• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.235-245
• /
• 2000

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate usage level of production strategies based on group of production environment, 2) to investigate usage level of production systems based on group of production strategy, and 3) to analyze each of company performance based on group of production strategy and system. For this study, the questionnaires were administered to 215 apparel manufactures in metropolitan area from Feb. to Mar. 1998. Employing a sample of 201, data were analyzed by factor analysis, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance. The following are the results of this study. 1. Concerning production strategy due to group of production environment, the stable group and the complicated group prefer to rice/quality centered strategy but the level of usage for strategies is so pretty that it is not significant to carry out them. 2. Concerning production system due to group of production strategy, the workers centered group is occupied high in the price/quality centered group & the complex group. And also the product centered system is occupied high in the flexibility centered group. 3. Concerning company performance due to group of production strategy and system, the price/quality centered group holds low position of performance comparing to another groups. And the performance of the managers centered group is higher than that of the workers.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.7 no.1 s.14
• /
• pp.31-48
• /
• 1998

Soengyo-jang has some characteristics as the most great house, the special functions, and the non-regional type of house form. And it has constructed continuously for two centuries by many owners in the different generations, It needs a special research method ; which are consist of a) comprehension of background information from documents and oral instructed materials, b) pursuit of design process through the building survey, and c) theoretical interpretation about 'collectivism'. From the results of this research, it is revealed that the architectural purpose of this house was constructing 'a great manor'. At first phase, it had been a single ordinary house, at second, it had expanded to a complex including many housing clusters, and finally became to expand its dwelling territory into whole village. Its expansion was progressed by the four collecting phases of which were building, building cluster, group of clusters, and topological setting. Main design elements operated in each of collecting phases ; they were partial element of , exterior spaces of , a linear building of , and a pavilion of . The last two elements were also powerful datum.

• Journal of the Korean Academic Society of Industrial Cluster
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2010

Digital Signage is outdoor media to provide each content and message through digital displays instead that posters and signs are displayed on public facilities. Recently, digital signage have been popular to deliver variety information and advertising on the rapid development of intelligent digital imaging devices based LCD, LED. Continuously digital signage demand and market are growing because digital signage feature is able to capable of interactive communication. Digital signage is expected that digital advertising market is continue rising in spite of global economic downturn at various research institutions, and it is expected to replace traditional media advertising in a new way with the coming digital signage at convergence media side.

• Survey Research
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.49-70
• /
• 2004

This paper is a broad review about general regression estimators, which are very useful when auxiliary variables are available in survey sampling. We investigate the process of development of general regression estimators from birth to suggestion of variance estimation method and examine some properties of general regression estimators by comparing with calibration and QR estimators. We also present some forms of general regression estimators available under complex sampling designs such as stratified sampling and cluster sampling. Finally, we comment some advantages as well as disadvantages of general regression estimators and theoretical and practical development in the future.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2008

As the living standard of citizens are improving and the demand for the quality of life is increasing, the demand for the facilities of welfare and convenience for varied ages rises. Besides, our residential environment is faced with the need for changing into the environment of integrated function of living, which holds health, leisure, culture, education, welfare, etc. Considering the present reality requiring the augment of welfare facilities due to our aging society, community integrated facilities are needed, which can contain welfare service for home-living citizens within residential circle and can accept diverse needs of residents. Accordingly, the study began in order to suggest a better direction for community integrated facilities' plan that considers all age brackets for aging society. The study is to figure out way of thinking what community space of 3 age cluster middle-age in the 30s~40s, preparatory senior citizen in the 50s and old age brackets in the 60s~70s. As methods for attaining the aim of this study, surveys of documents and questionnaire survey were simultaneously used. The result of the study, investigating the importance of a community among the members in the residential complex, showed that all the age groups have highly perceived its importance. All the age groups responded that leisure are important to the elderly. It indicates that importance of their social relations are within the residential environment and it proves that there is lack of facilities for leisure activities of residents in apartment house.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.30 no.4 s.247
• /
• pp.364-372
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and the prediction accuracy of developed large eddy simulation (LES) program for complex turbulent flows, such as recirculating and swirling flows. To save the computational cost, a Beowulf cluster system consisting 16 processors was constructed. The flows in backward-facing step and dump combustor were examined as representative recirculating and swirling flows. Firstly, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) for laminar backward-facing step flows was previously conducted to validate the overall performance of program. Then LES was carried out for turbulent backward-facing step flows. The results of laminar flow showed a qualitative and quantitative agreement between simulations and experiments. The simulations of the turbulent flow also showed reasonable results. Secondly, LES results for non-swirling and swirling flows in a dump combustor were compared with the results of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) using standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. The results show that LES has a better performance in predicting the mean axial and azimuthal velocities, comer recirculation zone (CRZ) and center toroidal recirculation zone (CTRZ) than those of RANS. Finally, it was examined the capability of LES for the description of unsteady phenomena.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2011

Most real world system such as world economy, management, medical and engineering applications contain a series of complex phenomena. One of common methods to understand these system is to build a model and analyze the behavior of the system. As a first step, Determining the best clusters on data. As a second step, Determining the model of the cluster. In this paper, we investigated heuristic search methods for efficient clustering. It is also confirmed that the Bayesian Information Criterion more reliable than Cheeseman-Stutz ones.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.5 s.98
• /
• pp.48-57
• /
• 1999

Applications of thresholding technique are based on the assumption that object and background pixels in a digital image can be distinguished by their gray level values. For the segmentation of more complex images, it is necessary to resort to multiple threshold selection techniques. This paper describes a new method for multiple threshold selection of gray level images which are not clearly distinguishable from the background. The proposed method consists of three main stages. In the first stage, a probability distribution function for a gray level histogram of an image is derived. Cluster points are defined according to the probability distribution function. In the second stage, fuzzy partition matrix of the probability distribution function is generated through the fuzzy clustering process. Finally, elements of the fuzzy partition matrix are classified as clusters according to gray level values by using max-membership method. Boundary values of classified clusters are selected as multiple threshold. In order to verify the performance of the developed algorithm, automatic inspection process of ball grid array is presented.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.3769-3789
• /
• 2018

Social pedestrian groups are the basic elements that constitute a crowd; therefore, detection of such groups is scientifically important for modeling social behavior, as well as practically useful for crowd video understanding. A social group refers to a cluster of members who tend to keep similar motion state for a sustained period of time. One of the main challenges of social group detection arises from the complex dynamic variations of crowd patterns. Therefore, most works model dynamic groups to analysis the crowd behavior, ignoring the existence of stationary groups in crowd scene. However, in this paper, we propose a novel unified framework for detecting social pedestrian groups in crowd videos, including dynamic and stationary pedestrian groups, based on spatiotemporal-oriented energy measurements. Dynamic pedestrian groups are hierarchically clustered based on energy flow similarities and trajectory motion correlations between the atomic groups extracted from principal spatiotemporal-oriented energies. Furthermore, the probability distribution of static spatiotemporal-oriented energies is modeled to detect stationary pedestrian groups. Extensive experiments on challenging datasets demonstrate that our method can achieve superior results for social pedestrian group detection and crowd video classification.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2016

Big data processing is a broad term for processing data sets so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate. Widespread use of smart devices results in a huge impact on the way we process data. Many organizations are contemplating how to incorporate or integrate those devices into their enterprise data systems. We have proposed a way to process big data by way of integrating Raspberry Pi into a Hadoop cluster as a computational grid. We have then shown the efficiency through several experiments and the ease of scaling of the proposed system.