• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.564-577
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• 2017

We investigated whether external environmental factors acted as a trigger for flowering in the draft bamboo (Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino) blooming area of Mt. Baekwoon located in Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province. We then considered the cause for flowering, flowering patterns and life history strategies of the draft bamboo based on the investigation. There were no differences in soil, physical conditions, and light amount between the draft bamboo flowering and non-flowering areas. The precipitation and temperature of the areas in Korea and Japan where it blossomed from 2014 to 2017 were similar to the normal year values (for the past 30 years). Moreover, most of the draft bamboo died after flowering on a large scale, but some did not, or some culms were developed again. In other words, the draft bamboo bloomed simultaneously regardless of external environmental factors, and most of the culms were dead, but some were left alive. Therefore, it is considered that the flowering is triggered by the specific genes (referred as to clock genes) expressed periodically by a biological clock rather than the external environmental factors. Meanwhile, the draft bamboos generally bloom on a large scale by synchronizing with other ones in the distance but may also bloom several times separately on a small scale. It may be a kind of an insurance system established to disperse the risk of failed sexual propagation when flowering once in a lifetime. The results reveal that the long-period monocarpy of the draft bamboo has been strengthened to optimize the sexual propagation to overcome the increased environmental instability caused by the expansion of distribution of tropical bamboos and bamboo species to the temperate regions.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2017

This study was designed to evaluate the age, gender, location of trauma, etiology, injury site, types of treatment, elapsed time after trauma, and arrival time of children who visited trauma center of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital. Records of a total of 841 patients who were 0 - 15 years old and received care in the period from March 2011 to October 2015 at the Trauma Center, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital were analyzed. This study showed that traumatic dental injuries were more common in boys and patients between 0 - 3 years old. Under 6 years old, fall was the most common etiology and home was the most common place of trauma. However, fall decreased, and sports and etc increased largely in etiologic factors over 6 years old. Besides, home decreased, and road and kindergarten school increased largely in the place of trauma. Etiology and location of trauma were statistically influenced by the age (p < 0.05). The most commonly affected injury sites were maxillary incisors and lips. The most patients visited trauma center between 18 - 24 o'clock (53.3%), and the least patients visited between 0 - 6 o'clock (4.6%). 51.5% of patients visited the trauma center within 1 hour of sustaining trauma, and 26.8% and 11.5% of patients visited between 1 - 2 hours and 2 - 3 hours respectively. The most common treatment of traumatic dental injuries was observation, and the second most common treatment was suture. Traumatic dental injuries in children exhibit specific epidemiological features according to children's gender, age, and other conditions. These result from combination of social, developmental, and physiologic factors.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.439-452
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• 2014

This paper suggests the method to extend service area by using the transmit offset delay in T-DMB single frequency network (SFN). In general, synchronization of the transmit time of all site can be done by using the reference clock of GPS, which dose not reflect the details geographical characteristics and transmit specifications of each site. Applying the site-specific transmit offset delay, we could extend the service area of SFN T-DMB. Applying the transmit offset delay, it is found that the signal quality in the region of weak receive field strength was improved and upto 4~8 km service area expansion was achieved by satisfying the minimum field strength ($45dB{\mu}V/m$) recommended by the Korea Communications Commission (KCC). Site-specific offset delay was calculated considering the geographic service area characteristics, distribution of electric field strength between neighboring sites and site-specific service target area. Experiments were carried out in order to analyze impact of calculated offset delay on the T-DMB SFN and also to confirm that the offset delay extends T-DMB service coverage. The experiment was done in metropolitan T-DMB service areas.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

This paper proposes the specific code synchronization technique for DS-SS(Direct Sequence-Spread Spectrum transmission in the DVB-RCS +M standard. DS-SS is better than multi-carrier transmission method under nonlinear channel but imposes a long acquisition time. To improve the synchronization aspect, the robust correlation structure is introduced for acquisition and the nonlinear delay lock loop is done for tracking. MAT(Mean Acquisition Time) performances is shown to validate its superiority. In addition, code tracking and jitter performances are done when code tracking algorithm based on 2 oversamples which is not influenced by sampling clock timing offset and carrier freq. offset is used.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.42 no.8 s.338
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

This paper proposes a bit manipulation accelerator (BMA) having application specific instructions, which efficiently supports scrambling, convolutional encoding, puncturing, and interleaving. Conventional DSPs cannot effectively perform bit manipulation functions since かey have multiply accumulate (MAC) oriented data paths and word-based functions. However, the proposed accelerator can efficiently process bit manipulation functions using parallel shift and Exclusive-OR (XOR) operations and bit jnsertion/extraction operations on multiple data. The proposed BMA has been modeled by VHDL and synthesized using the SEC $0.18\mu m$ standard cell library and the gate count of the BMA is only about 1,700 gates. Performance comparisons show that the number of clock cycles can be reduced about $40\%\sim80\%$ for scrambling, convolutional encoding and interleaving compared with existing DSPs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.245-253
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid composition and the rancidity of commercial deep-fat fried foods in Kangreung. the 7 kinds of samples were purchased form snack corners in 3 markets at AM 10 and PM 6 o'clock. The acid value, peroxide value and TBA value of the deep-fat fried foods were determined and the fatty acid composition were analyzed. The range of acid value was 0.45∼1.79, that of peroxide value was 1.24∼8.64meq/㎏,and that of TBA value was 12∼140 in all samples. There was significant difference in most of all samples by purchasing time and kinds of samples. But there was not specific tendency by purchasing times in each sample. Most of the acid value, peroxide value and TBA value of the samples fried with meats or sea foods showed higher value than the that of samples fried with vegetables or seaweeds. The fatty acid composition of the total lipids in the deep-fat fried foods were similar to one another. The major fatty acids were linoleic acid(C18 : 2) , oleic acid(C18 : 1) in order of content. Minor fatty acids were palmitic acid(C16 :0), linolenic acid(C18 : 3), stearic acid (C18 : 0) in order of content. the P/S ratio was the range of 2.12/1∼4.71/1 and the that of the samples fried with meats was the highest among samples. so there was the same tendency in this result between the chemical properties(acid value, peroxide value, TBA Value) and fatty acid composition. As a result of acid value and peroxide value in this study, the commercial deep-fat fried foods in Kangreung was safety.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.44
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• pp.285-306
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• 2016

With the increase use of smartphones, users can consume contents such as webtoon, webnovel and TV drama directly provided by the producers. In this Direct-to-Consumer era, webdrama services from the portal websites are increasing rapidly. Webdramas such as , , and can be analyzed in real time using responses such as unique users, likes, and comments. The analyses used in this research were Social Media Big Data Mining Method and Opinion Mining Method. Specific key words from webdrama can be extracted and viewers positive, neutral or negative emotion can be predicted from the words. The analyses of popular webdramas showed that the established K-Pop Idol member appearance and servicing portal site greatly influence the views, traffics, comments, and likes. Also, 'Mobile TV' proved the effectiveness as another platform other than television. Mobile targeted contents and robust business models still to be developed and identified. Overcoming these few tasks, Korea will be proven to be a webdrama content powerhouse.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.943-949
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• 2010

This paper presents some improvements on VLSI implementation of lifting-based 9/7 wavelet transform by optimization hardware multiplication. The proposed solution requires less logic area and power consumption without performance loss compared to previous wavelet filter structure based on lifting scheme. This paper proposes a better approach to the hardware implementation using Lefevre algorithm based on extensions of Pattern search methods. To compare the proposed structure to the previous solutions on full multiplier blocks, we implemented them using Verilog HDL. For a hardware implementation of the two solutions, the logical synthesis on 0.18 um standard cells technology show that area, maximum delay and power consumption of the proposed architecture can be reduced up to 51%, 43% and 30%, respectively, compared to previous solutions for a 200 MHz target clock frequency. Our evaluation show that when design VLSI chip of lifting-based 9/7 wavelet filter, our solution is better suited for standard-cell application-specific integrated circuits than prior works on complete multiplier blocks.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

This study examines the scale unique instruments used for astronomical observation during the Joseon dynasty. The Small Simplified Armillary Sphere (小簡儀, So-ganui) and the Sun-and-Stars Time-Determining Instrument (日星定時儀, Ilseong-jeongsi-ui) are minimized astronomical instruments, which can be characterized, respectively, as an observational instrument and a clock, and were influenced by the Simplified Armilla (簡儀, Jianyi) of the Yuan dynasty. These two instruments were equipped with several rings, and the rings of one were similar both in size and in scale to those of the other. Using the classic method of drawing the scale on the circumference of a ring, we analyze the scales of the Small Simplified Armillary Sphere and the Sun-and-Stars Time-Determining Instrument. Like the scale feature of the Simplified Armilla, we find that these two instruments selected the specific circumference which can be drawn by two kinds of scales. If Joseon's astronomical instruments is applied by the dual scale drawing on one circumference, we suggest that 3.14 was used as the ratio of the circumference of circle, not 3 like China, when the ring's size was calculated in that time. From the size of Hundred-interval disk of the extant Simplified Sundial in Korea, we make a conclusion that the three rings' diameter of the Sun-and-Stars Time-Determining Instrument described in the Sejiong Sillok (世宗實錄, Veritable Records of the King Sejong) refers to that of the middle circle of every ring, not the outer circle. As analyzing the degree of 28 lunar lodges (lunar mansions) in the equator written by Chiljeongsan-naepyeon (七政算內篇, the Inner Volume of Calculation of the Motions of the Seven Celestial Determinants), we also obtain the result that the scale of the Celestial-circumference-degree in the Small Simplified Armillary Sphere was made with a scale error about 0.1 du in root mean square (RMS).

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.374-387
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• 2014

Since the sexual violence crime has a high probability of repeated crime, the electronic monitoring system has been introduced as a measure to it. And this system allows the police to know the location of former criminal around the clock through the electronic device, the former criminal has the psychological/mental oppression which can restrain the intention of crime to a degree. However, there is a limit in blocking criminals with strong will from repeated crime. The next-generation intelligent electronic anklet currently under study collects and analyzes the change bio-data in real time through the location information of electronic monitoring target and attached sensor. This study is aimed to predict the symptom of crime occurrence in advance based on this and block the crime intention in advance or stop the ongoing crime before it is expanded.