• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2001

This paper describes the smoke filling process of a fire field model based on a self-developed SMEP (Smoke Movement Estimating Program) codo to the simulation of fire induced flows in the atrium space (SIVANS atrium at Japan) containing smoke radiation effect. The SMEP using PISO algorithm solves conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and species, together with those for the modified k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model with buoyancy term. Also it solves the radiation equation using the discrete ordinates method. The result of the calculated smoke temperature containing radiation effect has shown a better prediction than the result calculated by only convection effect in comparison with the experimental data. This seems to come from the radiation effect of $H_2$O and $CO_2$ gas under smoke productions. Thus, the consideration of the radiation effect under smoke in fire should be necessary in order to get more realistic result. Also the numerical results indicated that the smoke layer is developing at a rate of about 0.1 m/s. It would take about 450 seconds after starting the ultra fast fire of 560 kW that the smoke layer move down to 1.5m above the escape level.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

The platform screen door(PSD) is installed in the station of the Seoul Metro 9th line for passengers' safety and comfortable environment of the station. The track way exhaust system(TES) is also operated with PSD to exhaust heat released from train. TES can also be used for the purpose of the heat and smoke control in an emergency case of the carriage fire. When the fire is occurred, operation of TES is switched to the smoke exhaust mode form its normal ventilation mode. In the present study, a subway station of Seoul Metro 9th line is modeled, and a 3-D CFD simulation is performed to investigate effectiveness of designed TES in case of fire. A scenario that a train under fire is arriving the station is simulated for several possible operation modes of the TES using moving mesh technique. As a result, temperature and CO concentration distribution in the station is obtained for each operation modes of TES. The effectiveness of TES operation in case of fire is also discussed.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.404-409
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• 2007

Polyurethane nanocomposites with inorganic nano fillers for the improvement thermal stability were prepared by the urethane reaction. Fire retardation properties of polyurethane nanocomposites were investigated by cone calorimeter and limited oxygen index (LOI). Maximum heat release rate of MMT-PU and $Bi_2O_3-PU$ polyurethane nanocomposites were decreased as 50% than polyurethane matrix and fire retardation properties of $MMT/Bi_2O_3-PU$ nanocomposte had the best improvement. The LOI of polyurethane nanocomposites also were improved as filling fillers in the nanocomposites over 20. The maximum heat release rates of MMT-PU, $Bi_2O_3-PU\;and\;MMT/Bi_2O_3-PU$ polyurethane nanocomposites were 764, 707, $635kW/m^2$, respectively and $MMT/Bi_2O_3-PU$ polyurethane nanocomposite exhibited the highest value of fire-retardant. We confirmed that polyurethane nanocomposites improved the fire retardation properties.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

This study is to check waterproof by number of twists of fire hose and measure the first waterproof time to analyze the relationship between twists of fire hose and first waterproof time and waterproof by position of twists so as to suggest the efficient plan to prevent twists of fire hose. Ordinary fire hose did not make waterproof in case that position of twists was near the nozzle with twists 5 times or more, while anti-twist fire hose had no problem for waterproof only with delayed time. Like ordinary fire hose, anti-twist fire hose also showed the tendency to increase the waterproof time in proportion to the number of twists. In case that the position of twists was near waterproof port even with 10 times of twists in anti-twist fire hose, the first waterproof time was increase by 0.63 seconds on average without any problem for waterproof, which was somewhat faster than that in ordinary fire hose. With respect to the position of twists, waterproof of anti-twist fire hose was affected more as the number of twists was increased more near the nozzle rather than near the waterproof port, like ordinary fire hose. In summary, anti-twist fire hose equipped with anti-twist tool at the middle connection port and the nozzle showed a good waterproof performance with delayed waterproof time regardless of number of twists, as a solution for the twist problem of ordinary fire hose.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 2009

In this study, we considered the combustion of the various herbs in youngdong areas such as festuca ovina, isodeon japonicus, oplismenus undulatifolius, pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense using the ignition temperature tester, cone calorimeter, smoke density chamber. We confirmed that the range of ignition temperature was $400{\sim}455^{\circ}C$ and the time to ignition and flameout were not recorded. The total heat release of isodeon japonicus was highest and the smoke release of festuca ovina was highest, and the yield of CO and $CO_2$ of pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense were highest among the samples. As a result, we concluded that isodeon japonicus will impact the fire intensity and fire spread and festuca ovina, pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense will influence the refuge.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibilities of blending carbon black, which is known for its permeability as well as its strong heat and fire resistance, into concrete, in a manner that reinforces its strengths mentioned above. Experiments show that in non-solidified, fresh-mixed concrete, the addition of carbon black effectively reduced slump level and air content due to its absorptiveness and minute particle size. It also showed good results in terms of coagulation time, penetration resistance and bleeding level. In solid concrete, it showed better strength than plain concrete. Due to the pozzolanic reaction, its strength became more pronounced over time. At approximately 850 degrees Celsius, the heat and fire resistance level increased in parallel to the level of chemical substitution (by carbon black). Drying shrinkage level appeared to be optimal, and environmental assessment test results related to CO, CO2 and formaldehyde also scored better than plain concrete. In summary, with the appropriate use of AE water-reducing agents, carbon black can prove to be a strong candidate as an ingredient for industry-grade concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.138-144
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.233-241
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.311-319
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• 2001

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1685-1688
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• 2004

I propose a modeling of a mechanism for weight fire uniformity measurement of a tire and a way I interpret a Sampling signal by Loadcell through an analysis, and to measure fire uniformity in this study. Correct a weight fire uniformity measurement was possible through the production of conversion and influence factor of a signal with a basis with the model who was an oscillation mechanics enemy.