• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Function of salivary gland and saliva composition can be an indicator of individual's health status. Recently, saliva has been thought to have a high potential for usage in the biomedical field to diagnose, evaluate, and prevent systemic health due to the technological advances in analyzing and detecting small elements such as immunological and metabolic products, viruses, microorganisms, hormones in saliva. As a diagnostic specimen, saliva has some useful advantages compared to serum. Because of simple non-invasive method, saliva sampling is quite comfort for the patient, and it doesn't require specialists to collect samples. The possibility of infection during the collection process is also low. For this reason, proteins, genetic materials, and various biomarkers in saliva are actively being utilized on studying stress, microbiomics, genetics, and epigenetics. For the research on collecting big data related to systemic health, the needs on biobank has been focused. Regeneration of salivary gland based on tissue engineering has been also on advancement. However, there are still many issues to be solved, such as the standardization of sample collection, storage, and usage. This review focuses on the recent trends in the field of saliva research and highlight the future perspectives in biomedical and other applications.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.334-346
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and hand-wrist radiographs using a skeletal maturity indicator (SMI) and the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3). Hand-wrist radiographs and blood samples from 205 patients aged 7 - 17 years were retrospectively analyzed by two dentists using the SMI stages, MP3 stages, and serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels. Serum IGF-1 levels were highest at the SMI 6 - 8 and MP3 - G stage and lowest at the SMI 1 - 3 and MP3 - F stage (p < 0.0001). Serum IGFBP-3 levels were highest at the SMI 9 - 10 and MP3 - I stage and lowest at the SMI 1 - 3 and MP3 - FG stage (p = 0.010, 0.030). As a result of Pearson correlation analysis, a relatively high correlation was found between skeletal maturity using the SMI and MP3 stages and serum IGF-1 levels (r = 0.698, 0.622, p < 0.0001). According to the results of this study, serum IGF-1 levels can be used as an auxiliary measure to evaluate the skeletal maturity of children and adolescents in dentistry. The range from the mean serum IGF-1 level of 472 ㎍/L in SMI 6 stage to the mean IGF-1 level of 510.63 ㎍/L in MP3 G stage could be considered as the peak height velocity in clinical practice.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2023

The rapid detection of bacteria in the oral cavity, its species identification, and bacterial count determination are important to diagnose oral diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. The existing clinical microbial diagnosis methods are time-consuming as they involve observing patients' samples under a microscope or culturing and confirming bacteria using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits, making the process complex. Therefore, it is required to analyze the development status of substances and systems that can rapidly detect and analyze pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity. With research advancements, a close relationship between oral and systemic diseases has been identified, making it crucial to identify the changes in the oral cavity bacterial composition. Additionally, an early and accurate diagnosis is essential for better prognosis in periodontal disease. However, most periodontal disease-causing pathogens are anaerobic bacteria, which are difficult to identify using conventional bacterial culture methods. Further, the existing PCR method takes a long time to detect and involves complicated stages. Therefore, to address these challenges, the concept of point-of-care (PoC) has emerged, leading to the study and implementation of various chair-side test methods. This study aims to investigate the different PoC diagnostic methods introduced thus far for identifying pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity. These are classified into three categories: 1) microbiological tests, 2) microchemical tests, and 3) genetic tests. The microbiological tests are used to determine the presence or absence of representative causative bacteria of periodontal diseases, such as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and T. denticola. However, the quantitative analysis remains impossible, and detecting pathogens other than the specific ones is challenging. The microchemical tests determine the activity of inflammation or disease by measuring the levels of biomarkers present in the oral cavity. Although this diagnostic method is based on increase in the specific biomarkers proportional to inflammation or disease progression in the oral cavity, its commercialization is limited due to low sensitivity and specificity. The genetic tests are based on the concept that differences in disease vulnerability and treatment response are caused by the patient's DNA predisposition. Specifically, the IL-1 gene is used in such tests. PoC diagnostic methods developed to date serve as supplementary diagnostic methods and tools for patient education, in addition to existing diagnostic methods, although they have limitations in diagnosing oral diseases alone. Research on various PoC test methods that can analyze and manage the oral cavity bacterial composition is expected to become more active, aligning with the shift from treatment-oriented to prevention-oriented approaches in healthcare.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.477-498
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of women's gender role attitudes on depression. We also studied self-esteem and family life satisfaction as mediating factors on depression. The data was from the National Welfare Panel Study of 2009 and the analyses were conducted on 3,791 women and 3,467 men aged from 20 to 59. Independent samples t-test and stepwise multiple regression analyses show significant gender differences on depression and gender role attitudes. Women score higher than men in depression and gender role attitudes. Those who have higher traditional gender role attitudes manifest higher score on depression. We also found out that self-esteem and family life satisfaction are the mediating factors for women's depression. As a result, gender role attitudes demonstrate direct and indirect effects on depression through mediation of self-esteem and family life satisfaction. Clinical implications are discussed to consider women's gender role attitudes, their self-esteem and family life satisfaction while consulting with depressed women.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.269-281
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• 2023

In this study, a new triplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (tqRT-PCR) assay was developed for the rapid and differential detection of three feline viral pathogens including feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), and influenza A virus (IAV) in a single reaction. The assay specifically amplified three targeted viral genes with a detection limit of below 10 copies/reaction. The assay showed high repeatability and reproducibility, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of less than 1%. Based on the diagnostic results of the assay using 120 clinical samples obtained from cats with feline respiratory disease complex (FRDC)-suspected signs, the prevalence of FCV, FHV-1, or IAV was 43.3%, 22.5%, or 0%, respectively, indicating that the diagnostic sensitivity was comparable or superior to those of previously reported monoplex qRT-PCR/qPCR assays. The dual infection rate for FCV and FHV-1 was 8.3%. These results indicate that FCV and FHV-1 are widespread and that co-infection with FCV and FHV-1 frequently occur in the Korean cat population. The developed tqRT-PCR assay will serve as a promising tool for etiological and epidemiological studies of these three bacterial pathogens, and the prevalence data for three feline viruses obtained in this study will contribute to expanding knowledge about the epidemiology of FRDC in the current Korean cat population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze radiological technologists' (RT) task perceptions of intravenous injection behavior of contrast medium and use it as basic data for future workforce response plans. We surveyed a total of 172 RT using questionnaire terms consisting of demographic characteristics, job priorities, and RT' task perceptions of intravenous injection behavior. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, independent samples T-test, and ANOVA analysis. As a result, first, current clinical RT were highly aware of the need for intravenous injection behavior as a response to the future workforce of them, and the workload burden resulting from this was evaluated as low. Second, the fear of intravenous injection behavior was found to be significant, so it is judged to be useful to perform them as selective job actions rather than all RT' task. Third, the need for training courses and certification for RT' intravenous injection behavior is being raised, and additional specific research on this is required. Last, RT' positive perception of intravenous injection behavior could be expected as a foundation for improving national medical services, strengthening RT expertise, and expanding tasks.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2024

Objective: ¹⁷⁷Lutetium [Lu] Ludotadipep is a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting therapeutic agent with an albumin motif added to increase uptake in the tumors. We assessed the biodistribution and dosimetry of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Materials and Methods: Data from 25 patients (median age, 73 years; range, 60-90) with mCRPC from a phase I study with activity escalation design of single administration of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep (1.85, 2.78, 3.70, 4.63, and 5.55 GBq) were assessed. Activity in the salivary glands, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen was estimated from whole-body scan and abdominal SPECT/CT images acquired at 2, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after administration of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep. Red marrow activity was calculated from blood samples obtained at 3, 10, 30, 60, and 180 min, and at 24, 48, and 72 h after administration. Organand tumor-based absorbed dose calculations were performed using IDAC-Dose 2.1. Results: Absorbed dose coefficient (mean ± standard deviation) of normal organs was 1.17 ± 0.81 Gy/GBq for salivary glands, 0.05 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq for lungs, 0.14 ± 0.06 Gy/GBq for liver, 0.77 ± 0.28 Gy/GBq for kidneys, 0.12 ± 0.06 Gy/GBq for spleen, and 0.07 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq for red marrow. The absorbed dose coefficient of the tumors was 10.43 ± 7.77 Gy/GBq. Conclusion: [¹⁷⁷Lu]Ludotadipep is expected to be safe at the dose of 3.7 GBq times 6 cycles planned for a phase II clinical trial with kidneys and bone marrow being the critical organs, and shows a high tumor absorbed dose.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.399-407
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• 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs in more than 15% of the dogs over 10 years of age and causes irreversible renal function deterioration. Therefore, it is important to diagnose CKD early and treat the disease properly. The purpose of this study aimed to to evaluate the clinical utility of urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) using POC (point-of-care) device as an early detection urinary biomarker in CKD dogs and to confirm the correlation between ACR and other known CKD biomarkers. Urine and serum samples were obtained from 50 healthy dogs and 50 dogs with CKD. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations, and urine protein creatinine ratio (UPC) were measured. Urine specific gravity (USG) was evaluated using refractometer, and ACR was measured using an i-SENS A1Care analyzer. The ACR values of dogs with CKD were significantly different from those of healthy dogs (p < 0.001), as with other renal biomarkers. ACR showed significant differences between healthy dogs and dogs with CKD at every IRIS stage (p < 0.005), whereas no significant differences were observed between dogs with CKD IRIS stage I and healthy dogs with UPC. There are significant positive correlation between ACR and BUN (r = 0.611, p < 0.001), creatinine (r = 0.788, p < 0.001), SDMA (r = 0.747, p < 0.001), and UPC (r = 0.784, p < 0.001), and significant negative correlation between ACR and USG (r = -0.700, p < 0.001). In receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.982 (95% CI 0.963-1.000, p < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off value of 64.20 mg/g (94% sensitivity and 94% specificity). Thus, ACR is a useful urinary biomarker for the early diagnosis of proteinuria in CKD and combined use of ACR and other renal biomarkers may be helpful for early diagnosis and prevention of CKD in dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.579-585
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of coffee soaked in Morus bombycis extract. Green coffee beans were soaked in M. bombycis extract for 2, 4, and 6 hours (sample codes: 2H, 4H, and 6H) at $4^{\circ}C$. Soaked green beans were dried and roasted for coffee extraction. Two controls, roasted with the same amount of heat (C1) and showed the same weight after roasting (C2), were used. Physicochemical characteristics (pH, total acidity, color, browning index, and total soluble solids), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were investigated. Lower pH and higher total acidity were observed in 2H, 4H, and 6H (P<0.05), supporting evidence of sour taste. There were significant differences in DPPH between the controls (45.51~47.02%) and samples (50.67~55.25%, P<0.05), although 2H and 6H did not show significantly higher DPPH than the controls. 2H, 4H, and 6H showed significantly higher FRAP values ($0.320{\sim}0.331\;FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;mM\;FeSO_4/g$) than controls ($0.265{\sim}0.271\;mM\;FeSO_4/g$). ORAC values of samples [1,062.86~1,153.68 mM trolox equivalent (TE)/g] were significantly higher than those of controls (689.40~942.12 mM TE/g). 2H, 4H, and 6H showed significantly higher TPC [24.27~26.07 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g] and TFC [3.75~4.28 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g] than controls (19.79~22.77 mg GAE/g and 1.07~1.95 mg QE/g, respectively) (P<0.05). M. bombycis extracts soaked into green coffee beans showed polyphenol compounds from green coffee beans. Consumer acceptance of 4H (5.12) was the highest, followed by C2 (4.92). C1 (4.14) showed the lowest consumer acceptance. Consumers were segmented into two groups, those who preferred M. bombycis extract-soaked coffee (approximately 61%) and controls (approximately 39%).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.4 s.93
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• pp.293-300
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of hydrophilic primer, which claim to retain adequate bond strength on moistened enamel resulting from moisture or saliva contamination, by comparing the shear bond strength and adhesive failure patterns of brackets bonded using hydrophilic primer and conventional hydrophobic primer. Brackets were bonded to human premolars embedded in metal cylinders utilizing light cured adhesive, primed with either a hydrophilic primer(Transbond fm primer) or a conventional hydrophobic primer(Transbond XT primer). Each sample was exposed to varying degrees of artificial saliva contamination during the priming process. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the adhesive failure patterns after debonding were visually examined by strereomicroscope and assessed using the adhesive remnant index(ARI). The results were as follows 1. In dry conditions, no significant differences in shear bond strength between Transbond W and Transbond XT primers were found. 2. Transbond MIP primer exhibited a significantly higher shear bond strength than Transbond XT primer in saliva-contaminated conditions, regardless of the degree of contamination. 3. When contaminated with one coat of saliva, Transbond MIP primer did not exhibit significant differences in shear bond strength compared to the dry condition. When contaminated with two coats of saliva, Transbond MIP primer exhibited a singnificantly lower shear bond strength compared to the dry condition. 4. The adhesive remnant index of the adhesive failure pattern had a tendency to decrease, as the degree of saliva contamination increased. Bracket-adhesive interface failure was observed in more than half of the saliva contaminated samples utilizing Transbond MIP primer, whereas the bond failure sites of the Transbond XT primer samples occurred almost exclusively at the adhesive-enamel interface in saliva-contaminated conditions. The results of this study suggest that in cases where moisture control is difficult, Transbond MIP primer is an effective alternative to conventional hydrophobic primers.