• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2013

This study investigated the geographic and pairwise distances of nine Chinese local Cashmere goat populations through the analysis of 20 microsatellite DNA markers. Fluorescence PCR was used to identify the markers, which were selected based on their significance as identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). In total, 206 alleles were detected; the average allele number was 10.30; the polymorphism information content of loci ranged from 0.5213 to 0.7582; the number of effective alleles ranged from 4.0484 to 4.6178; the observed heterozygosity was from 0.5023 to 0.5602 for the practical sample; the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.5783 to 0.6464; and Allelic richness ranged from 4.7551 to 8.0693. These results indicated that Chinese Cashmere goat populations exhibited rich genetic diversity. Further, the Wright's F-statistics of subpopulation within total (FST) was 0.1184; the genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) was 0.0940; and the average gene flow (Nm) was 2.0415. All pairwise FST values among the populations were highly significant (p<0.01 or p<0.001), suggesting that the populations studied should all be considered to be separate breeds. Finally, the clustering analysis divided the Chinese Cashmere goat populations into at least four clusters, with the Hexi and Yashan goat populations alone in one cluster. These results have provided useful, practical, and important information for the future of Chinese Cashmere goat breeding.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1999

Cardiac disease is one of the leading causes of death in Korea. In quantitative analysis of cardiac function and morphological information by three-dimensional reconstruction of magnetic resonance images, left ventricle provides an important role functionally and physiologically. However, existing procedures mostly rely on the extensive human interaction and are seldom evaluated on clinical applications. In this study, we developed a system which could perform automatic extraction of enpicardial and endocardial contour and analysis of cardiac function to evaluate reliability and stability of each system comparing with the result of ARGUS system offered 1.5T Siemens MRI system and manual method performed by clinicians. For various aspects, we investigated reliability of each system by compared with left ventricular contour, end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stock volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO) and wall thickness (WT). When comparing with manual method, extracted results of developed process using minimum error threshold (MET) method that automatically extracts contour from cardiac MR images and ARGUS system were demonstrated as successful rate 90% of the contour extraction. When calculating cardiac function parameters using MET and comparing with using correlation coefficients analysis method, the process extracts endocardial and epicardial contour using MET, values from automatic and ARGUS method agreed with manual values within :t 3% average error. It was successfully demonstrated that automatic method using threshold technique could provide high potential for assessing of each parameters with relatively high reliability compared with manual method. In this study, the method developed in this study could reduce processing time compared with ARGUS and manual method due to a simple threshold technique. This method is useful for diagnosis of cardiac disease, simulating physiological function and amount of blood flow of left ventricle. In addition, this method could be valuable in developing automatic systems in order to apply to other deformable image models.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.929-941
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 하수관망과 하천을 포함하는 복잡한 토지이용으로 구성된 도시유역으로서는 비교적 유역면적이 큰 유역의 홍수예보모형으로 수문모형과 수리모형을 연계하는 방법을 제안하고, 이를 유역면적이 약 $300km^2$에 해당하는 중랑천 유역에 적용하여 적용 가능성을 평가하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 수문모형으로는 SWMM과 수리모형으로서는 HEC-RAS 모형을 선정하였으며, 적용대상유역인 중랑천 유역은 25개의 소유역으로 구분되었다. SWMM모형은 각 소배수구역의 지표흐름 및 하수관망 흐름 해석을 수행하며, HEC-RAS 모형은 하천에서의 부정류 흐름 해석을 수행하였다. 또한, 이들 각 모형의 입출력과 모형의 원활한 연계운영 및 효과적인 결과 표출을 위하여 GUI 시스템을 구축하였다. 구축된 시스템은 적용대상지역의 실측자료를 이용하여 모형 매개변수를 추정하였으며, 또한 모형의 적용성을 검증하였다. 적용대상지역의 주요 두 지점에 대해 모형의 적용성을 검토한 결과, 상관계수는 0.82-0.98, 모형 효율성 계수는 0.60-0.92의 범위를 나타내었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 맨홀의 초과유출과 하천 종 횡 단면의 수면곡선으로 맨홀 월류로 인한 내수침수 및 하천저수호안의 예측 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 시스템은 중규모 이상 대규모 도시유역의 홍수예보 수문모형으로 활용 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2014

일반사출성형은 공정 중 보압단계에서 캐비티에 높은 압력이 작용하여 성형품에 큰 잔류응력이 남게 된다. 또한 캐비티 내 위치 별로 압력분포가 달라 균일한 물성의 제품을 얻는데 한계가 있다. 다수 개 빼기 일반사출성형에서는 캐비티간 충전 불균형이 일어나 캐비티간 품질의 편차를 일으킨다. 이와 같은 한계를 극복하기 위해 사출압축성형 공정을 사용하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 다수 개 캐비티를 갖는 금형을 이용하여 일반사출성형과 사출압축성형을 비교 분석하였다. 실험과 해석을 통하여 연구를 수행하였으며 투명한 수지인 PC와 PS를 이용하여 시편에 나타나는 복굴절을 관찰하여 일반사출성형과 사출압축성형에서 나타나는 성형특성을 비교하였다. 연구결과, 사출 압축성형으로 제작된 시편에서 캐비티 내의 압력이 균일하여 복굴절과 성형수축률이 낮고 균일하게 나타났다. 그리고 일반사출성형에서 나타나는 캐비티간 충전 불균형에 의한 캐비티간 물성의 편차가 사출압축성형에서는 크게 줄어들었다. 본 연구를 통하여 사출압축성형은 다수 개 빼기 사출성형에서 캐비티 내 균일한 물성확보뿐만 아니라 캐비티간 품질 불균형을 해소하는데 유용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.765-771
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• 2019

기존 한식기와에서 요구되는 강도, 흡수율, 내동해성 등은 유지하면서 지붕 하중을 대폭 줄일 수 있는 새로운 한식기와가 개발되었다. 물막이 턱과, 유속을 빠르게 하는 음각유로를 이용하여 기와 사이의 틈으로 유입되는 빗물을 방지할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 새로 개발된 한식기와는 빗물 역류 방지 능력이 있으므로 지붕에 흙이 필요 없는 건식시공이 가능하다. 새로 개발된 기와를 이용한 건식시공 한옥지붕은 흙을 필요로 하는 기존의 습식시공 한옥지붕에 비하여 지붕 중량이 약 80% 이상 감소될 수 있다. 건평 30평인 전통한옥의 경우 신형 한식기와 사용 시 지붕 중량이 약 135톤에서 약 24톤으로 줄어든다. 제작된 신형 한식기와의 물성은 KS 규격을 만족하였으며, 기와 1개당 중량은 기존 기와보다 30% 이상 가볍고, 신형 한식기와로 지어진 지붕은 우리나라의 강수량 기록을 60% 이상 넘어서는 200mm/h강수량과 풍속 17m/s의 태풍급 폭풍우에서도 물이 새지 않는 우수한 배수성을 보였다. 중량감소 효과와 우수한 배수성 이외에도, 새로 개발된 한식기와는 경제성, 효율성, 작업 편의성, 유지보수, 내진성 등에서 기존 한식기와에 비하여 우수한 장점이 있다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.100-110
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a comprehensive diagnosis of yin-deficiency and heart rate variability in halitosis patients. Methods: We surveyed 62 halitosis patients visiting the Halitosis Clinic in the Kyung Hee University Oriental Medicine Hospital from August 2010 to April 2011. The subjects were evaluated on self-assessed severity of halitosis and xerostomia using visual analogue scale (VAS) score and yin-deficiency condition (based on the 10-item Yin-deficiency Questionnaire). Salivary function was measured by the unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were recorded by SA-2000E (Medicore Co. Ltd., Korea). Results: There were substantial significant positive correlations between halitosis, xerostomia VAS scores and yin-deficiency scores. There was significant negative correlation between xerostomia VAS score and USFR. Compared to the normal USFR group (USFR>0.1$m{\ell}$/min), the decreased USFR group (USFR${\leq}0.1m{\ell}$/min) showed significant lower values of Total Power (TP), Lower Frequency (LF), and High frequency (HF). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the comprehensive diagnosis of yin-deficiency and HRV are useful in diagnosing of halitosis patients with xerostomia. Therefore, we assume that improvement of yin-deficiency condition can be a potentially effective way to treat halitosis with xerostomia.

• 지질공학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2013

국내 현행 지하수법에서는 오염방지 시설에 관한 개략적인 설치규정만이 설정되어 있어서 대수층의 특성을 고려하지 않은 일률적인 오염방지 시설 기준이므로 지질에 따라 다양하게 발달하는 우리나라의 지하수자원을 효과적으로 보호해 주지 못한다. 최근에는 지하수오염방지에 중요한 기술과 장치로서 패커개발이 점차 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경북 안동시 서후면, 충남 연기군의 오염된 지하수공에 대하여 하부지하수오염방지시설로서 팩커의 적합성을 검토한 결과, 그 효과는 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 연구대상지인 경북 안동시 서후면 창풍리의 경우 팩커를 시공한 결과 탁도는 94%, 연기군 남면 눌왕리의 경우 질산성 질소는 60% 감소효과를 나타내었으며, 이로 인해 모든 수질검사항목에서 적합수질을 보였다. 지하수오염방지를 위해서는 정확한 관정카메라 촬영과 오염원 모니터링 분석을 실시하고, 이에 근거하여 지질특성, 풍화대심도, 파쇄대 발달, 대수층의 수리경사, 오염물의 이동경로를 파악한 후, 통합적으로 지하수오염 가능성을 평가하고, 이를 통하여 적절한 그라우팅과 케이싱 작업이 이루어져야 한다. 유용한 대수층 구간을 확보하여 오염물을 차단하는 그라우팅, 팩커장치, 케이싱은 지하수의 활용과 오염방지에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1998년도 제14회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.77-77
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• 1998

Present silicon dioxide (SiOz) 떠m as intennetal dielectridIMD) layers will result in high parasitic c capacitance and crosstalk interference in 비gh density devices. Low dielectric materials such as f f1uorina뼈 silicon oxide(SiOF) and f1uoropolymer IMD layers have been tried to s이ve this problem. I In the SiOF ftlm, as fluorine concentration increases the dielectric constant of t뼈 film decreases but i it becomes unstable and wa않r absorptivity increases. The dielectric constant above 3.0 is obtain어 i in these ftlms. Fluoropolymers such as polyte$\sigma$따luoroethylene(PTFE) are known as low dielectric c constant (>2.0) materials. However, their $\alpha$)Or thermal stability and low adhesive fa$\pi$e have h hindered 야1리ru뚱 as IMD ma따"ials. 1 The concept of a plasma processing a찌Jaratus with 비gh density plasma at low pressure has r received much attention for deposition because films made in these plasma reactors have many a advantages such as go여 film quality and gap filling profile. High ion flux with low ion energy in m the high density plasma make the low contamination and go어 $\sigma$'Oss피lked ftlm. Especially the h helicon plasma reactor have attractive features for ftlm deposition 야~au똥 of i앙 high density plasma p production compared with other conventional type plasma soun:es. I In this pa야Jr, we present the results on the low dielectric constant fluorocarbonated-SiOF film d밑JOsited on p-Si(loo) 5 inch silicon substrates with 00% of 0dFTES gas mixture and 20% of Ar g gas in a helicon plasma reactor. High density 띠asma is generated in the conventional helicon p plasma soun:e with Nagoya type ill antenna, 5-15 MHz and 1 kW RF power, 700 Gauss of m magnetic field, and 1.5 mTorr of pressure. The electron density and temperature of the 0dFTES d discharge are measUI벼 by Langmuir probe. The relative density of radicals are measured by optic허 e emission spe따'Oscopy(OES). Chemical bonding structure 3I피 atomic concentration 따'C characterized u using fourier transform infrared(FTIR) s야3띠"Oscopy and X -ray photonelectron spl:’따'Oscopy (XPS). D Dielectric constant is measured using a metal insulator semiconductor (MIS;AVO.4 $\mu$ m thick f fIlmlp-SD s$\sigma$ucture. A chemical stoichiome$\sigma$y of 야Ie fluorocarbina$textsc{k}$영-SiOF film 따~si야영 at room temperature, which t the flow rate of Oz and FTES gas is Isccm and 6sccm, res야~tvely, is form려 야Ie SiouFo.36Co.14. A d dielec$\sigma$ic constant of this fIlm is 2.8, but the s$\alpha$'!Cimen at annealed 5OOt: is obtain려 3.24, and the s stepcoverage in the 0.4 $\mu$ m and 0.5 $\mu$ m pattern 킹'C above 92% and 91% without void, res야~tively. res야~tively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2013

Due to the stringent drinking water quality, formaldehyde will be included in Korean drinking water standard from year 2014. However, its standard analytical method has not yet been established. This study compares two analytical methods, DNPH-LC and ACFAS with respect to their analysis principles, Method Detection Limit (MDL), Limit Of Quantitation(LOQ), precision, accuracy, reproducibility, convenience, number of samples analyzed per hour and analysis cost. These methods measure absorption intensity at 360 nm by using HPLC after DNPH-derivatization (DNPH-LC) and at 410 nm by using Automated Continuous Flow Absorption Spectrophotometer (ACFAS), respectively. Reproducibility was tested by repeating the analysis 7 times using a standard solution for each method. For DNPH-LC method, MDL was $0.5{\mu}g/L$, LOQ was $1.58{\mu}g/L$ with standard deviation of $0.16{\mu}g/L$. For ACFAS method, they were $0.27{\mu}g/L$, $0.85{\mu}g/L$L with standard deviation of $0.09{\mu}g/L$, respectively. Both methods satisfied the requirement set by the Korean drinking water quality standard. Complexity of sample pretreatment procedure for DNPH-LC method may cause large error and, consequently, the analytical result will depend on the level of skill of analyst. In contrast, ACFAS method which used only one reagent equipped with an automated injection device showed little analytical error. It costs about $5.00 and $1.00 for one sample to analyze by the DNPH-LC method and the ACFAS method, respectively. Compared to the DNPH-LC method, ACFAS method provided more reliable analytical results. In terms of convenience, easiness and analytical cost, ACFAS method was demonstrated to be superior to the DNPH-LC method. The results of this study suggested that the ACFAS method could be adapted as a proper method for determining formaldehyde content in drinking water.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.287-299
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• 1994

Plasma protein which has been known as one of nonspecific immunostimulators was added to feedstuff to examine its effect on the enhancement of cellular immune response in porcine immune system. A total of 40 piglets, 20 male and 20 female each, were fed for 30 days with or without plasma protein. The peripheral blood were collected and analyzed for the investigation of leukocyte subpopulations and their activities by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific to porcine leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. The results obtained as follows. 1. Subpopulations expressing major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class I antigen were $96.2{\pm}3.1%$ and $86.6{\pm}3.8%$ in piglets fed with plasma protein and in piglets fed without plasma protein, respectively. 2. Proportion of leukocyte subpopulation expressing MHC class II antigens were significantly higher in the piglets fed with plasma protein than ones without plasma protein. The proportion was $27.6{\pm}3.6%$ and $16.6{\pm}2.2%$ in MHC class II DQ antigen, and $28.1{\pm}2.0%$ and $20.0{\pm}0.3%$ in MHC class II DR antigen, respectively. 3. A significant increase in the proportion of cells expressing poCD2 was not found in piglets fed plasma protein. 4. Proportion of subpopulation expressed porcine(Po) CD4 antigens which specific to helper T lymphocytes were not increased (18.3-19.1% vs. 25.6-28.8%), rather slightly decreased, in plasma protein-treated group. 5. The most important increase of proportion in plasma protein-treated group was the leukocyte subpopulation specific to $poCD8^+$ T cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes. The expression level was significantly higher up to 45.9-47.1% in plasma protein-treated group in comparing with 29.7-33.0% in non-plasma protein-treated group. 6. Lymphoblastogenetic responses using different concentrations of Con A mitogen and plasma protein has found that the responses of lymphocyte from piglets fed plasma protein was significantly activated (p<0.01). The activities measured by 3[H]-thymidine incorporation showed 3-6 times stronger in plasma protein-treated group than those in non-plasma protein-treated group. The study has concluded that plasma protein, which has known as a nonspecific immunostimulator, may have an immunoenhancing activities in porcine lymphoid system by increase the activated cell proportions and their blastogenetic properties which is critical to host immune responses.