• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 2006

(Fe, Co)/zeolite catalysts such as (Fe, Co)/NaY, (Fe, Co)/NaBeta and (Fe, Co)/HUSY were prepared by ion-exchange method and their catalytic performance was examined in the hydroxylation of phenol with $H_2O_2$ for the production of catechol. The (Fe, Co)/NaBeta catalyst showed its best performance at reaction temperature=$70^{\circ}C$, molar ratio of phenol/$H_2O_2=3$, weight ratio of phenol/catalyst=50 and weight ratio of solvent (water)/phenol=6 as 20％ of phenol conversion, 77％ of the selectivity for the hydroxylation, 70％ of the selectivity for catechol, and 2.5 of the formation ratio of catechol/hydroquinone. The (Fe, Co)/zeolite catalysts showed the reproducible activities without deactivation after repeated regeneration. The fresh and used(Fe, Co)/zeolites were characterized by XRD, UV-VIS DRS, and XPS and their catalytic performance was discussed based on these characterization results.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1996

The densification of the compacts of pure Co, Fe+50%.Co and Fe+25% Co sintered under H$_2$ gas or in vacuum was investigated. The effects of AL, Nb, Ti, and V additions on the densification were also studied. The sintered compact of Co was fully-dense when the density of the compact was lower than $Dg^c$. However, above $Dg^{c}$, it was never fully-dense regardless of sintering atmosphere, temperature, and time. The densification of sintered compacts of Fe-50% Co and Fe-25% Co were always incomplete. While the addition of AL made all compacts fully-dense, the addition of Ti was effective for the compacts of Co and Fe-25% Co. V was effective only for the Fe-25% Co. These results tell us that the particle size of Co powder, the amount of Fe, and the amount of additives forming stable oxides play on important role for the complete densification. Therefore it is desirable to reduce or eliminate the equilibrium pressure of H$_{2}$O or CO in isolated pores to obtain a fully-dense sintered compact.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.185-189
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• 2008

We observe the change of coercivity and exchange bias, depending on inserting material and thickness in a [Pd(0.6 nm)/$Co(0.2)]_5$/ FeMn(10) multilayer structure with perpendicular anisotropy. When 0.78 and 1.28 nm thick NiFe substitutes for Co in a $[Pd(0.6 nm)Co(0.2)]_4$/Pd(0.6)/NiFe(t)/FeMn(10) structure, we obtain the exchange bias of 360 Oe. In addition, when $Co_8Fe_2$ and $Co_9Fe_1$ are inserted for Co/FeMn interface, we obtain the exchange bias of 380 nm for a 0.68 nm thick $Co_8Fe_2$ and 580 Oe for a 0.52 nm thick $Co_9Fe_1$.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

In this study, chemical solution mixing and hydrogen reduction method was used to fabricate nanostructured $Fe_xCo_{1-x}$ alloy powders. Fe-Co chloride mixture, FeCl$_2$ and COCI$_2$ with 99.9％ purity, were reduced in hydrogen atmosphere. Nanostructured Fe-Co alloy powders with a grain size of 50 nm were successfully fabricated. Magnetic properties of fabricated $Fe_xCo_{1-x}$(x=0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100) alloy powders with the same grain size were measured because size factor can affect magnetic properties. Coercivity of Fe-Co alloy powders were increased with increasing Co contents. Maximum value of coercivity in various Co contented Fe-Co alloy powders with similar grain size was 125 Oe at Fe$_{100}$. Saturation magnetization value at Fe$_{70}$Co$_{30}$ composition showed maximum value of 219 emu/g and saturation magnetization value decreased with increasing Co contents and minimum value of 155 emu/g was observed at Co$_{100}$.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

We investigate magnetism and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of CoFe thin films, using VASP code in GGA. In this study Co-terminated and Fe-terminated 5-layer CoFe thin films are employed. The Co-terminated CoFe thin film shows two total energy minima at 2-dimensional lattice constants of $2.45{\AA}$ and $2.76{\AA}$. The film of $2.45{\AA}$ has fcc-like structure and the film of $2.76{\AA}$ has bcc-like structure similarly to a bulk CoFe alloy. And the fcc-like film is more stable by the energy difference of about 160 meV compared to the bcc-like film. The Fe-terminated CoFe film shows very complicated behaviour of total energy which is suspected to be closely related to its complex magnetic structure. The Co-terminated CoFe film of $2.76{\AA}$ shows perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA), while the film of 2.45 does parallel MCA. The Fe-terminated CoFe film also exhibits similar MCA behaviour.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.232-236
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• 2008

Dependence of interlayer exchange coupling on antiferromagnetic IrMn thickness, thermal stability, and parallel anisotropy angle in perpendicular anisotropy [CoFe/Pt/CoFe]/IrMn multilayers was investigated. The magnetic property of [CoFe($10{\AA}$)/Pt($8{\AA}$)/CoFe($10{\AA}$)] induced by antiferromagnetic ordering of IrMn layer was maintained a stable perpendicular anisotropy up to $250^{\circ}C$ and from $7{\AA}$ to $160{\AA}$ of IrMn thickness. The value of interlayer exchange coupling of [CoFe/Pt/CoFe]/IrMn multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy increased to 1.5 times at anisotropy angle of $60^{\circ}$ more than of $0^{\circ}$. On the other side, the interlayer exchange coupling at anisotropy angle of $90^{\circ}$ was $\infty$ Oe, it was likely diverted to a parallel shape magnetization.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2002

It was observed that exchange bias field was increased with smooth surface and better ${\gamma}$-FeMn formation. Sputtering conditions were varied for the control of the surface roughness and ${\gamma}$-FeMn formation. From the results of Cu deposition as underlayer, it was found that ${\gamma}$-FeMn formation was closely related with the thickness of underlayer. After heat treatment, exchange bias field was increased over three times. This improvement was likely that the crystallites of ${\gamma}$-FeMn were well formed. In Co/Cu/Co/FeMn spin valve structure, magnetoresistance was increased over 1.4 times through the heat treatment. This was due to the disappearance of Co/Cu intermixed dead layer and removal of defect, and this was examined by AES analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.570-574
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• 1995

Magnetoresistance of NiFeCo/Cu/NiFeCo/FeMn uncoupled exchange biased sandwiches has been studied. The magnetoresistance change ratio, ${\Delta}R/R_{s}$ showed 4.1 % at a saturation field as low as 11 Oe in $Si/Ti(50\;{\AA})/NiFeCo(70\;{\AA})/Cu(23\;{\AA})/NiFeCo(70\;{\AA})/FeMn(150\;{\AA})/Cu(50\;{\AA})$ spin valve structure. In this system, the magnetoresistance was affected by interlayer material and thickness. When Ti and Cu were used as the interlayer material in this structure, maximum magnetoresistance change ratio were 0.32 % and 4.1 %, respectively. 6.1 % MR ratio was obtained in $Si/Ti(50\;{\AA})/NiFeCo(70\;{\AA})/Cu(15\;{\AA})/NiFeCo(70\;{\AA})/FeMn(150\;{\AA})/Cu(50\;{\AA})$ spin valve structure. The magnetoresistance change ratio decreased monotonically as the interlayer thickness increased. It was found that the exchange bias field exerted by FeMn layer to the adjacent NiFeCo layer was ~25 Oe, far smaller than that reported in NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn spin valve structure(Dieny et. al., ~400 Oe). The relationship between the film texture and exchange anisotropy ha been examined for spin valve structures with Ti, Cu, or non-buffer layer.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 1991

In compacting the melt-spun $Nd_{14}Fe_{76}Co_{4}B_{6}$ and $Nd_{10.5}Fe_{79}Co_{2}Zr_{15}B_{7}$ magnetic powders. the difference in composition induces a different behavior of closed packing rate as a function of aspect ratio of the powders. The $Nd_{10.5}Fe_{79}Co_{2}Zr_{1.5}B_{7}$ alloy having a low Co/Fe ratio (low density) shows the better green density to have an enhanced closed packing rate. An empirical power equation relating the green density with the compacting pressure was obtained such as ${\phi}(g/cm^{2})=5.2~5.6{\times}P^{0.045~0.065}(ton/cm^{2})$. The $Nd_{14}Fe_{76}Co_{4}B_{6}$ alloy having a high Nd/Fe ratio possesses much finer grain size(50~60 nm) than that of $Nd_{10.5}Fe_{79}Co_{2}Zr_{1.5}B_{7}$ alloy and shows the higher coercivity($iH_{c}=14~15kOe$). The higher Nd/Fe ratio in the melt-spun Nd-Fe-Co-B alloy, where the domain wall pinning mechanism was found to be predominant, assists the formation of Nd-rich grain boundary phase acting as a pinning site. The grain boundary ranges over $12~16\;{\AA}$ thick in the Nd-Fe-Co-B alloy while it ranges over $8~12\;{\AA}$ thick in the Nd-Fe-Co-Zr-B alloy.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.162-165
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of the capping layer materials on the crystallization of the amorphous top-CoFeB (t-CoFeB) electrode and the magnetoresistance properties of the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). When the hcp(002)-textured Ru capping layer was used, the amorphous t-CoFeB was crystallized to bcc-CoFe(110). The CoFe(110)/Ru(002) texture relation can be minimized the lattice mismatch down to 5.6%. However, when the fine polycrystalline but almost amorphous TiAl or amorphous ZrAl were used, the amorphous t-CoFeB was crystallized to bcc-CoFe(002). When the amorphous capping materials were used, the evolution of the t-CoFeB texture was affected mainly by the MgO(001) texture. Consequently, the M ratios of the annealed MTJ capped with the ZrAl and TiAl (72.7 and 71.8%) are relatively higher than that of the MTJ with Ru capping layer (46.7%). In conclusions, the texture evolution of the amorphous t-CoFeB during the post deposition annealing could be controlled by the crystallinity of the adjacent capping layer and in turn, it affects the TMR ratio of MTJs.