• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 1998

The amount of D(-)-lactic acid in fermented dairy products is very important because the rate of metabolism of D(-)-lactic acid is lower than that of L(+)-lactic acid. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimum condition during fermentation and storage of yogurt for the formation of isomers of lactic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. The production of acid was excellent at $37^{\circ}C$ of fermentation and the ratio of D(-)-lactic acid was also lower than that of other conditions such as $35^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}40^{\circ}C$. Among shaking and non-shaking treatment under aerobic condition and anaerobic condition, non-shaking treatment under aerobic condition was the best condition at the production of acid and L(+)-lactic acid during fermentation. During storage at low temperature, a larger amount of L(+)-lactic acid was produced than at higer storage temperature.

• Korean small business review
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.43-73
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the collective psychological ownership (CPO) of the board of directors of cooperatives on organizational performance, and to find out the mediator effect of shared leadership between CPO and organizational performance. In this study, we collected a data set of the survey of 453 directors from 78 local consumer cooperatives of iCOOP Korea. The study found that the CPO of the board of directors of consumer cooperatives had a positive impact on the social performance and activity performance of the organization. More importantly, the mediator effect of shared leadership between CPO and performance was statistically significant. These results suggest that strengthening CPO on the board is necessary for the performance of co-operatives, and that shared leadership is an important medium for linking CPO to performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2013

A probabilistic assessment code, PRO-LOCA ver. 3.7 which was developed in an international co-operative research program, PARTRIDGE was evaluated by conducting sensitivity analysis. The effect of some variables such as simulation methods (adaptive sampling, iteration numbers, weld residual stress model), crack features(Poisson's arrival rate, maximum numbers of cracks, initial flaw size, fabrication flaws), operating and loading conditions(temperature, primary bending stress, earthquake strength and frequency), and inspection model(inspection intervals, detectable leak rate) on the failure probabilities of a surge line nozzle was investigated. The results of sensitivity analysis shows the remaining problems of the PRO-LOCA code such as the instability of adaptive sampling and unexpected trend of failure probabilities at an early stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2006

The first packaging of Korean market milk dates back to July 1937 when Seoul Dairy Co-operative (Kyung Seong Dairy Co-operative in those days) used 1 hob (180 ml) glass bottles with either paper caps or cork caps. During 1945-1972, 2 hob (360 ml) glass bottles were produced, and iron caps and egret-shaped plastic film replaced the previously used caps. When there were insufficient numbers of milk bottles, other glass bottles such as soda drink bottles and beer bottles were used instead. Seoul Dairy Co-operative was the only dairy company existing in Korea until Nam Yang Dairy Co. Ltd was founded in March 1964, followed by Hae Tae Dairy Co. Ltd(Tae Han Food Public Corporation in those days) in 1969 and Mae-il Dairy Co. Ltd (Korea Dairy Company in those days) in May 1971. As many other dairy companies along with the above-mentioned companies were established, a variety of dairy products were packaged and marketed. In 1971 Seoul Dairy Co-operative first used triangular-shaped polyethylene film wrappers, and in 1972 Nam Yang Diary was the first company importing sterilized Tetra pak for the packaging of milk. Since 1974 rectangular shaped polyethylene film wrappers and plastic bottles were used. In 1977 the gable top carton pack made of paper was first introduced by Seo Joo Industry Co. Ltd, and its market share increased rapidly with gradual increase in its volume, from 180ml to 200ml, to 250ml, to 500ml and finally to 1,000ml, causing change in the volume of milk consumption. And in Sep. 1987 Pasteur market milk Co. Ltd. first used round type high density polyethylene bottle(body) with low density polyethylene cap of 245g, 490g and 980g volumes respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.508-511
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we propose software architecture for conveying contents-based OpenSound Control (OSC) packet from manipulation user interface to cooperative remote multi-robots. The Flash application is used as a controlling user interface and the physical prototyping of multi-robots were developed using physical prototyping toolkit.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.35-53
• /
• 2013

This paper aims to describe how knowledge management could be put into practice in a voluntary way. From a practice-based standpoint, this study focused closely on the linkage between knowledge and practice. It is because knowledge management could fail if not put into practice. Using its own information system, iCOOP, a federation of consumers' co-operatives in Korea has been practised successful knowledge management voluntarily with its members. Based on the exploratory case study on iCOOP, this study conducted focused interviews with 5 member co-operatives of iCOOP. Main findings are as follows. First, an NoP emerges within a corporate information system when corporate work processes are concentrated in the information system. Second, corporate information system facilitates CoPs and the NoP when its information and information about its users are opened to all of the information system users. In conclusion, this study points out that it is not the matter of primary importance to build a knowledge management system. Rather, practice has the key to the successful knowledge management.

• Korean Membrane Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2006

The production of CO-free hydrogen streams for feeding PEM-Fuel Cells using catalytic zeolite membrane reactors was analysed by means of selective oxidation. Tubular FAU (Na-Y) zeolite membranes, prepared by a secondary growth method and Pt-loaded, were used in a flow-through MR configuration. The catalytic tests were carried out at $200^{\circ}C$ and at different pressures with a simulated dry reformate shifted gas mixture ($H_2$ ca. 60%, CO 1 %, plus $O_2,\;N_2,\;CO_2$). The operative $O_2/CO$ stoichiometric equivalent feed ratio was ${\lambda}= 2$. These catalytic tests, reducing the CO concentration down to $10{\sim}50$ ppm, verified the possibility of MR integration after using a low temperature water-gas shift unit of a fuel processor to convert hydrocarbons into hydrogen-rich gas.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.16 no.1_2
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 1973

The utilization of acetate by Dunaliella tertiolecta was examined, and the detections and assays of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate pathway were described. Acetate could not be utilized as a sole carbon source for the growth. The carboxyl carbon of acetate was incorporated more rapidly into CO2 than the methyl carbon. It was identified that malate, succinate, citrate and etc., were accumulated whne [U-14C] acetate was supplied to the cell free homogenate. The following enzyme activities were measured; acetothiokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase and aconitase. Though isocitratase, malate synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase could not be detected, 14C from succinate was easily contributed to CO2 and cell component. The evidence suggested that the glyoxylate pathway was not operative and showed that the TCA cycle was the all important pathway in the oxidation of acetate to CO2 in Dunaliella.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 2017

The object of the present paper is to study generalized Z-recurrent manifolds. Some geometric properties of generalized Z-recurrent manifolds have been studied under certain curvature conditions. Finally, we give an example of a generalized Z-recurrent manifold.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.191-198
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of viewing satisfaction on the reuse intention according to organizational competence. The results of the empirical analysis were as follows. First, satisfaction of visitors to culture and arts cooperative was found to affect re - use intention. Second, the organizational capacity of culture and arts co - operative association was found to affect re - use intention. Third, it was found that the satisfaction of audience of culture - arts co - operative association influenced re - use intention according to organizational capacity. Therefore, this study confirms the influence on the audience satisfaction and re - use intention of the culture - art cooperative association, and it is meaningful to provide the theoretical implication by confirming that the organizational capacity also has an influence on the re - use intention.