts and basin, the south of Jeju, East China Sea including some part of the Yellow Sea. It was found that the research on dinoflagellate cyst began in the later half of the 1980s in Korea, and that the research areas focused on eutrophied regions where a red tide occurred or on the seas where coastal development occurred. In other words, no research on the East Sea was found. In terms of research contents, there were various studies on analysis of cyst assemblage, tracking of the changes in marine environment like process of eutrophication, roles as a seed population in occurrence of a red tide, creation of cyst by use of sediment trip and tracking of its changes, morphological changes by the change of pH concentration in the hypoxia zone of eutrophied region, germination of a specific species, and other international-level studies. Species composition and cell density also varied in the Korean coastal waters. However, much research on dinoflagellate cyst in Korea is not systematic, and is fragmentary and individual and hencesuffers from great limitations. The research results so far have focused only on specific regions, and sporadic research had been conducted by specific research groups. Dinoflagellate cyst of surface sediments represents the accumulation index of pelagic environment in the sea and is a useful index to understand the marine environment efficiently. In conclusion, Korea requires organized human resources and collaborative research on dinoflagellate cyst which in turn should be considered as a component of marine ecosystem and as an essential aspect of marine biology.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2005

The southeastern coastal area of the Korean peninsula has a complex terrain including an irregular coastline and moderately high mountains. This implies that mesoscale circulations such as mountain-valley breeze and land-sea breeze can play an important role in wind field and ocean forcing. In this study, to improve the accuracy of complex coastal rind field(surface wind and sea surface wind), we carried out the sensitivity experiments based on PBL schemes in PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), which is being used in the operational system at Korea Meteorological Administration. Four widely used PBL parameterization schemes in sensitivity experiments were chosen: Medium-Range Forecast (MRF), High-resolution Blackadar, Eta, and Gayno-Seaman scheme. Thereafter, case(2004. 8. 26 - 8. 27) of weak-gradient flows was simulated, and the time series and the vertical profiles of the simulated wind speed and wind direction were compared with those of hourly surface observations (AWS, BUOY) and QuikSCAT data. In the simulated results, the strength of rind speed of all schemes was overestimated in complex coastal regions, while that of about four different schemes was underestimated in islands and over the sea. Sea surface wind using the Eta scheme showed the highest wind speed over the sea and its distribution was similar to the observational data. Horizontal distribution of the simulated wind direction was very similar to that of real observational data in case of all schemes. Simulated and observed vertical distribution of wind field was also similar under boundary layer(about 1 km), however the simulated wind speed was underestimated in upper layer.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.619-627
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• 2004

Introduction of wave model, considered the effect of shoaling, refraction, diffraction, partial reflection, bottom friction, breaking at the coastal waters of complex bathymetry, is a very important factor for most coastal engineering design and disaster prevention problems. As waves move from deeper waters to shallow coastal waters, the fundamental wave parameters will change and the wave energy is redistributed along wave crests due to the depth variation, the presence of islands, coastal protection structures, irregularities of the enclosing shore boundaries, and other geological features. Moreover, waves undergo severe change inside the surf zone where wave breaking occurs and in the regions where reflected waves from coastline and structural boundaries interact with the incident waves. Therefore, the application of mild-slope equation model in this field would help for understanding of wave transformation mechanism where many other models could not deal with up to now. The purpose of this study is to form a extended mild-slope equation wave model and make comparison and analysis on variation of harbor responses in the vicinities of Ulsan Harbor and Ulsan New Port, etc. due to construction of New Port in Ulsan Bay. We also considered the increase of water depth at the entrance channel by dredging work up to 15 meters depth in order to see the dredging effect. Among several model analyses, the nonlinear and breaking wave conditions are showed the most applicable results. This type of trial might be a milestone for port development in macro scale, where the induced impact analysis in the existing port due to the development could be easily neglected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.217-225
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• 2004

Introduction of wave model, considered the effect of shoaling, refraction, diffraction, partial reflection, bottom friction, breaking at the coastal waters of complex bathymetry, is a very important factor for most coastal engineering design and disaster prevention problems. As waves move from deeper waters to shallow coastal waters, the fundamental wave parameters will change and the wave energy is redistributed along wave crests due to the depth variation, the presence of islands, coastal protection structures, irregularities of the enclosing shore boundaries, and other geological features. Moreover, waves undergo severe change inside the surf zone where wave breaking occurs and in the regions where reflected waves from coastline and structural boundaries interact with the incident waves. Therefore, the application of mild-slope equation model in this field would help for understanding of wave transformation mechanism where many other models could not deal with up to now. The purpose of this study is to form a extended mild-slope equation wave model and make comparison and analysis on variation of harbor responses in the vicinities of Ulsan Harbor and Ulsan New Port, etc. due to construction of New Port in Ulsan Bay. This type of trial might be a milestone for port development in macro scale, where the induced impact analysis in the existing port due to the development could be easily neglected.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.657-667
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• 2005

In this study, we focused on the improvements in the simulation of sea surface wind over the complex coastal area. MM5 model being currently used to predict sea surface wind at Korea Meteorological Administration, was used to verify the accuracy to estimate the local wind field. A case study was performed on clear days with weak wind speed(4 m/s), chosen by the analysis of observations. The model simulations were conducted in the southeastern area of Korea during the selected periods, and observational data such as AWS, buoy and QuikSCAT were used to compare with the calculated wind components to investigate if simulated wind field could follow the tendency of the real atmospheric wind field. Results showed that current operational model, MM5, does not estimate accurately sea surface wind and the wind over the coastal area. The calculated wind speed was overestimated along the complex coastal regions but it was underestimated in islands and over the sea. The calculated diurnal changes of wind direction could not follow well the tendency of the observed wind, especially at nighttime. In order to exceed the limitations, data assimilation with high resolution data and more specificated geographical information is expected as a next best policy to estimate accurately the environment of local marine wind field.