• 제목/요약/키워드: Co-existence

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슈나유저 개의 소장에 샘암종과 평활근육종의 동시 발생 1례 (Co-existence of Intestinal Adenocarcinoma and Leiomyosarcoma in a Schnauzer Dog)

  • 양철호;나세원;한재익;박희명
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2016
  • A 7-year-old castrated male Schnauzer was presented with melena and inappetence. Laboratory examination revealed mild anemia. Abdominal ultrasonography showed abnormal enlargement of intestinal segment and a oval mass with soft tissue density. After surgical resection of the enlarged intestine including the mass, histopathologic examination showed that the mass was tentatively diagnosed as synchronous occurrence of gland cell- and mesenchymal cell-origin tumors. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry showed positivity to cytokeratin AE1/AE3 in the gland cells and positivity to ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle-specific actin, but negative expression of c-Kit, suggesting the co-existence of adenocarcinoma and leiomyosarcoma. Follow-up examination after 3-year of the surgery confirmed that the dog remained healthy and did not show recurrence of the tumors.

개화기(開化期) 서울에서 양식적 건축 요소를 차용한 절충적 한옥(韓屋)의 입면에 관한 연구 (A Study of Hybrid Characteristics in Architectural Elevations Seoul, between 1876 and 1905)

  • 김정인
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.11-24
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    • 2015
  • There have not been many debates on the subject of Korean architecture during the transformative period of Gae Wha Gi (開化期: Enlightenment Period of Korea), when Western-style buildings first appeared in Seoul. This study begins by finding and recording those buildings in Seoul that show the gradual adoption and appropriation of Western architectural elements at the turn of the 20th century. By exploring the confluence of two different architectural styles, this paper attempts to look carefully at the hybrid conditions that resulted from encounters between the Koreans and the Westerners in the late 19th and early 20th century. Beginning with discovering the first products of the Western architectural influence in Seoul, this study explores the uneasy co-existence between the traditional Korean architectural style, and the Western architectural style. This co-existence ultimately bred new building techniques, and interior layouts; the appearance of these hybrid buildings illustrate the gradual transition from the traditional way, in which users modified, combined and appropriated various elements from both styles. Analyzing historical documents and photos, this study tries to capture a detailed image of the period when the influence of the Western architecture had an unavoidable impact and brought change to the traditional architecture of Korea.

Is Economic Globalization Destructive to Air Quality? Empirical Evidence from China

  • GURBUZ, Eren Can
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제9권10호
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    • pp.15-27
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    • 2022
  • Recently, as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have increased overall and contributed to air pollution, and awareness of environmental degradation has grown. This study examines the impacts and causalities of economic globalization, economic growth, energy consumption, and capital formation on CO2 emissions in China over the period 1971-2014. The vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality test on time-series data are employed to observe the interactions between CO2 emission, economic globalization, and various economic factors, including economic growth, energy consumption, and capital formation, since China's early stage of globalization. The empirical results indicate the existence of bidirectional causalities from economic growth, gross capital formation, economic globalization, and CO2 emission to energy consumption, and bidirectional casualty from energy consumption to CO2 emission relationships in the short run. The findings of this study suggest that indirect bidirectional causalities from economic growth, economic globalization, and capital formation to CO2 emission through energy consumption are observed. Moreover, economic globalization accelerates CO2 emission in the short run but decreases it in the long run. To reduce CO2 emissions, and to ensure sustainable economic growth and economic globalization progress, some crucial energy-saving and energy-efficiency policies, regulatory rules, and laws are recommended.

Interference Avoidance through Pilot-Based Spectrum Sensing Algorithm in Overlaid Femtocell Networks

  • Sambanthan, Padmapriya;Muthu, Tamilarasi
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.30-40
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    • 2016
  • Co-channel interference between macro-femtocell networks is an unresolved problem, due to the frequency reuse phenomenon. To mitigate such interference, a secondary femtocell must acquire channel-state knowledge about a co-channel macrocell user and accordingly condition the maximum transmit power of femtocell user. This paper proposes a pilot-based spectrum sensing (PSS) algorithm for overlaid femtocell networks to sense the presence of a macrocell user over a channel of interest. The PSS algorithm senses the pilot tones in the received signal through the power level and the correlation metric comparisons between the received signal and the local reference pilots. On ensuring the existence of a co-channel macrocell user, the maximum transmit power of the corresponding femtocell user is optimized so as to avoid interference. Time and frequency offsets are carefully handled in our proposal. Simulation results show that the PSS algorithm outperforms existing sensing techniques, even at poor received signal quality. It requires less sensing time and provides better detection probability over existing techniques.

Tribological performance of a sputtered $MoS_2$ film having an oxidized surface layer

  • Suzuki, M.;Shimizu, S.
    • 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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    • pp.151-152
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    • 2002
  • An oxidized surface layer was intentionally formed on a sputtered $MoS_2$ film by introducing oxygen gas in the final stage of sputtering process. The film showed longer life than the normal Ar-sputtered film when the surface layer was slightly oxidized. A XPS analysis revealed co-existence of $MoS_2$ and $MoO_3$ in the surface layer. suggesting that the existence of some amount of oxides in the surface layer had beneficial effect. A confusing result was obtained: the life was much shorter than normal Ar-sputtered film when the film was exposed to $O_2$ environment for 1 minute after normal Ar-sputtering, although almost no oxide was detected in XPS analysis.

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원형강관을 이용한 철근콘크리트 다공보의 구조적 특성에 관한 연구 (A study on the Structural Properties of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Multiple Openings using Circular Steel Tube)

  • 최진영;임병호;박정민;김화중
    • 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.701-706
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    • 2001
  • This study is aimed to investigate on the structural properties(like as strength, failure mode, ductility) of beams with multiple openings reinforced with steel tube of circular. The main parameters are follows ;1)location of openings, 2)the number of opening, 3) existence of opening or not. When the locations of opening are respectively maximal moment zone, maximal shear zone, co-existence zone of moment and shear, the specimen with opening at maximal moment zone is not less than that without opening in terms of strength and ductility. The specimens with opening at shear zone and both zones are expected to carry the structural performance corresponding to beam without opening by varying the number and reinforcing method of opening.

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드론원격정보를 활용한 저수지 수생식물 분포 파악: 경북 문천저수지에서의 적용 예 (Identification of Aquatic Plants in the Muncheon Water Reservoir Using Drone-based Information)

  • 이근상;김성욱;이길하
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.685-689
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    • 2017
  • Aquatic plants serve the crucial function of helping to balance water reservoir ecosystem, as they filter and remove major minerals required for algal growth such as nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrates. Aquatic plants provide food, shade, and protection for the aquatic biome in and around the reservoir. Thus, it is important to accurately determine the existence and areal extent of the aquatic plants. In the present study drone-based facilities were used for this purpose. In the Muncheon water reservoir, Gyeongbuk, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Surface Algal Bloom Index (SABI) were used to determine the existence status of the aquatic plants. The data so obtained exhibited reasonable accuracy; drone-based facilities can be used in future to identify the areal extent of aquatic plants.

폐리튬이온전지로부터 유가금속을 회수하기 위한 암모니아 침출법 (Ammoniacal Leaching for Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-ion Battery Materials)

  • 구희숙;정여진;강가희;김송이;김수경;양동효;이강인;손정수;권경중
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 2015
  • 전기자동차의 수요가 증가함에 따라 리튬이온전지의 생산량도 증가하여 효율적인 전지 재활용 기술이 요구된다. 폐리튬이온전지를 재활용하는 방법에는 크게 건식제련과 습식제련에 기반한 방법으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 하이브리드 자동차에 사용된 폐리튬이온전지의 양극활물질을 습식제련에 기반한 암모니아침출법을 이용하여 활물질 내의 유용금속인 Ni, Mn, Co의 침출거동을 조사하였다. 물리적으로 처리된 활물질의 입자크기는 -65 mesh이며, 주된 원소는 14.0 wt% Ni, 13.0 wt% Mn, 5.7 wt% Co이다. 암모니아, 환원제 (아황산암모늄), pH 완충제 (탄산암모늄 혹은 황산암모늄)의 존재하에 각 금속의 침출거동을 확인하고, 또한 침출시간과 온도에 따른 침출률의 영향도 조사하였다. 환원제의 존재는 Ni과 Co의 침출률 향상을 위해 필수적이다. 암모니아침출법은 산침출법과 달리 Ni/Co와 Mn의 선택적인 침출이 가능하여 침출된 유용금속을 분리하는 단계를 줄일 수 있고, 산침출 후 수반되는 침전과정 시 필요로 하는 추가 염기성 시약의 사용을 줄일 수 있다.

비면허 기기 간 주파수 공동사용을 위한 MAC 계층 기반의 간섭 분석 및 간섭 완화 정책 (Interference Analysis and Its Mitigation Policy Based on MAC Layer for Peaceful Co-Existence between Unlicensed Devices)

  • 장병준;최선웅;윤현구
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제24권8호
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    • pp.841-848
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    • 2013
  • 이기종 비면허 기기들이 동일한 주파수 대역을 공동으로 사용하기 위해서는 상호 간 주파수 간섭을 최소화할 수 있는 정책적 배려가 필요하다. 이 때 비면허 기기 간 주파수 간섭의 영향은 분석 계층에 따라 그 결과가 달라질 수 있으므로 정확한 주파수 간섭 분석이 관련 정책을 만들기 전에 선행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 현재 주파수 간섭 이슈가 활발히 논의되고 있는 2.4 GHz ISM 대역을 공동 사용하고 있는 WLAN과 WPAN 시스템 간의 주파수 간섭 영향을 물리 계층과 MAC 계층에서 각각 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 물리 계층보다는 MAC 계층을 고려한 주파수 간섭 분석이 간섭실험 결과에 더 근접함을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 향후 비면허 기기 간 주파수 공동 사용을 위해 MAC 계층에서의 새로운 공동 사용 조건 등 간섭 완화 정책을 제안하였다.

A molecular investigation of Saccharina sessilis from the Aleutian Islands reveals a species complex, necessitating the new combination Saccharina subsessilis

  • Starko, Samuel;Boo, Ga Hun;Martone, Patrick T.;Lindstrom, Sandra C.
    • ALGAE
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2018
  • Cryptic species complexes are increasingly recognized in phycological research, obscuring taxonomy and raising questions about factors influencing speciation. A recent exploration of kelp genetic diversity on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia revealed the existence of a new species, Saccharina druehlii, which is cryptic with Saccharina sessilis. This suggests that molecular investigations further north may be required to elucidate the taxonomy and evolutionary history of this lineage. Although, for several decades, S. sessilis was considered a single highly variable species, its taxonomy has been far from straightforward. In particular, Hedophyllum subsessile (Areschoug) Setchell is now recognized as a synonym of S. sessilis in North America, but as a growth form of Saccharina bongardiana in Far East Russia. To resolve this taxonomic confusion, we sequenced mitochondrial (CO1-5P) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) markers of S. sessilis populations from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Interestingly, none of our sequences matched S. sessilis sensu stricto. Instead, CO1-5P sequences from populations in the central and eastern Aleutians matched exactly S. druehlii with increasing sequence divergence occurring westward. Samples from Attu, the western-most island, composed a genetic group that clearly represents Kjellman's concept of Hafgygia bongardiana f. subsessilis and is distinct enough from S. druehlii and S. sessilis to potentially constitute a distinct species. Therefore, Saccharina subsessilis comb. nov. is proposed for this entity. Our results suggest the existence of a species complex at the crown node of S. sessilis and thus further investigation of Saccharina in Alaskan waters should be conducted to reconstruct the evolutionary history of this fascinating lineage.