• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.320-333
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• 2019

Objective: The Shanghai Holstein cattle breed is susceptible to severe mastitis and other diseases due to the hot weather and long-term humidity in Shanghai, which is the main distribution centre for providing Holstein semen to various farms throughout China. Our objective was to determine the genetic mechanisms influencing economically important traits, especially diseases that have huge impact on the yield and quality of milk as well as reproduction. Methods: In our study, we detected the structural variations of 1,092 Shanghai Holstein cows by using next-generation sequencing. We used the DELLY software to identify deletions and insertions, cn.MOPS to identify copy-number variants (CNVs). Furthermore, we annotated these structural variations using different bioinformatics tools, such as gene ontology, cattle quantitative trait locus (QTL) database and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Results: The average number of high-quality reads was 3,046,279. After filtering, a total of 16,831 deletions, 12,735 insertions and 490 CNVs were identified. The annotation results showed that these mapped genes were significantly enriched for specific biological functions, such as disease and reproduction. In addition, the enrichment results based on the cattle QTL database showed that the number of variants related to milk and reproduction was higher than the number of variants related to other traits. IPA core analysis found that the structural variations were related to reproduction, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. According to the functional analysis, structural variations were important factors affecting the variation of different traits in Shanghai Holstein cattle. Our results provide meaningful information about structural variations, which may be useful in future assessments of the associations between variations and important phenotypes in Shanghai Holstein cattle. Conclusion: Structural variations identified in this study were extremely different from those of previous studies. Many structural variations were found to be associated with mastitis and reproductive system diseases; these results are in accordance with the characteristics of the environment that Shanghai Holstein cattle experience.

• 멤브레인
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2022

재생에너지의 보급과 기후변화를 대응하기 위한 해결책으로 수소에너지에 대한 관심이 늘어나고 있다. 수소는 미이용 전력을 대용량 장주기로 저장하기에 가장 적합한 수단이며 이러한 수소를 생산하는 기술 중 수전해는 물에 전기에너지를 인가하여 수소를 생산하는 친환경적 수소생산 기술로 알려져 있다. 수전해의 구성 요소 중 분리막은 음극과 양극을 물리적으로 분리할 뿐만 아니라 생성되는 수소와 산소의 섞임 현상을 방지하며 이온의 전달을 가능하게 하는 복합적인 역할을 수행한다. 특히 기존의 수전해 기술들의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 차세대 음이온 교환막 수전해에서의 핵심은 우수한 음이온 교환막을 확보하는 것이다. 높은 이온 전도성과 알칼리 환경에서 우수한 내구성을 동시에 가지려는 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있으며 다양한 소재에 대한 탐색이 이루어지고 있다. 본 총설에서는 상용 블록 공중합체인 Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS)를 기반으로 하는 음이온 교환막에 대한 연구에 대해 살펴보며 최신 연구 동향과 앞으로 나아가야할 점에 대해 논하고자 한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2011

Solid dispersion is one of well-established pharmaceutical techniques to improve the dissolution and consequent bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. It is defined as a dispersion of drug in an inert carrier matrix. Solid dispersions can be classified into three generations according to the carrier used in the system. First and second generations consist of crystalline and amorphous substances, respectively. Third generation carriers are surfactant, mixture of polymer and surfactants, and mixture of polymers. Solid dispersions can be generallyprepared by melting method and solvent method. While melting method requires high temperature to melt carrier and dissolve drug, solvent method utilizes solvent to dissolve the components. The improvement in dissolution through solid dispersions is attributed to reduction in drug particle size, improvement in wettability, and/or formation of amorphous state. The primary characteristics of solid dispersions, the presenceof drug in amorphous state, could be determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In spite of the significant improvement in dissolution by solid dispersion technique, some drawbacks have limited the commercial application of solid dispersions. Thus, further studies should be conducted in a direction to improve the congeniality to commercialization.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2001년도 Proceedings ICPE 01 2001 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.683-686
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• 2001

This paper presents a novel prototype of the utility­interactive voltage source type sinewave pulse modulated power inverter using a high-frequency flyback transformer link. The proposed power conditioner circuit for the solar photovoltaic generation and small scale fuel cell has an isolation function due to the safety of the power processing system, which is more cost effective and acceptable for the small-scale distributed renewal energy conditioning and processing systems. The discontinuous current mode(DCM) of this power processing conversion circuit is applied to implement a simple circuit topology and pulse modulated control scheme. Its operation principle is described on the basis of simulation evaluations and theoretical considerations. The simulation results obtained herein prove that the proposed inverter outputs with sinusoidal waveforms and unity power factor currents are synchronized to the main voltage in utility power source grid. In this paper, the soft switching topology of high­frequency linked sinewave pulse modulation inverter is proposed and discussed.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.633-642
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• 2018

태양광발전소는 급속한 보급을 거듭하며 민간 중심의 부동산 개발과 함께 건물의 부대시설 및 토지, 산악지역과 염전 부지 등 다양한 형태로 수익화 운영을 지속하고 있다. 최근의 태양광발전소는 발전단가의 하락에도 불구하고 주요 설비의 가격 대중화와 기술의 안정화로 발전소 구축이 다시 활발해지고 있다. 그러나 시공에 대한 비용투자와 발전소 운영 수익의 손익분기를 바탕으로 전통적인 부동산 자산 운용과의 수익성 비교검토는 부족한 실정으로 본 논문에서는 부동산 자산운용의 보편화된 형태로 오피스텔과 상가 투자를 바탕으로 태양광 발전시스템의 경제성을 분석하기 위한 검토와 연구를 진행 하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Recent development of lithium ion batteries for vehicles industries have led to a boom in lithium exploration and development for the new generation of batteries. One of the cheapest sources of lithium is the brines hosted in the aquifers of the arid intermontane-closed salar basins. Because the resource is a fluid, with the attendant problems of in-aquifer mixing, reorganization, and lower recovery factors compared with most metalliferous and industrial mineral deposits due to reliance on pumping of the brine from wells for extraction, existing codes for filing resource and reserve estimates require new approach for these prospects. Evaluation of brine resources is complex and requires participation of a variety of qualified experts such as hydrogeologists, geologists, geochemists and chemical engineers. The technical reports disclosing the results of these estimates should reflect the inputs of multi-disciplinary approaches. The requirements for brine resource and reserve evaluation, drawing on several examples from the experiences in the Central Andes are reviewed in this paper.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.274-284
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• 2016

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources on the distribution networks have brought a number of technical impacts where voltage and thermal variations have been identified as the dominant effects. Active network management in distribution networks aims to integrate distributed energy resources with flexible network management so that distributed energy resources are organized to make better use of existing capacity and infrastructure. This paper propose active solutions which aims to solve the voltage and thermal issues in a distributed manner utilizing a collaborative approach. The proposed algorithms have been fully tested on a distribution network with distributed generation units.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1044-1050
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• 2008

Most of developed countries, the consumption of fossil fuels has been serious problems that cause serious environment pollution like acid rain, global warming. Also, we have faced that limitation fossil fuels will be exhausted. Currently, small hydropower attracts attention because of its small, clean, renewable, and abundant energy resources to develop. By using a small hydropower generator of which main concept is based on using the different water pressure levels in pipe lines, energy which was initially wasted by use of a reducing valve at the end of the pipeline, is collected by turbine in the hydropower generator. A propeller shaped hydroturbine has been used in order to use this renewable pressure energy. In this study, in order to acquire basic design data of tubular type hydraulic turbine, output power, head, efficiency characteristics due to the flow coefficient are examined in detail. Tubular-turbine among small hydraulic power generation can be used at low-head. The purpose of this study is to research turbine's efficiency due to runner vane angle using CFD analysis.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2016

Composite materials consisting of pure aluminum matrix reinforced with different amounts of graphite particles are successfully fabricated by mechanical ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS) processes. The shrinkage rates of the composite powders vary with the amount of graphite particles and the lowest shrinkage value is observed for the composite with the highest amount of graphite particles. The current slopes of time increase with increase in the amount of graphite particles whereas the current slopes of temperature show the opposite trend. The highest thermal conductivity is achieved for the composite with the least amount of graphite particles. Therefore, the thermal properties of the composite materials can be controlled by controlling the amount of the graphite particles during the SPS process.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2001

Optical disk drive has excellent advantage of random accessibility of which performance is measured by access time. However, due to the increased rotational velocity of the disk and constraints of mechanical structure, two-stage seek algorithm which executes coarse and fine seeks sequentially has been adopted in most commercial optical disk drives. Although the laser spot is moved to a target track by a single seek operation, the limited operation range of the fine actuator restricts the application of the fine seek algorithm below a few hundreds of tracks. Especially, excessive movement of the objective lens causes a failure in generation of track-cross pulse and results in an unstable seek operation. In this paper, a new control algorithm for extending the fine seek range is proposed with an appropriate control structure. The coarse actuator is utilized to reduce the misalignment between the objective lens and the laser beam axis, and the fine actuator is controlled to follow the reference velocity trajectory. The proposed algorithm is applied to a CD-ROM drive to show its feasibility and some experimental results are presented.