• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.517-522
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to report the clinical application of Korean and Western medicine on chronic diarrhea and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea is usually triggered by using antibiotics. This patient also took some antibiotics and she started to suffer diarrhea diagnosed as chronic and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. She had suffered from diarrhea over 10 times per day. We checked changes of numbers, total volume of defecations and stool form. We treated the patient with acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine and metronidazole. After treatment, diarrhea was stopped and the patient defecated normal form stool. According to this study, acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine and metronidazole was effective for 1 case of stroke patient with chronic and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

Clotridium bovis sp. nov, is described on the basis of 5 strains isolated from the feces of Holstein cattle. The isolate are gram-positive, motile, strict anaerobic spore forming rods. They differ from all the validly described related species of the genus Clostridium in carbohydrate fermentation pattern, G+C mol% and DNA homologies. Acid is produced from arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, inulin and salicin. Major end products in PYFG broth are large amounts of butyric acid and lactic acid, and trace amounts of acetic and succinic acids. The G+C mol% of DNA from the type strain is 26 mol%. The type strain of Clostridium bovis is Catt $66^T$ strain.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1016-1021
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• 2005

We studied on screening and isolation of dominant bacteria in the food waste fermentation process and on effective production of VFAs by isolated bacteria. In the result of study, bacteria of twelve species were isolated by anaerobic medium. Among the 12 isolated species including Escherichia coli, Clostridium formicoaceticum, C. butyricum, C. acetobutyricum. E. coli and Clostridium spp. were occurred dominantly in the fermentation process and regarded as best VFAs producing bacteria. Acetic acid are produced 287 mg/gTS(8,176 mg/L) by E. coli in concentration of $6{\times}10^8\;cells/gTS$, 551 mg/gTS(15,715 mg/L) by Clostridium formicoaceticum in concentration of $5{\times}10^4\;cells/gTS$. Three times as much acetic acid were produced as blank. Butyric acid are produced 214 mg/gTS(6,106 mg/L) by C. butyricum in concentration of $2.5{\times}10^5\;cells/gTS$ and produced 254 mg/gTS(7,261 mg/L) by C. acetobutyricum of concentration of $1.5{\times}10^5\;cells/gTS$. Two times as much butyric acid were produced as blank.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the catechins which separated from mulberry leaf. The Epicatechin contents in mulberry leves was 1.21${\pm}$0.05 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg ethylacetate fraction. epigalocatechingallte contents WAS 3.56 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg ethylacetate fraction. The cathechins (epicatechin and epigalocate-chingallate) separated from mulberry leaf was shown a strong activity to growth inhibition by the concentration of 5 mg/disc on the Clostridium perfringens.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.226-232
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• 2013

To produce biobutanol, fermentation processes using clostridia that mainly produce acetone, butanol and ethanol are used. In this work, a dynamic model describing the metabolic reactions in an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)-producing clostridium, Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824, was proposed. To estimate the 58 kinetic parameters of the metabolic network model with experimental data obtained from a batch fermentor, we used an efficient optimization method combining a genetic algorithm and the Levenberg-Marquardt method because of the complexity of the metabolism of the clostridium. For the verification of the determined parameters, the developed metabolic model was evaluated by experiments where genetically modified clostridium was used and the initial concentration of glucose was changed. Consequently, we found that the developed kinetic model for the metabolic network was considered to describe the dynamic metabolic state of the clostridium sufficiently. Thus, this dynamic model for the metabolic reactions will contribute to designing the clostridium as well as the fermentor for higher productivity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1823-1833
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• 2018

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) is a common and popular method used to investigate microbial communities in natural and engineered environments. In this study, two specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes, CLZ and KCLZ, were designed and verified to quantify the genus Clostridium and the species Clostridium kluyveri. The optimal concentration of hybridization buffer solution for both probes was 30% (w/v). The specificity of the designed probes was high due to the use of pellets from pure reference strains. Feasibility was tested using samples of Chinese liquor from the famed Luzhou manufacturing cellar. The effectiveness of detecting target cells appears to vary widely in different environments. In pit mud, the detection effectiveness of the target cell by probes CLZ and KCLZ was 49.11% and 32.14%, respectively. Quantitative analysis by FISH technique of microbes in pit mud and fermented grains showed consistency with the results detected by qPCR and PCR-DGGE techniques, which showed that the probes CLZ and KCLZ were suitable to analyze the biomass of Clostridium spp. and C. kluyveri during liquor fermentation. Therefore, this study provides a method for quantitative analysis of Clostridium spp. and C. kluyveri and monitoring their community dynamics in microecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.819-824
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• 1999

Suspected infections of Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp were observed in three dogs. The diagnosis was based on fecal cytology, Gram's stain, clinical signs and serum chemistry. The rectal swabs of diarrheic dogs were performed to confirm the enteropathogens. Suspected Campylobacter spp were a sea-gull shape and Clostridium spp had a large, clear endospore in rectal cytology. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics resulted in a complete resolution of all clinical abnormalities in three cases. The source of Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp could not be found clearly in three cases, but gastrointestinal origin was most likely. When detecting the enteropathogens in feces, fecal smear with Wright's and Gram's stain should be made at first and also, if the patients have canine parvoviral enteritis, attention should be paid to confirm the Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp. In addition, since Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp as normal bacterial flora exists in canine intestines, it is thought that microbiological isolation should be performed to confirm the suspected Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp as primary enteropathogens in subsequent study.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 1990

The conditions for protoplasts formation and regeneration of thermophilic anaerobic C. thermocellum and C. thermohydrosulfuricum were determined under the anaerobic growth conditions. The cells of C. thermocellum in initial exponential growth phase were identified to be the most suited for protoplast formation. The optimal conditions for protoplast formation were found to be at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours with 0.5 mg/ml of lysozyme in TMG buffer (pH7.5). On the other hand, C. thermohydro-sulfuricum grown in the same medium but excluding glycine was optimally protoplasted at the same conditions but with 0.2 mg/ml of lysozyme. The protoplasts of both strains only subjected to lysozyme treatment of the short time were satisfactorily regenerated after 7-10 days incubation at $60^{\circ}C$ in regeneration medium containing 0.3-0.4 M sorbitol, 0.5% casamino acid, and high concentration of $CaCl_{2}$ and $MgCl_{2}$. The regeneration frequencies of the protoplasts of C. thermocellum and C. thermohydrosulfuricum were found to be very low level of $4.85{\times}10^{-3}$ and $4.23{\times}10^{-2}$, respectively. The nonregenerated L-form cells were also observed inregeneration medium together with regenerated cells.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.267-270
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• 1997

To industrialize the foods using wormwood extract, the optimal extraction yield of growth-inhibitory component of wormwood (Artemisia princeps) against Clostridium perfringens in vitro was investigated at various conditions. The optimal extraction of wormwood was produced from the condition of $40^{\circ}C$, 4 hours and 100% ethanol (30 volume).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.259-266
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• 2010

Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is an important nosocomial infectious diarrhea and is associated with antibiotic use. Recently, incidence of C. difficile has been increasing in hospitals. A total of 1,329 stool specimens were examined from January, 2005 to December, 2008. This study analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of C. difficile infections on them. Out of 1,329 stool specimens, 283 specimens showed toxin A/B positive, using EIA. The positive rate was 21.2%; with the highest incidence among and above the 70years old. On endoscopy, psedo membranous colitis was found in 57.7%, and 19.5% of patients were normal. Pathologic finding showed PMC in 26.8% of patients, AAC in 52.2%. C. difficile was associated with PMC, however, endoscopic and pathologic findings tests showed normal to PMC.